| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Drew, David A., et al.
(författare)
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Aspirin and NSAID use and the risk of COVID-19
- 2021
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Early reports raised concern that use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19). Users of the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application reported use of aspirin and other NSAIDs between March 24 and May 8, 2020. Users were queried daily about symptoms, COVID-19 testing, and healthcare seeking behavior. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the risk of COVID-19 among according to aspirin or non-aspirin NSAID users. Among 2,736,091 individuals in the U.S., U.K., and Sweden, we documented 8,966 incident reports of a positive COVID-19 test over 60,817,043 person-days of follow-up. Compared to non-users and after stratifying by age, sex, country, day of study entry, and race/ethnicity, non-aspirin NSAID use was associated with a modest risk for testing COVID-19 positive (HR 1.23 [1.09, 1.32]), but no significant association was observed among aspirin users (HR 1.13 [0.92, 1.38]). After adjustment for lifestyle factors, comorbidities and baseline symptoms, any NSAID use was not associated with risk (HR 1.02 [0.94, 1.10]). Results were similar for those seeking healthcare for COVID-19 and were not substantially different according to lifestyle and sociodemographic factors or after accounting for propensity to receive testing. Our results do not support an association of NSAID use, including aspirin, with COVID-19 infection. Previous reports of a potential association may be due to higher rates of comorbidities or use of NSAIDs to treat symptoms associated with COVID-19.One Sentence Summary NSAID use is not associated with COVID-19 risk.Competing Interest StatementJW, RD, and JC are employees of Zoe Global Ltd. TDS is a consultant to Zoe Global Ltd. DAD and ATC previously served as investigators on a clinical trial of diet and lifestyle using a separate mobile application that was supported by Zoe Global Ltd. Other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.Clinical TrialNCT04331509Funding StatementZoe provided in kind support for all aspects of building running and supporting the app and service to all users worldwide. DAD is supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases K01DK120742. CGG is supported by the Bau Tsu Zung Bau Kwan Yeu Hing Research and Clinical Fellowship. LHN is supported by the American Gastroenterological Association Research Scholars Award. ATC is the Stuart and Suzanne Steele MGH Research Scholar and Stand Up to Cancer scientist. The Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness (MassCPR) and Mark and Lisa Schwartz supported MGH investigators (DAD CGG LHN ADJ WM RSM CHL SK ATC). CMA is supported by the NIDDK K23 DK120899 and the Boston Childrens Hospital Office of Faculty Development Career Development Award. Kings College of London investigators (KAL MNL TV MSG CHS SO CJS TDS) were supported by the Wellcome Trust and EPSRC (WT212904/Z/18/Z WT203148/Z/16/Z T213038/Z/18/Z) the NIHR GSTT/KCL Biomedical Research Centre MRC/BHF (MR/M016560/1) UK Research and Innovation London Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence Centre for Value Based Healthcare and the Alzheimers Society (AS-JF-17-011). MNL is supported by an NIHR Doctoral Fellowship (NIHR300159). Work related to the Swedish elements of the study are supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation and the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (LUDC-IRC 15-0067). Sponsors had no role in study design analysis and interpretation of data report writing and the decision to submit for publication.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:Participants provided informed consent to the use of app data for research purposes and agreed to privacy policies and terms of use. This research study was approved by the Partners Human Research Committee IRB 2020P000909 Kings College London Ethics Committee REMAS ID 18210 Review Reference LRS-19/20-18210 and the central ethics committee in Sweden DNR 2020-01803All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesData collected in the app is being shared with other health researchers through the NHS-funded Health Data Research U.K. (HDRUK)/SAIL consortium, housed in the U.K. Secure Research Platform (UKSeRP) in Swansea. Anonymized data is available to be shared with bonafide researchers HDRUK according to their protocols (https://healthdatagateway.org/detail/9b604483-9cdc-41b2-b82c-14ee3dd705f6). U.S. investigators are encouraged to coordinate data requests through the COPE Consortium (www.monganinstitute.org/cope-consortium). Data updates can be found on https://covid.joinzoe.com.
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| 3. |
- Lee, Karla A., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer and Risk of COVID-19 Through a General Community Survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Oncologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1083-7159 .- 1549-490X. ; 26:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individuals with cancer may be at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and adverse outcomes. However, evidence from large population-based studies examining whether cancer and cancer-related therapy exacerbates the risk of COVID-19 infection is still limited. Data were collected from the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application since March 29 through May 8, 2020. Among 23,266 participants with cancer and 1,784,293 without cancer, we documented 10,404 reports of a positive COVID-19 test. Compared with participants without cancer, those living with cancer had a 60% increased risk of a positive COVID-19 test. Among patients with cancer, current treatment with chemotherapy or immunotherapy was associated with a 2.2-fold increased risk of a positive test. The association between cancer and COVID-19 infection was stronger among participants >65 years and males. Future studies are needed to identify subgroups by tumor types and treatment regimens who are particularly at risk for COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes.
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| 4. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 5. |
- Luo, J., et al.
(författare)
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Accurate targeting in robot-assisted TCM pulse diagnosis using adaptive sensor fusion
- 2019
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Ingår i: Periodicals of engineering and natural sciences. - : International University of Sarajevo. - 2303-4521. ; 7:1, s. 381-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate targeting plays an important role in the study of human-robot interaction under dynamic environments. Especially for robot-assisted Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis, the localization and accuracy of diagnose positions at wrist needs to be addressed. In this work, imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) which measures the physiological changes of blood flow in artery is used as an extra modal information in addition to computer vision at localization, to alleviate the effect of approaching distance varying during the robot arm movement. Both computer vision and iPPG are fed into an adaptive fusion expert of convolutional neural networks (CNN) architecture, and this boosts the accuracy at targeting of TCM radial artery at wrist. A coherence weight of their contributions was calculated and reflected the adaptation of the CNN to distance varying.
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| 6. |
- Mikaelsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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A high-repetition rate attosecond light source for time-resolved coincidence spectroscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanophotonics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2192-8614 .- 2192-8606. ; 10:1, s. 117-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attosecond pulses, produced through high-order harmonic generation in gases, have been successfully used for observing ultrafast, subfemtosecond electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solid state systems. Today's typical attosecond sources, however, are often impaired by their low repetition rate and the resulting insufficient statistics, especially when the number of detectable events per shot is limited. This is the case for experiments, where several reaction products must be detected in coincidence, and for surface science applications where space charge effects compromise spectral and spatial resolution. In this work, we present an attosecond light source operating at 200 kHz, which opens up the exploration of phenomena previously inaccessible to attosecond interferometric and spectroscopic techniques. Key to our approach is the combination of a high-repetition rate, few-cycle laser source, a specially designed gas target for efficient high harmonic generation, a passively and actively stabilized pump-probe interferometer and an advanced 3D photoelectron/ion momentum detector. While most experiments in the field of attosecond science so far have been performed with either single attosecond pulses or long trains of pulses, we explore the hitherto mostly overlooked intermediate regime with short trains consisting of only a few attosecond pulses. We also present the first coincidence measurement of single-photon double-ionization of helium with full angular resolution, using an attosecond source. This opens up for future studies of the dynamic evolution of strongly correlated electrons.
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| 7. |
- Mikaelsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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A high-repetition rate attosecond light source for time-resolved coincidence spectroscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Optics and Photonics. - : De Gruyter. - 9783110710687 - 9783110709735 ; , s. 119-130
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Attosecond pulses, produced through high-order harmonic generation in gases, have been successfully used for observing ultrafast, subfemtosecond electron dynamics in atoms, molecules and solid state systems. Today's typical attosecond sources, however, are often impaired by their low repetition rate and the resulting insufficient statistics, especially when the number of detectable events per shot is limited. This is the case for experiments, where several reaction products must be detected in coincidence, and for surface science applications where space charge effects compromise spectral and spatial resolution. In this work, we present an attosecond light source operating at 200 kHz, which opens up the exploration of phenomena previously inaccessible to attosecond interferometric and spectroscopic techniques. Key to our approach is the combination of a high-repetition rate, few-cycle laser source, a specially designed gas target for efficient high harmonic generation, a passively and actively stabilized pump-probe interferometer and an advanced 3D photoelectron/ion momentum detector. While most experiments in the field of attosecond science so far have been performed with either single attosecond pulses or long trains of pulses, we explore the hitherto mostly overlooked intermediate regime with short trains consisting of only a few attosecond pulses. We also present the first coincidence measurement of single-photon dou-ble-ionization of helium with full angular resolution, using an attosecond source. This opens up for future studies of the dynamic evolution of strongly correlated electrons.
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| 8. |
- Shao, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of Using Floor Vibration to Detect Human Falls
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing aging population in modern society, falls as well as fall-induced injuries in elderly people become one of the major public health problems. This study proposes a classification framework that uses floor vibrations to detect fall events as well as distinguish different fall postures. A scaled 3D-printed model with twelve fully adjustable joints that can simulate human body movement was built to generate human fall data. The mass proportion of a human body takes was carefully studied and was reflected in the model. Object drops, human falling tests were carried out and the vibration signature generated in the floor was recorded for analyses. Machine learning algorithms including K-means algorithm and K nearest neighbor algorithm were introduced in the classification process. Three classifiers (human walking versus human fall, human fall versus object drop, human falls from different postures) were developed in this study. Results showed that the three proposed classifiers can achieve the accuracy of 100, 85, and 91%. This paper developed a framework of using floor vibration to build the pattern recognition system in detecting human falls based on a machine learning approach.
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| 9. |
- Wei, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO2 mitigation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:32, s. 12911-12915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference in Cancun, in November 2010, the Heads of State reached an agreement on the aim of limiting the global temperature rise to 2 degrees C relative to preindustrial levels. They recognized that long-term future warming is primarily constrained by cumulative anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, that deep cuts in global emissions are required, and that action based on equity must be taken to meet this objective. However, negotiations on emission reduction among countries are increasingly fraught with difficulty, partly because of arguments about the responsibility for the ongoing temperature rise. Simulations with two earth-system models (NCAR/CESM and BNU-ESM) demonstrate that developed countries had contributed about 60-80%, developing countries about 20-40%, to the global temperature rise, upper ocean warming, and sea-ice reduction by 2005. Enacting pledges made at Cancun with continuation to 2100 leads to a reduction in global temperature rise relative to business as usual with a 1/3-2/3 (CESM 33-67%, BNU-ESM 35-65%) contribution from developed and developing countries, respectively. To prevent a temperature rise by 2 degrees C or more in 2100, it is necessary to fill the gap with more ambitious mitigation efforts.
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| 10. |
- Yang, Xianzhong, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmon-exciton coupling of monolayer MoS2-Ag nanoparticles hybrids for surface catalytic reaction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials Today Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-6069. ; 5, s. 72-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical properties of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/Ag nanoparticle (NP) hybrids and their application to surface catalytic reactions were studied by transmission, photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopies. The local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag nanoparticles was tuned to better match the exciton energy of monolayer MoS2. The PL of the hybrids was enhanced by more than 50 times when the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak was tuned systematically from 438 nm to 532 nm, indicating a stronger coupling and higher energy transfer rate between the plasmon of the Ag NPs and the excitons of the MoS2. Additionally, photocatalytic reactions of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4NBT) were performed on the MoS2, the Ag nanoparticles, and the hybrid MoS2 with Ag nanoparticles. On the MoS2 substrate alone, there is no photocatalytic reaction. With a low laser intensity, the probability of a chemical reaction occurring for molecules directly adsorbed onto the Ag NPs is much lower than the probability of a reaction involving those molecules adsorbed onto the MoS2/Ag substrate. At a higher power, although the electric field was reduced by approximately 30% by the MoS2 layer, there is better efficiency for the plasmon-exciton co-driven surface catalytic reactions on the MoS2/Ag substrate compared to the Ag substrate alone. Our findings illustrate the potential to control hot carriers for better surface catalytic reactions by tuning the exciton-plasmon coupling between the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and Ag NPs.
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