| 1. |
- Gao, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with cold spells during 2000-19 : a three-stage modelling study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Planetary Health. - : Elsevier. - 2542-5196. ; 8:2, s. e108-e116
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Exposure to cold spells is associated with mortality. However, little is known about the global mortality burden of cold spells.Methods: A three-stage meta-analytical method was used to estimate the global mortality burden associated with cold spells by means of a time series dataset of 1960 locations across 59 countries (or regions). First, we fitted the location-specific, cold spell-related mortality associations using a quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed lag non-linear model with a lag period of up to 21 days. Second, we built a multivariate meta-regression model between location-specific associations and seven predictors. Finally, we predicted the global grid-specific cold spell-related mortality associations during 2000-19 using the fitted meta-regression model and the yearly grid-specific meta-predictors. We calculated the annual excess deaths, excess death ratio (excess deaths per 1000 deaths), and excess death rate (excess deaths per 100 000 population) due to cold spells for each grid across the world.Findings: Globally, 205 932 (95% empirical CI [eCI] 162 692-250 337) excess deaths, representing 3·81 (95% eCI 2·93-4·71) excess deaths per 1000 deaths (excess death ratio), and 3·03 (2·33-3·75) excess deaths per 100 000 population (excess death rate) were associated with cold spells per year between 2000 and 2019. The annual average global excess death ratio in 2016-19 increased by 0·12 percentage points and the excess death rate in 2016-19 increased by 0·18 percentage points, compared with those in 2000-03. The mortality burden varied geographically. The excess death ratio and rate were highest in Europe, whereas these indicators were lowest in Africa. Temperate climates had higher excess death ratio and rate associated with cold spells than other climate zones.Interpretation: Cold spells are associated with substantial mortality burden around the world with geographically varying patterns. Although the number of cold spells has on average been decreasing since year 2000, the public health threat of cold spells remains substantial. The findings indicate an urgency of taking local and regional measures to protect the public from the mortality burdens of cold spells.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lin, Bing, et al.
(författare)
-
A Pretreatment Workflow Scheduling Approach for Big Data Applications in Multi-cloud Environments
- 2016
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management. - 1932-4537. ; 13:3, s. 581-594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapid development of the latest distributed computing paradigm, i.e., cloud computing, generates a highly fragmented cloud market composed of numerous cloud providers and offers tremendous parallel computing ability to handle Big Data problems. One of the biggest challenges in Multi-clouds is efficient workflow scheduling. Although the workflow scheduling problem has been studied extensively, there are still very few primal works tailored for Multi-cloud environments. Moreover, the existing research works either fail to satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, or do not consider some fundamental features of cloud computing such as heterogeneity and elasticity of computing resources. In this paper, a scheduling algorithm which is called Multi-Clouds Partial Critical Paths with Pretreatment (MCPCPP) for Big Data workflows in Multi-clouds is presented. This algorithm incorporates the concept of Partial Critical Paths, and aims to minimize the execution cost of workflow while satisfying the defined deadline constraint. Our approach takes into considerations the essential characteristics of Multi-clouds such as the charge per time interval, various instance types from different cloud providers as well as homogeneous intra-bandwidth vs. heterogeneous inter-bandwidth. Various types of workflows are used for evaluation purpose and our experimental results show that the MCPCPP is promising.
|
|
| 3. |
- Pan, Yuhua, et al.
(författare)
-
Mixing time and fluid flow pattern of composition adjustment by sealed argon bubbling with ladles of large height/diameter ratio
- 1994
-
Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 34:10, s. 794-801
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a prototype installation, the mixing time and the fluid flow pattern of CAS (Composition Adjustment by Sealed argon bubbling) were studied by a water model analog simulation. The decisive criterion for this simulation was formulated as a dimensionless number Qμ/(D2σ) which can satisfactorily keep the physical similarity between model and prototype. The critical bottom blowing gas flowrate due to the existence of a slag baffle was defined and used to evaluate the reliability of the simulation. It was found from the investigation that the fluid flow behaviour of CAS is significantly different from that of the conventional ladle bottom-blow stirring. Comments on the design and operation of CAS were proposed. The optimization of CAS was recommended to be conducting the operation with both eccentric bottom blowing and eccentric slag baffle positioning by using ladles of large height/diameter ratio
|
|
