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| 2. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 3. |
- Li, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative Study of the Influence of Open Circuit Voltage Tests on State of Charge Online Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : IEEE. - 2169-3536. ; 8, s. 17535-17547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accurate state of charge (SoC) online estimation is a significant indicator that relates to driving ranges of electric vehicles (EV). The relationship between open circuit voltage (OCV) and SoC plays an important role in SoC estimation for lithium-ion batteries. To compare with the traditional incremental OCV (IO) test and the low current OCV (LO) test, a novel OCV test which combines IO test with LO test (CIL) is proposed in this paper. Based on the reliable parameters online identification of the dual polarization (DP) battery model, two SoC estimation algorithms are compared on the accuracy, robustness and convergence speed for the entire SoC region. Meanwhile, the comparative study of the three OCV-SoC relationships fits by the corresponding OCV tests is discussed in terms of the SoC online estimation under various temperatures. The results show that the adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) algorithm can better improve the accuracy and robustness of SoC estimation than that of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm. Most importantly, the OCV-SoC relationship obtains from the CIL OCV test method is applied to the AEKF algorithm, which has higher accuracy and better statistical indices of SoC estimation, especially suitable for the low temperature.
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| 4. |
- Li, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation on liquid cold plate thermal management system with heat pipes for LiFePO4 battery pack in electric vehicles
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An appropriate battery thermal management system is essential for electric vehicles to keep an optimal working temperature range with minimal temperature difference, and meanwhile to ensure the battery is more efficient and safe. In this paper, the liquid cold plate thermal management system with heat pipes is proposed to investigate the thermal characteristic of LiFePO4 battery pack during various discharge rate operations. A three-dimensional numerical model based on standard k-epsilon turbulent model is developed to realize the visible analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer for the proposed thermal management system. The 50 Ah battery module is used in the experiment to validate the cooling effects of proposed thermal management system relied on heat pipes, and its performance is compared with liquid cold plate without heat pipes. Furthermore, the cooling performance of the cold plate with heat pipes could be further improved through the orthogonal experiment design, the maximum temperature of battery cell and temperature difference of battery module could be dropped by 6.95% and 11.08%, as compared with the original design. What's more, the channel height of cold plate with heat pipes has the greatest effect on the maximum temperature of battery cells and temperature difference of battery modules.
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| 5. |
- Huang, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation on AgGaSe2 for water splitting from first-principles calculations
- 2014
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Ingår i: Europhysics letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 0295-5075 .- 1286-4854. ; 105:3, s. 37007-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of AgGaSe2 has been investigated as a photocatalyst candidate by first-principles calculation. Our results demonstrate that the band edge positions of bulk AgGaSe2 straddle the water redox potentials. From the band offset calculation, we find that Al-doping of AgGaSe2 shifts the conduction band minimum upwards, whereas Cu-doping of AgGaSe2 shifts the valence band maximum upwards. By (Ag, Cu)(Ga, Al)Se-2 alloying one can thereby tailor both the band edge positions and the band gap energy, and this effect provides an approach to optimize the band properties for overall water splitting. Moreover, AgGaSe2 forms a suitable junction with CuGaSe2 with a type-II band offset, which facilitates electron-hole separation. The AgGaSe2 and CuGaSe2 junction can be designed as a tandem photoelectrochemical device to improve the photocatalytic properties of the system.
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| 6. |
- Li, Meiying, et al.
(författare)
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An Improved Test Method of LiFePO4/Graphene Hybrid Cathode Lithium-Ion Battery and the State of Charge Estimation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage. - : ASME International. - 2381-6872 .- 2381-6910. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The state of charge (SoC) of the battery is a typical characterization of the operating state of the battery and criterion for the battery management system (BMS) control strategy, which must be evaluated precisely. The establishment of an accurate algorithm of SoC estimation is of great significance for BMS, which can help the driver judge the endurance mileage of electric vehicle (EV) correctly. In this paper, a second-order resistor-capacity (RC) equivalent circuit model is selected to characterize the electrical characteristics based on the electrochemical model of the LiFePO4/graphene (LFP/G) hybrid cathode lithium-ion battery. Moreover, seven open circuit voltage (OCV) models are compared and the best one of them is used to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the battery. It is worth mentioning that an improved test method is proposed, which is combined with least square for parameters identification. In addition, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is selected to estimate the SoC during the charging and discharging processes. The simulation results show that the EKF algorithm has the higher accuracy and rapidity than the KF algorithm.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Qing-Guo, et al.
(författare)
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Guaranteed dominant pole placement with PID controllers
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Process Control. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2771 .- 0959-1524. ; 19:2, s. 349-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pole placement is a well-established design method for linear control systems. Note however that with an output feedback controller of low-order such as the PID controller one cannot achieve arbitrary pole placement for a high-order or delay system, and then partially or hopefully, dominant pole placement becomes the only choice. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no method is available in the literature to guarantee dominance of the assigned poles in the above case. This paper proposes two simple and easy methods which can guarantee the dominance of the two assigned poles for PID control systems. They are based on root locus and Nyquist plot respectively. If a solution exists, the parametrization of all the solutions is explicitly given. Examples are provided for illustration. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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