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- Jedel, Elizabeth, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiety and depression symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with controls matched for body mass index.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Human reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2350 .- 0268-1161. ; 25:2, s. 450-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression are more prevalent in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) than in those without this disorder. Possible confounding effects of overweight and obesity are suggested. The aim was to compare symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with PCOS and controls matched for age, body weight and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Women with PCOS (n = 30) and controls (n = 30) were recruited from the community. Persons with ongoing psychotropic medication were excluded. All potential participants underwent gynecological examination to confirm case-control status. Participants completed the self-reported versions of the Brief Scale for Anxiety (BSA-S) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). RESULTS Women with PCOS had a higher BSA-S score compared with controls (median, range: 10.5, 1-24 versus 5.0, 0-28, P < 0.001). They scored higher on the following four individual symptoms: reduced sleep (2.0, 0-5 versus 0, 0-2, P < 0.001), worry (1.5, 0-4 versus 0, 0-6, P = 0.004), phobias (1, 0-4 versus 0, 0-3, P < 0.001), and pain (1, 0-3 versus 0, 0-2, P < 0.001). No statistical difference was demonstrated regarding MADRS-S scores (10.0, 0-27 versus 5.5, 0-24, P = 0.053). Only one of the nine MADRS-S symptoms, reduced sleep, which is also included in the BSA-S, differed between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Several anxiety symptoms distinguished women with PCOS from a control group matched on BMI. A better understanding of the symptoms is needed to identify and alleviate anxiety symptoms in this vulnerable group.
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| 2. |
- Jedel, Elizabeth, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Sex steroids, insulin sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity in relation to affective symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3360 .- 0306-4530. ; 36:10, s. 1470-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Affective symptoms are poorly understood in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clinical signs of hyperandrogenism and high serum androgens are key features in PCOS, and women with PCOS are more likely to be overweight or obese, as well as insulin resistant. Further, PCOS is associated with high sympathetic nerve activity. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate if self-reported hirsutism, body mass index (BMI) and waistline, circulating sex steroids, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin sensitivity and sympathetic nerve activity are associated with depression and anxiety-related symptoms in women with PCOS. DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy-two women with PCOS, aged 21-37 years, were recruited from the community. Hirsutism was self-reported using the Ferriman-Gallway score. Serum estrogens, sex steroid precursors, androgens and glucuronidated androgen metabolites were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS/LC-MS/MS) and SHBG by chemiluminiscent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Insulin sensitivity was measured with euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Sympathetic nerve activity was measured with microneurography. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were self-reported using the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S) and the Brief Scale for Anxiety (BSA-S). RESULTS: Circulating concentrations of testosterone (T) (P=0.026), free T (FT) (P=0.025), and androstane-3α 17β-diol-3glucuronide (3G) (P=0.029) were lower in women with depression symptoms of potential clinical relevance (MADR-S≥11). The odds of having a MADRS-S score ≥11 were higher with lower FT and 3G. No associations with BSA-S were noted. CONCLUSION: Lower circulating FT and 3G were associated with worse self-reported depression symptoms. The relationship between mental health, sex steroids and corresponding metabolites in PCOS requires further investigation.
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| 4. |
- Gustafson, Per, 1966
(författare)
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Arbetslöshetsförsäkringen och de arbetslösa. Resultat från en enkätundersökning. : Unemployment insurance and the unemployed: Results from an attitude study
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although there is wide agreement that unemployment is a social problem that requires public intervention, unemployment insurance and unemployment benefits are often subject to political as weIl as scientific debate. On the one hand, there is an evident need to alleviate the economic hardship of the unemployed; on the other hand, there is widespread concern that unemployment insurances are being abused, and that too generous unemployment benefits may increase unemployment This report exarnines attitudes in the Swedish aduIt population (age 16-64) with regard to unemployment in general and the unemployment insurance in particular. Data were gathered in telephone interviews with 1824 respondents during the national Labour Force Survey in May 2000. To begin with, the respondents were asked what they thought that receivers ofunemployment benefits should be prepared to do in order to get a job. According to the rules, unemployment benefit recipients were in principle obliged to accept a job even ifthat meant l) being away from home up to twelve hours a day, 2) moving to another town or region, 3) lowering their income, and 4) changing occupation. A majority of the respondents considered the first three of these conditions to be too severe. Next, the respondents were asked what they, for their own part, would be prepared to do if they should lose their job. The respondents' attitudes towards the unemployed corresponded weIl with their own reported willingness to act A number of questions about economic conditions during unemployment were also included in the survey. The results indicate a relatively strong tendency among the respondents to advocate more generous unemployment benefits. However, the response rate for these questions was relatively low, so interpretations should be made with some caution. Finally some more general questions were asked about attitudes towards the unemployed. A relatively large majority of the respondents agreed ("totally" or "part- Iy") with statements that many unemployed could find a job if they just wanted to, and that society shoulddemandmore in return trom unemploymentbenefit recipients. In addition to the general response patterns described here, the report also contains more detailed analyses that consider a number of background variables - gender, age, family situation, socio-economic status, trade union membership, experiences of employment, and perceived risk of future unemployment The results from the present study are also compared with results from a similar study made in 1999 by StatisticsSweden and the MinistryofIndustry, Employmentand Communications.
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| 5. |
- Gustafson, Per, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Att ta kontroll över resandet : Travel management och tjänsteresor med tåg
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Over the past few decades, business travel has increased substantially, with both individual and organizational consequences. Many larger companies and public authorities therefore attempt to implement policies, regulations and standardized routines for their travel. The concept of travel management describes such activities pursued on a professional basis, by employed travel managers. The purpose of this report is to investigate travel management in Sweden and, in particular, to examine business travel by train in relation to professional travel management. The report mainly draws on interviews with travel managers, but empirical data also include interviews with sales personnel at travel agencies and at SJ (the state-owned Swedish railway company), interviews with frequent business travellers, and travel policy documents. To begin with, six important tasks for a travel manager are identified: 1) developing and implementing a travel policy, 2) cooperating with a travel agency, 3) making agreements with suppliers, 4) creating standardized payment routines, 5) collecting and analyzing travel statistics, and 6) communicating and gaining support within the organization. These different tasks are then described and analyzed in some detail, and specific attention is given to how the railway as a transport system works in relation to the practice of travel management. Moreover, two separate chapters in the report examine business travel by train from the travellers’ perspective and how environmental considerations in travel management may promote travel by train.
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| 6. |
- Gustafson, Per, 1966-
(författare)
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Control and commitment in corporate travel management
- 2013
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Business and Management (RTBM). - 2210-5395 .- 2210-5409. ; 9:December, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the practice of corporate travel management, using an analytical distinction between managerial strategies based on control versus commitment. Control-oriented strategies use formal rules, surveillance and sanctions, whereas commitment-oriented strategies encourage employee involvement, responsibility and self-control. The study draws on interviews with travel managers and analysis of travel policy documents. Elements of both control- and commitment-based management were identified at all stages of the business travel process – when a decision to travel was taken, when travel and accommodation were booked, and after the trip – but to varying extents in different organizations. The balance between control and commitment was influenced by both internal and external factors. With regard to internal factors, organizational hierarchies and the professional status of both travel managers and travelers played an important role. Senior management support and corporate culture also had an impact. External factors were mainly related to the business travel market. The ‘hybrid’ character of this market, the pricing and marketing strategies of important suppliers, and the services provided by major business travel agencies often promoted control-oriented travel management. The study may inspire travel managers to reflect on and refine their concrete managerial practices as well as their broader management strategies.
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