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- Rönnberg, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Compensating for cross-reactions using avidity and computation in a suspension multiplex immunoassay for serotyping of Zika versus other flavivirus infections
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medical Microbiology and Immmunology. - : SPRINGER. - 0300-8584 .- 1432-1831. ; 206:5, s. 383-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and Asia necessitates an increased preparedness for improved maternal and perinatal health and blood safety. However, serological cross-reactions, especially to Dengue virus (DENV), complicate ZIKV antibody serodiagnosis. A novel "pan-Flavi" suspension multiplex immunoassay (PFSMIA) using 25 antigens, whole virus (WV), non-structural protein 1 (NS1), and envelope (E) proteins, from 7 zoonotic flaviviruses for specific detection of ZIKV and DENV IgM and IgG was developed. Patterns of antibody cross-reactivity, avidity, and kinetics were established in 104 sera from returning travelers with known ZIKV and DENV infections. PFSMIA gave IgM- and IgG-sensitivities for both viruses of 96-100%, compared to an immunofluorescence assay. Main IgM cross-reactions were to NS1, for IgG to the E and WV antigens. Infecting virus yielded reactivity to several antigens of the homologous virus, while cross-reactions tended to occur only to a single antigen from heterologous virus(es). A specificity-enhancing computer procedure took into account antibody isotype, number of antibody-reactive antigens per virus, avidity, average degree of cross-reactivity to heterologous flavivirus antigens, and reactivity changes in serial sera. It classified all 50 cases correctly. Applied to sera from 200 pregnant women and 173 blood donors from Sweden, one blood donor was found ZIKV NS1 IgM positive, and another as ZIKV NS1 IgG positive. These samples did not react with other ZIKV antigens and were thereby judged as false-positives. PFSMIA provided sensitive and specific ZIKV and DENV serology, warranting high-throughput serological surveillance and a minimized need for laborious and expensive virus neutralization assays.
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- Van Eck, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars II. S stars and their properties
- 2017
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- S-type stars are late-type giants whose atmospheres are enriched in carbon and s-process elements because of either extrinsic pollution by a binary companion or intrinsic nucleosynthesis and dredge-up on the thermally-pulsing asymptotic giant branch. A grid of MARCS model atmospheres has been computed for S stars, covering the range 2700 <= T-eff (K) <= 4000, 0.50 <= C/O less than or similar to 0.99, 0 <= log g <= 5, [Fe/H] = 0., -0.5 dex, and [s/Fe] = 0, 1, and 2 dex (where the latter quantity refers to the global overabundance of s-process elements). The MARCS models make use of a new ZrO line list. Synthetic spectra computed from these models are used to derive photometric indices in the Johnson and Geneva systems, as well as TiO and ZrO band strengths. A method is proposed to select the model best matching any given S star, a non-trivial operation since the grid contains more than 3500 models covering a five-dimensional parameter space. The method is based on the comparison between observed and synthetic photometric indices and spectral band strengths, and has been applied on a vast subsample of the Henize sample of S stars. Our results confirm the old claim by Piccirillo (1980, MNRAS, 190, 441) that ZrO bands in warm S stars (T-eff > 3200 K) are not caused by the C /O ratio being close to unity, as traditionally believed, but rather by some Zr overabundance. The TiO and ZrO band strengths, combined with V - K and J - K photometric indices, are used to select T-eff, C/O, [Fe/H] and [s/Fe]. The Geneva U - B1 and B2 - V1 indices (or any equivalent) are good at selecting the gravity. The defining spectral features of dwarf S stars are outlined, but none is found among the Henize S stars. More generally, it is found that, at T-eff = 3200 K, a change of C/O from 0.5 to 0.99 has a strong impact on V - K (2 mag). Conversely, a range of 2 mag in V - K corresponds to a 200 K shift along the (T-eff, V - K) relationship (for a fixed C/O value). Hence, the use of a (T-eff, V - K) calibration established forMstars will yield large errors for S stars, so that a specific calibration must be used, as provided in the present paper. Using the atmospheric parameters derived by our method for the sample of Henize S stars, we show that the extrinsic-intrinsic dichotomy among S stars reveals itself very clearly as a bimodal distribution in the e ff ective temperatures. Moreover, the increase of s-process element abundances with increasing C/O ratios and decreasing temperatures is apparent among intrinsic stars, confirming theoretical expectations.
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- Gustafsson, Bengt-Åke, 1947-
(författare)
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Branding Public Schools : On symbolic power
- 2010
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Ingår i: From Linnaeus to the future(s). - Linnaeus University Press : Linnaeus University press. - 9789186491338
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Gustafsson, Bengt-Åke
(författare)
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Symbolisk organisering : En studie av organisatorisk förändring och meningsproduktion i fyra industriföretag
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this dissertation is on organizational change in four industrial corporations. A special emphasisis placed upon the symbolic and rhetorical aspects when changing organizations. Main concepts in the study are symbolic management and management of meaning. Two main areas are discussed in the dissertation. Firstly, how the new organizational meaning is constructed or produced. Secondly, the character i.e. the contents of this new organizational meaning. The empirical material used as the foundation for the interpretations and evocations presented in the study has been collected from visits to four Swedish industrial organizations of which three are large world-wide or global industrial corporations. Although there is a great amount of Swedish influence in the ownership the headquarters of these companies moved outside Sweden during the 1970s and 1980s. The fourth company- established in the early 1980s- is still operating from Sweden and was until recently owned by the management group, comprising the founders of the company. Most of the empirical material comes from Alfa AB ( anonymously named so). The interviewing process started in 1990 and went on until the fall of 1995. Within this disseration an attempt is made to present some aspects of the process when constructing or producing organizational meaning. Also, the contents of this new organizational meaning is studied. One central issue discussed as a "finding" in the dissertation concerns the seemingly growing relevance and importance of the symbolic dimension in the new work organization. As discussed in the study this increased emphasis on the symbolic aspect relates primarily to the implementation of a process oriented work organization along with a process inspired philosophy of organizing. Within this frame of reference, physical boundaries of the organizations are becoming exchanged for more 'invisible' and virtual ones. From the managerial perspective there seems to be an increased interest in the symbolics of organizing to represent and construct organizational meaning in this 'new organizational world´. According to the study these new modern organizations increasingly seem to unfold as concepts or constructs.
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