| 1. |
- Berglund, Anna-Karin, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Nucleotide pools dictate the identity and frequency of ribonucleotide incorporation in mitochondrial DNA. : Mapping ribonucleotides in mitochondrial DNA
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 13:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous work has demonstrated the presence of ribonucleotides in human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in the present study we use a genome-wide approach to precisely map the location of these. We find that ribonucleotides are distributed evenly between the heavy- and light-strand of mtDNA. The relative levels of incorporated ribonucleotides reflect that DNA polymerase γ discriminates the four ribonucleotides differentially during DNA synthesis. The observed pattern is also dependent on the mitochondrial deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) pools and disease-causing mutations that change these pools alter both the absolute and relative levels of incorporated ribonucleotides. Our analyses strongly suggest that DNA polymerase γ-dependent incorporation is the main source of ribonucleotides in mtDNA and argues against the existence of a mitochondrial ribonucleotide excision repair pathway in human cells. Furthermore, we clearly demonstrate that when dNTP pools are limiting, ribonucleotides serve as a source of building blocks to maintain DNA replication. Increased levels of embedded ribonucleotides in patient cells with disturbed nucleotide pools may contribute to a pathogenic mechanism that affects mtDNA stability and impair new rounds of mtDNA replication.
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| 2. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for Transformative Learning for Sustainable Development : A Theoretical Review and Approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.
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| 3. |
- Sparrman, Anna, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Child Studies Multiple : Collaborative play for thinking through theories and methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Culture Unbound. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 2000-1525. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This text is an exploration of collaborative thinking and writing through theories, methods, and experiences on the topic of the child, children, and childhood. It is a collaborative written text (with 32 authors) that sprang out of the experimental workshop Child Studies Multiple. The workshop and this text are about daring to stay with mess, “un-closure” , and uncertainty in order to investigate the (e)motions and complexities of being either a child or a researcher. The theoretical and methodological processes presented here offer an opportunity to shake the ground on which individual researchers stand by raising questions about scientific inspiration, theoretical and methodological productivity, and thinking through focusing on process, play, and collaboration. The effect of this is a questioning of the singular academic ‘I’ by exploring and showing what a plural ‘I’ can look like. It is about what the multiplicity of voice can offer research in a highly individualistic time. The article allows the reader to follow and watch the unconventional trial-and-error path of the ongoing-ness of exploring theories and methods together as a research community via methods of drama, palimpsest, and fictionary.
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| 4. |
- Beach, Dennis, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Power, education, democracy and structural social relations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Differentieringens janusansikte. En antologi från Institutionen för pedagogik och specialpedagogik vid Göteborgs universitet. Inga Wernersson & Ingemar Gerrbo (red). - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 0436-1121. - 9789173467735 ; , s. 189-221
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Early career scientists in IPCC : A moderate or radical pathway towards a sustainable future?
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global knowledge assessments such as the IPCC play a key role for our understanding of climate change, as well as the direction of policy to combat it. Thus, IPCC’s assessments have a framing effect that influences the potential and direction of sustainability transformations. The IPCC has been criticized for its natural scientific dominance which has favored a narrow set of solutions that do not address the root causes of co2 emissions, such as growth. As a consequence of this criticism there have been enduring calls for the inclusion of a broader set of perspectives in the IPCC. In this paper we present two different pathways for increased inclusion and influence of the IPCC that derive from current theoretical debates. We use these two perspectives to explore IPCC introduction of early career scientists, the role they play in the organization, and how this role is to be understood in terms of creating an opportunity for institutional change and sustainability transformations. The introduction of early career scientists partly divert from IPCC’s previous strategy to reach sustainability by enrolling world leading scientists to 'speak truth to power'. The change can be seen in the light of a growing work load, but it also involves the inclusion of a new group and the opportunity to, at least partly meet the criticism regarding lack of inclusion. Empirically, the study analyze interviews, documents, and scientific journal articles. Theoretically, the study elaborate on how the socialization process can enhance deliberative capability for sustainability transformations.Implications for sustainability transformations: Global knowledge assessments does not per se result in sustainability transformations. Knowledge assessments may be organized in ways that either prevent or enable transformative changes. Due to its framing effect, a reflective and deliberate organization, execution, and use of knowledge assessments is crucial to enable future sustainability transformations.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Early-career scientists in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change : A moderate or radical path towards a deliberative future?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Sociology. - : Routledge. - 2325-1042. ; 6:3, s. 242-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been criticized for having a limited impact on policy decisions and actions. To enhance the IPCC’s impact, it has been argued that the organization needs to adopt a more inclusive assessment process. However, what that means in terms of institutional changes is contested. Two main strands are discernible in the literature: studies advocating for moderate versus radical changes. In light of these two possible pathways, this study analyzes how the new role of Chapter Scientist shapes the conditions for socialization and what implications this may have for the future direction of the IPCC’s deliberative capacity. By identifying the norms and logic that guide inclusion in the role of Chapter Scientists, the study sheds light on which path the organization is moving. The study shows how the IPCC sustains a moderate path of inclusion and deliberation, as well as illustrates how the introduction of the role of Chapter Scientists could open up the organization to more radical institutional changes, which some view as essential.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Karin M., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Intersectional boundary work in socializing new experts : The case of IPBES
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 15:1, s. 181-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expert organizations are often described as facilitators of the interactions between science and policy. In managing this boundary, they must also manage other boundaries, such as those between different knowledge systems and between different categories of actors. However, how this intersectional boundary work is performed, and what it implies, is still unexplored territory. Focusing on the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), this study contributes knowledge on the intersectionality of boundary work and how it influences the production of global policy-relevant knowledge. This is done by examining how IPBES socializes junior experts to become senior experts. This socialization process makes a number of norms and ideals visible and enables an analysis of how the know- how of boundary work is passed forward from one generation of experts to the next. The study analyzes three boundaries: between senior and junior experts, between science and policy, and between scientific knowledge and indigenous and local knowledge. The findings show how intersectional boundary work is crucial in the creation of expert organizations and policy-relevant knowledge. In the case of IPBES, this study shows how the institutionalization of the organization unintentionally has created restrictions for the boundary work between different knowledge systems.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Markers of imminent myocardial infarction
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Cardiovascular Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2731-0590.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally but is notoriously difficult to predict. We aimed to identify biomarkers of an imminent first myocardial infarction and design relevant prediction models. Here, we constructed a new case–cohort consortium of 2,018 persons without prior cardiovascular disease from six European cohorts, among whom 420 developed a first myocardial infarction within 6 months after the baseline blood draw. We analyzed 817 proteins and 1,025 metabolites in biobanked blood and 16 clinical variables. Forty-eight proteins, 43 metabolites, age, sex and systolic blood pressure were associated with the risk of an imminent first myocardial infarction. Brain natriuretic peptide was most consistently associated with the risk of imminent myocardial infarction. Using clinically readily available variables, we devised a prediction model for an imminent first myocardial infarction for clinical use in the general population, with good discriminatory performance and potential for motivating primary prevention efforts.
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| 9. |
- Hammerling, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying Food Consumption Patterns among Young Consumers by Unsupervised and Supervised Multivariate Data Analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety. - 2347-5641. ; 4:4, s. 392-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although computational multivariate data analysis (MDA) already has been employed in the dietary survey area, the results reported are based mainly on classical exploratory (descriptive) techniques. Therefore, data of a Swedish and a Danish dietary survey on young consumers (4 to 5 years of age) were subjected not only to modern exploratory MDA, but also modern predictive MDA that via supervised learning yielded predictive classification models. The exploratory part, also encompassing Swedish 8 or 11-year old Swedish consumers, included new innovative forms of hierarchical clustering and bi-clustering. This resulted in several interesting multi-dimensional dietary patterns (dietary prototypes), including striking difference between those of the age-matched Danish and Swedish children. The predictive MDA disclosed additional multi-dimensional food consumption relationships. For instance, the consumption patterns associated with each of several key foods like bread, milk, potato and sweetened beverages, were found to differ markedly between the Danish and Swedish consumers. In conclusion, the joint application of modern descriptive and predictive MDA to dietary surveys may enable new levels of diet quality evaluation and perhaps also prototype-based toxicology risk assessment.
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| 10. |
- Ingelsten, Madeleine, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Is Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Important for Graft Acceptance in Highly Sensitized Patients After Combined Auxiliary Liver-Kidney Transplantation?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337. ; 88:7, s. 911-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. In the clinical setting, transplanted liver seems to protect other grafts from the same donor from rejection. Our previous findings suggest that an auxiliary liver transplantation a few hours before a renal transplantation not only inhibits hyperacute antibody-mediated rejection but also improves long-term kidney graft survival in sensitized recipients. Here, we investigated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, as one potential mechanism for liver-induced long-term acceptance of kidney grafts. Methods. Tryptophan degradation was measured to estimate IDO activity in patient sera and cell culture supernatants with high performance liquid chromatography. Gene expression in the grafted organs and cell lysates was studied using real time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results. Tryptophan degradation increased in peripheral blood from patients undergoing combined auxiliary liver-kidney transplantation, whereas it decreased in patients after regular renal transplantation. A 100-fold increase in IDO mRNA, preceded by upregulation of the IDO-inducing cytokines tumor necrosis factor-[alpha], interleukin-1[beta], and interferon-[gamma], was observed in the transplanted organs after graft reperfusion in patients undergoing combined graft transplantation. Subsequent studies in vitro revealed that immature dendritic cells, but not hepatocytes, strongly activated IDO on maturation with tumor necrosis factor-[alpha], interleukin-1[beta], and interferon-[gamma]. Finally, serum from liver-transplanted patients elicited an even stronger IDO-activity in such cytokine-stimulated dendritic cells. Conclusions. Taken together these findings suggest that the liver-induced long-term acceptance seen in human combined auxiliary liver and kidney transplantation is at least partly mediated by IDO activity. (C) 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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