| 1. |
- Bernhard, Iréne, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A digital society for all? : Meanings, practices and policies for digital diversity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019. - Honolulu, HI, USA. - 9780998133126 ; , s. 3067-3076
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of digital divides has been on the agenda in research and policy making for at least the last 20 years. But it is still, a challenge to grasp this concept that is so elusive and transforming. Inclusion, access and equality are still key values for democratic governance and must be addressed in particular when forming and contributing to a digital government. This paper seeks to intervene in current debates on digital divides and digital inclusion by analyzing two cases of responses among street-level public administration in relation to e-government services in Sweden. The case studies are strategically chosen and conducted in national agencies and in local public libraries. Three lines of contributions are discussed, firstly thei mportance to care for equality secondly the need to seethe non-users, and thirdly to discuss the potential of putting focus on digital diversity.
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| 2. |
- Garcia, Fredrik, 1986-
(författare)
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Lokal demokrati på distans : vem tar ordet när fullmäktige blir digitala?
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis studies the differences between analogue and digital council meetings in how they are organized and how speaking times are distributed between men and women, and hard and soft issues. The study is based on Swedish municipal council meetings, which share similar features with national parliamentary meetings and seek legitimacy through meetings and debate. Perspectives on meeting sites and components are combined with a time perspective on parliamentary activity, where women's representation and formal meeting procedures are set in focus. By studying video recordings of six council meetings in three municipalities, time is used to measure components of three analogue and three digital meetings. Measures of relative speaking time or speech duration are constructed and applied to meeting structure and how women and men spend their speaking time. Findings indicate that the roles of meeting secretaries and chairmen changed when faced with new digital challenges. The meeting formality decreased in the digital meetings, which is in line with previous research. Women generally accounted for a smaller proportion of speaking time in relation to their numerical representation. They spent more of their speaking time debating soft issues, such as social care, while men spent more of their speaking time debating hard issues, such as economy and infrastructure. The findings are in line with previous research on the policy areas with which women and men most engage. In the digital meetings, differences between men and women where still observed, but less noticeable. This could be interpreted as the digital format having potential benefits for women's representation in certain circumstances. The findings have implications for the understanding on how digital parliamentary meetings strive to create legitimacy. However, more research is needed to be able to generalize beyond the specific context of this study and to understand the mechanisms that can explain differences between men's and women's speaking time. The contribution of the thesis lies primarily in the development of a new method for measuring speaking time which, in relation to previous research, presents greater robustness from a reliability and validity perspective.
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| 3. |
- Gustafsson, Mariana S., 1978-
(författare)
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Constructing security : reflections on the margins of a case study of the use of electronic identification in ICT platforms in schools
- 2014
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Ingår i: Privacy and Identity Management for Emerging Services and Technologies. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783642551369 ; , s. 224-236
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses how people construct meanings regarding “the concept of security”, based upon the descriptions collected from participants in a case study of the use of electronic identification in ICT platforms in schools. The aim of the paper is to reflect on the concept of security by identifying and analyzing how people build their own understanding of security when using ICT platforms in schools. The analysis identifies three ontological instances of security: security as an ideal state of affairs, security as a value and information security. The analysis also clarifies the difference between the objective and subjective nature of security, as well as the differences between factual and perceived information security. As a result, I raise several research questions concerning “security”, and identify common assumptions with regard to constructing the concept of security.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Mariana S., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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DigidelCenter i Motala : Lärdomar för ökad digital kompetens
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Digital delaktighet är en demokratisk rättighet. Därför är digitalt utanförskap ett demokratiskt problem när allt fler offentliga tjänster hanteras i digitala kanaler med allt från bankärenden till skolfrågor, bussturlistor och kommunal information. I FN:s Agenda 2030 för hållbar utveckling, som ligger till grund för en del av forskningen som presenteras i denna rapport, talas det om att ingen ska lämnas efter eller utanför – alla ska med. Vi tar denna uppmaning från global policy som ett riktmärke för studier av lokal praktik.I rapporten presenteras kommunens och bibliotekens roll i vår digitala omvärld. På biblioteket stöttar medarbetarna medborgarna med både informationsinhämtning och att lära sig att använda digital teknik. Biblioteksmedarbetarna arbetar också med yttrandefrihet, medie- och informationskunskap och hållbar utveckling. Vi beskriver arbetet på bibliotek för att kunna tillmötesgå såväl politiska förväntningar och lokala realiteter, som vilka kompetenser personalen behöver och hur arbetet kan organiseras. Ett syfte har även varit att sprida erfarenheter av de arbetssätt för digital delaktighet som utvecklas på DigidelCenter i Motala, till i första hand politiker och tjänstemän i Sverige. Karaktären på studierna har varit aktionsforskning där design och resultat kontinuerligt diskuteras med intresserade aktörer i kommunen och på bibliotek i samverkan, i Östergötland.I rapporten beskriver och analyserar vi arbetet på DigidelCenter i Motala kommun som en demokratisk arena. Motalas arbete har i flera sammanhang lyfts fram som en framgångsrik modell för att stödja digital inkludering, bland annat av digitaliseringsministern Peter Eriksson vid hans besök våren 2018. Det framhölls även när regeringen lanserade en satsning på flera DigidelCenter runt om i Sverige och sköt till medel för arbetet (Regeringen Pressmeddelande, 2018). Därför står arbetet på Motala bibliotek i fokus här.En utmaning här är svårigheterna att mäta digital kompetens, men även hur den kan studeras och beforskas. I policydokument finns många olika perspektiv som pendlar mellan uppfattningar om enskilda personers kompetens att vara aktiva medborgare (EU:s styrdokument/ EU, 2017?), till krav på tjänstemän och medarbetares digitala kompetens att kunna förklara för andra, visa och leda (OECD, 2017). I båda fallen handlar det om vad som händer i möten med digital teknik.Vi presenterar resultat från aktiviteter med besökare och deltagare i DigidelCenters verksamhet i form av observationer, en enkätstudie, och intervjuer med bibliotekspersonal och kommunala politiker. Dessa olika sammanhang visar på vad vi måste förstå för att tala om digital delaktighet i det offentliga, det vill säga det vi har för avsikt att studera inom forskargruppen DINO.Resultaten indikerar att arbetet med digital inkludering behöver fortsätta, samt att det handlar om mer än tillgång till teknik - kompetens är också viktigt. Resultaten från DigidelCenter i Motala visar även att personal som i sin tjänst möter människor med digitala frågor behöver både pedagogisk kompetens och kännedom om samhällets logik kring var olika e-tjänster ”hör hemma”. Dessa resultat kommer att bidra till att utveckla stöd för dem som arbetar med digital kompetens och inkludering.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Mariana S., 1978-
(författare)
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Digitalization and the Challenge of Engagement in New Forms of Governance : A case study on adoption and implementation of the Regional Digital Agenda for Östergötland, Sweden
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a case study on the adoption and implementation of a digital agenda in the Region of Östergötland, in Sweden. I aim to describe and analyze the collaborative policy network around the agenda and the challenges of engagement of key regional and local actors with it. The underlying research question for this inquiry is how can I understand better the difficulties of engaging key local and regional actors in collaborative policy networks on digitalization policies and their implementation, in conditions when administrations and politics are compelled to reform. The study analyses the type of governance network and the difficulties of engaging the different local and regional actors in a multilevel, cross-jurisdictional collaboration. The findings present and discuss challenges such as changing roles, appraisal of utility of digitalization and new collaboration that it involves, ownership of digitalization and parallel networks as hinders or catalysts. It is concluded among others that the network is a hybrid combination of policy community and issue network that really does not govern in practice and still struggles at the moment to hold together.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Mariana S., 1978-
(författare)
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Integration of RPA in Public Services : A Tension Approach to the Case of Income Support in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Service Automation in the Public Sector. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030926434 ; , s. 109-127
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this chapter is to identify and analyze key tensions in the governance, the management, and the organization of RPA-practices in public services. Key tensions will be analyzed in an agency–structure framework and using empirical data on introduction of RPA-tools in income support services in three Swedish municipalities. The analysis will be guided by two research questions: what tensions underly RPA-integration by actors in their practices; and how these tensions can be understood based on an agency–structure framework. The findings discuss issues such as coordination dilemmas in decentralized structures, different interpretations of the legal frames, standardization versus individualization logics of the profession, trust versus control mechanisms, but also elements of municipal innovation and accommodation of case processing when RPA is integrated into income support services.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Mariana S., 1978-
(författare)
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Quality and Results in Income Support: Automatization of decision and case management
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a demand for systematic assessments of actual impacts of au-tomation of decision and case management in public services. The aim of the paper is to investigate how effectiveness and quality aspects are considered in public services that are introducing automation, based the case of Income support in four Swedish municipalities. Based on empirical evidence from reported sta-tistics and qualitative interviews and observations, the study found that munici-palities using RPA scored higher on quality indicators and user satisfaction. In-crease of resource spending showed in three of the municipalities, regardless they use or not RPA. Among the qualitative effects we found mutual changes between the RPA-integration and adjustments and the organization of work and exercise of authority.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Mariana S., 1978-
(författare)
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Reassembling Local E-Government : A study of actors’ translations of digitalisation in public administration
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The digitalisation of society decidedly affects public administration. Swedish public administration has long worked with information technologies for an effective and improved management of public services. But new and increased use of information technologies in society poses new challenges. New demands on information security are increasing, while accessibility and transparency are important priorities in policies on digitalisation in public services. However, the central government’s ambitions and expectations with regard to digitalisation face a slow and hesitant implementation in local governments. There are important differences between municipalities in priorities, local needs, and implementation mechanisms in connection with e-government. In this thesis, I argue there is a need to reconsider the role of governance mechanisms in e-government. There is a need to understand local translations of national policies and technological developments in relation to the goals of more effective and legitimate public administration. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse tensions that emerge in the implementation of egovernment in local public administration. On the basis of a constructivist and interpretivist approach, I have undertaken two empirical studies. One focuses on municipal administration of education in Linköping. The other focuses on a governance network on digitalisation policy in Östergötland. The studies are presented in four papers. The issues addressed in the papers are further analysed with a focus on four fields of tension, using network governance theory and translation theory. This shows that the implementation of e-government in local public administration is a tension-laden process. The four fields of tension relate to: different logics and dilemmas for adoption and implementation; concerns and ambiguities in a context of unclear organisational and institutional arrangements; concerns and resistance from professional users; and a reassessment of the meaning of security as a reference for the interpretation of information security. I contend that established managerial and evolutionary models of e-government leave important process-related aspects out of the analysis of change in public administration. The contribution of this thesis lies in its description and analysis of the four identified fields of tension. One significant implication of my analysis is that reassembling current governance mechanisms in local public administration is crucial.
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Mariana S., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Repairment of Unstable Sociomaterial Relations: A study on librarians’ and social workers’ roles and practices in addressing the complex needs of vulnerable groups
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we address the increased digitalization of the fabric of modern welfare societies, and the expectations on individuals to be independent and digitally capable that follows from this. We focus on repairment practices aimed at repairing the lives of individuals situated in unstable sociomaterial relations in the context of social care and a public library in Sweden. The aim was to explore repairment practices in two Swedish empirical contexts: one in a municipal library setting, and one in a social service setting. The analysis was conducted with the help of the concept of repairment, understood in relation to feminist STS points of departure of relationality and entanglement of humans and non-humans. We conducted interviews and observations in these two settings and analyzed these with the help of the concept of repair. The analysis shows that in the context of social service, repairment was enacted differently in relation to different interpretations of existing legislation concerning minimal livelihoods, and that in the context of the public library repairment was enacted in relation to expectations of the library visitors to become digitally independent. We also relate these repairment practices to the current pandemic.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Mariana, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Safe on-line e-services building legitimacy for e- government : A case study of public e-services in education in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: eJournal of eDemocracy & Open Government. - Krems, Austria : Donau-Universitaet Krems. - 2075-9517. ; 5:2, s. 155-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increased use of public e-services integrating citizens into public administration through electronic interfaces. On-line interaction among public organizations and citizens is one core relation in e-government that hereby becomes embedded into daily practices. A safe entry into e-governmental systems is essential for security and trust in the e-governmental systems and schools as well as public services in general. This paper addresses how electronic identification has been used for access to public e-services in schools in a Swedish municipality. This paper draws on a case study of use of ICT platforms in education administration in order to study the implementation of secure login process and factors that may have implications upon trust in-and legitimacy of public e-services at local e-government level. Besides describing the implementation process and analyzing security and organizational arrangements connected to the use of the platform, the paper address the argument that secure identification tools are essential for increased use of e-services and lead to greater legitimacy of the public (e)services. The analysis focuses on information security, organization set-up and potential development of the platforms, contributing with empirical findings and conceptual applications. A key finding was that the organization of identification and access to public e-services seemed highly dependent of the organizational structure of the public schools. The more general implication of the findings was that safe and well organized identification systems that were considered as trustworthy and useful among citizens were essential for increased use of the services and legitimate public e-services in general.
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