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| 2. |
- Afanasev, Andrei, et al.
(författare)
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Radiative corrections : from medium to high energy experiments
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - 1434-6001. ; 60:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiative corrections are crucial for modern high-precision physics experiments, and are an area of active research in the experimental and theoretical community. Here we provide an overview of the state of the field of radiative corrections with a focus on several topics: lepton–proton scattering, QED corrections in deep-inelastic scattering, and in radiative light-hadron decays. Particular emphasis is placed on the two-photon exchange, believed to be responsible for the proton form-factor discrepancy, and associated Monte-Carlo codes. We encourage the community to continue developing theoretical techniques to treat radiative corrections, and perform experimental tests of these corrections.
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| 3. |
- Amin, Reshma, et al.
(författare)
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Hypertonic saline improves the LCI in paediatric patients with CF with normal lung function.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 1468-3296 .- 0040-6376. ; 65:5, s. 379-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sensitive outcome measures to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with mild lung disease are currently lacking. Our objective was to study the ability of the lung clearance index (LCI), a measure of ventilation inhomogeneity, to detect a treatment response to hypertonic saline inhalation in paediatric patients with CF with normal spirometry. METHODS In a crossover trial, 20 patients with CF received 4 weeks of hypertonic saline (HS) and isotonic saline (IS) in a randomised sequence separated by a 4 week washout period. The primary end point was the change in the LCI due to HS versus IS. RESULTS Baseline characteristics including the LCI were not significantly different between both study periods. Four weeks of twice-daily HS inhalation significantly improved the LCI compared with IS (1.16, 95% CI 0.26 to 2.05; p=0.016), whereas other outcome measures such as spirometry and quality of life failed to reach statistical significance. Randomisation order had no significant impact on the treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS The LCI, but not spirometry was able to detect a treatment effect from HS inhalation in patients with CF with mild disease and may be a suitable tool to assess early intervention strategies in this patient population. Clinical trial number NCT00635141.
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| 4. |
- Björgvinsson, Erling, et al.
(författare)
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Prototyping Futures
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Prototyping Futures gives you a glimpse of what collaborating with academia might look like. Medea and its co-partners share their stories about activities happening at the research centre – projects, methods, tools, and approaches – what challenges lie ahead, and how these can be tackled. Examples of highlighted topics include: What is a living lab and how does it work? What are the visions behind the Connectivity Lab at Medea? And, how can prototyping-methods be used when sketching scenarios for sustainable futures? Other topics are: What is the role of the body when designing technology? What is collaborative media and how can this concept help us understand contemporary media practices? Prototyping Futures also discusses the open-hardware platform Arduino, and the concepts of open data and the Internet of Things, raising questions on how digital media and connected devices can contribute to more sustainable lifestyles, and a better world.
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| 5. |
- Bonnet, Timothee, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variance in fitness indicates rapid contemporary adaptive evolution in wild animals
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 376:6596, s. 1012-1016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rate of adaptive evolution, the contribution of selection to genetic changes that increase mean fitness, is determined by the additive genetic variance in individual relative fitness. To date, there are few robust estimates of this parameter for natural populations, and it is therefore unclear whether adaptive evolution can play a meaningful role in short-term population dynamics. We developed and applied quantitative genetic methods to long-term datasets from 19 wild bird and mammal populations and found that, while estimates vary between populations, additive genetic variance in relative fitness is often substantial and, on average, twice that of previous estimates. We show that these rates of contemporary adaptive evolution can affect population dynamics and hence that natural selection has the potential to partly mitigate effects of current environmental change.
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| 6. |
- Do, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1345-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
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| 7. |
- Godman, Brian, et al.
(författare)
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Dabigatran - a continuing exemplar case history demonstrating the need for comprehensive models to optimize the utilization of new drugs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1663-9812. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are potential conflicts between authorities and companies to fund new premium priced drugs especially where there are effectiveness, safety and/or budget concerns. Dabigatran, a new oral anticoagulant for the prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), exemplifies this issue. Whilst new effective treatments are needed, there are issues in the elderly with dabigatran due to variable drug concentrations, no known antidote and dependence on renal elimination. Published studies showed dabigatran to be cost-effective but there are budget concerns given the prevalence of AF. These concerns resulted in extensive activities pre- to post-launch to manage its introduction. Objective: To (i) review authority activities across countries, (ii) use the findings to develop new models to better manage the entry of new drugs, and (iii) review the implications based on post-launch activities. Methodology: (i) Descriptive review and appraisal of activities regarding dabigatran, (ii) development of guidance for key stakeholder groups through an iterative process, (iii) refining guidance following post launch studies. Results: Plethora of activities to manage dabigatran including extensive pre-launch activities, risk sharing arrangements, prescribing restrictions and monitoring of prescribing post launch. Reimbursement has been denied in some countries due to concerns with its budget impact and/or excessive bleeding. Development of a new model and future guidance is proposed to better manage the entry of new drugs, centering on three pillars of pre-, pen-, and post-launch activities. Post-launch activities include increasing use of patient registries to monitor the safety and effectiveness of new drugs in clinical practice. Conclusion: Models for introducing new drugs are essential to optimize their prescribing especially where concerns. Without such models, new drugs may be withdrawn prematurely and/or struggle for funding.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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A tetrameric copper(I) alkoxide with a pi-tethered ligand: 2-allyl-6-methylphenoxocopper(I)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - 0022-328X. ; 649:2, s. 204-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex 2-allyl-6-methylphenoxocopper(I) has been prepared by reaction between mesitylcopper(I) and 2-allyl-6-methylphenol. Crystallographic studies show that the compound is tetrameric with a distorted cubane-type copper(I)-oxygen core, and with additional pi-coordination of the ligand to copper through the alkene functionality (nu(C=C)=1520 cm(-1)). The ligands thus act both as chelates and as bridges between adjacent copper(l) centres. Copper(l) exhibits trigonal pyramidal coordination geometry with Cu-C distances to the C=C group of 1.976(9) and 2.017(11) Angstrom and Cu-O distances of 1.973(6), 2.021(6) and 2.577(6) Angstrom, respectively.
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| 9. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Complexes between copper(I) chloride and polydentate aromatic amines
- 2003
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Ingår i: Inorganica Chimica Acta. - 0020-1693. ; 350, s. 209-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two compounds containing polydentate aromatic amines have been prepared and characterised by means of crystal structure determination. Compound 1, catena-mu-chloro-mu-1,4-phenylenediamine-(acetonitrile)copper(I), is an infinite polymeric chain in which copper(I) is bridged alternately by the amine and by chloride. Compound 2, bis[tris(4-aminophenyl)amine](acetonitrile)chlorocopper(l), is a discrete monomer, neutral monomeric complexes being unusual among aminochlorocopper(I) compounds. Moreover. 2 would seem to be the first metal complex containing tris(4-aminophenyl)amine as a ligand whose structure has been determined. copper(I) exhibits distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry in both complexes. Whereas 1 decomposes owing to loss of acetonitrile solvent immediately on exposure to the atmosphere, 2 is far more resistant to decomposition, the solvent molecule being protected by intramolecular and intermolecular pockets formed by the phenyl groups of the triphenylamine ligand.
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| 10. |
- Gustafsson, Björn, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Complexes between copper(I) halides and 1,2-phenylenediamine
- 2005
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Ingår i: Inorganica Chimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1693. ; 358, s. 1327-1330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two copper(I) compounds containing 1,2-phenylenediamine have been prepared and characterised by means of crystal structure determination. The compounds catena-μ-1,2-phenylenediamine(acetonitrile)chlorocopper(I) (1) and catena-μ-1,2-phenylenediamine(acetonitrile)bromocopper(I) (2) are isostructural, bridging to form polymeric chains being effected solely by the aromatic amine and not by halide. Copper(I) exhibits distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry in both complexes. The chains are interconnected to form layers through short intermolecular XH interactions of 2.32.6 , involving amine hydrogen atoms and the terminal chloride or bromide bonded to copper(I). Neither compound is prone to decomposition by loss of the acetonitrile ligand, the reason for this being apparent from inspection of their crystal structures.
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