| 1. |
- Artman, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Effektiv miljötillsyn : slutrapport
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Målsättningen har varit att ta fram ny kunskap inom miljötillsynen och därigenom uppnå en effektivare miljötillsyn samt att få in nya vetenskapliga perspektiv på miljötillsyn.I rapporten studeras metoder för inspektioner och det kommunikativa samspelet mellan inspektören och företrädare för den verksamhet som inspekteras, hur den institutionella ramen för inspektionsprocessen fungerar samt visar på möjligheter att mäta effekterna av inspektioner och tillsyn.Naturvårdsverket kommer att ha resultatet som ett kunskapsunderlag i fortsatt arbete med tillsynsvägledning och utveckling av hur tillsyn och tillsynsvägledning kan följas upp och utvärderas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Brundin, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Bilateral caudate and putamen grafts of embryonic mesencephalic tissue treated with lazaroids in Parkinson's disease
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Brain. - 1460-2156. ; 123, s. 1380-1390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five parkinsonian patients were transplanted bilaterally into the putamen and caudate nucleus with human embryonic mesencephalic tissue from between seven and nine donors. To increase graft survival, the lipid peroxidation inhibitor tirilazad mesylate was administered to the tissue before implantation and intravenously to the patients for 3 days thereafter. During the second postoperative year, the mean daily L-dopa dose was reduced by 54% and the UPDRS (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) motor score in 'off' phase was reduced by a mean of 40%. At 10-23 months after grafting, PET showed a mean 61% increase of 6-L-[(18)F]fluorodopa uptake in the putamen, and 24% increase in the caudate nucleus, compared with preoperative values. No obvious differences in the pattern of motor recovery were observed between these and other previously studied cases with putamen grafts alone. The amount of mesencephalic tissue implanted in each putamen and caudate nucleus was 42 and 50% lower, respectively, compared with previously transplanted patients from our centre. Despite this reduction in grafted tissue, the magnitudes of symptomatic relief and graft survival were very similar. These findings suggest that tirilazad mesylate may improve survival of grafted dopamine neurons in patients, which is in agreement with observations in experimental animals.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Gustavii, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
First-trimester diagnosis on chorionic villi obtained by direct vision technique
- 1984
-
Ingår i: Human Genetics. - 1432-1203. ; 65:4, s. 373-376
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An improved technique for direct vision chorionic biopsy that gives a clear view of the amniotic sac was developed. With this technique, used in 48 women prior to vacuum aspiration and in six cases for diagnosis (karyotyping or enzyme analysis), it was possible to obtain chorionic villi free from contamination by maternal tissue. It was also possible to pick out villi (rich in blood vessels and with abundant buds on their surface) found to be most capable of growing in vitro. In the diagnostic cases, the pregnancies have continued uneventfully since the sampling; one pregnancy is now in the 32nd week.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Gustavii, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Transabdominal chorionic villi sampling
- 1986
-
Ingår i: Contributions to Gynecology and Obstetrics. - 0304-4246. ; 15, s. 41-44
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindvall, O, et al.
(författare)
-
Grafts of fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in Parkinson's disease
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 247:4942, s. 7-574
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neural transplantation can restore striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in animal models of Parkinson's disease. It has now been shown that mesencephalic dopamine neurons, obtained from human fetuses of 8 to 9 weeks gestational age, can survive in the human brain and produce marked and sustained symptomatic relief in a patient severely affected with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The grafts, which were implanted unilaterally into the putamen by stereotactic surgery, restored dopamine synthesis and storage in the grafted area, as assessed by positron emission tomography with 6-L-[18F]fluorodopa. This neurochemical change was accompanied by a therapeutically significant reduction in the patient's severe rigidity and bradykinesia and a marked diminuation of the fluctuations in the patient's condition during optimum medication (the "on-off" phenomenon). The clinical improvement was most marked on the side contralateral to the transplant.
|
|
| 8. |
- Wenning, Gregor K, et al.
(författare)
-
Short- and long-term survival and function of unilateral intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts in Parkinson's disease
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 42:1, s. 95-107
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with Parkinson's disease were followed for 10 to 72 months after human embryonic mesencephalic tissue from four to seven donors was grafted unilaterally into the putamen (4 patients) or putamen plus caudate (2 patients). After 8 to 12 months, positron emission tomography showed a 68% increase of 6-L-[18F]-fluorodopa uptake in the grafted putamen, no change in the grafted caudate, and minor decreases in nongrafted striatal regions. There was therapeutically valuable improvement in 4 patients, but only modest changes in the other 2, both of whom developed atypical features. Patient 4 was without L-dopa from 32 months and had normal fluorodopa uptake in the grafted putamen at 72 months. Overall, the L-dopa dose was reduced by a mean of 10 and 20%, "off" time was reduced by 34 and 44%, and the "off" phase Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score by 18 and 26%, and the duration of the response to a single L-dopa dose increased by 45 and 58% during the first and second years after surgery, respectively. Rigidity and hypokinesia improved bilaterally, but mainly contralateral to the implant. No consistent changes in dyskinesias were observed. We conclude that transplantation of embryonic mesencephalic tissue leads to highly reproducible survival of dopaminergic neurons, inducing clinically valuable improvements in most recipients.
|
|
| 9. |
- Widner, H, et al.
(författare)
-
Bilateral fetal mesencephalic grafting in two patients with parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
- 1992
-
Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793. ; 327:22, s. 63-1556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Intracerebral transplantation of fetal dopaminergic neurons is a promising new approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Patients with parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) have a relatively stable lesion limited to the nigrostriatal system, rendering them ideal candidates for transplantation. Improvement of motor function after neural grafting has previously been observed in nonhuman primates with MPTP-induced parkinsonism.METHODS: We grafted human fetal tissue from the ventral mesencephalon (obtained six to eight weeks after conception) bilaterally to the caudate and putamen in two immunosuppressed patients with severe MPTP-induced parkinsonism, using a stereotaxic technique. The patients were assessed regularly with clinical rating scales, timed tests of motor performance, and [18F]fluorodopa positron-emission tomography during the 18 months before the operation and the 22 to 24 months after the operation.RESULTS: Both patients had substantial, sustained improvement in motor function and became much more independent. Postoperatively, the second patient's maintenance dose of levodopa was decreased to 150 mg daily, which was 30 percent of the original dose. Striatal uptake of fluorodopa was unchanged 5 to 6 months postoperatively but was markedly and bilaterally increased at 12 to 13 and 22 to 24 months in both patients, closely paralleling the patients' clinical improvement. There were no serious complications.CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral implantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue can induce substantial long-term functional improvement in patients with parkinsonism and severe dopamine depletion and is accompanied by increased uptake of fluorodopa by the striatum. The results in these patients resemble those obtained in MPTP-treated primates and suggest that this will be a useful model for the assessment of transplantation therapies in Parkinson's disease.
|
|
