| 1. |
- Jønland Højsgaard, Trine, 1968-
(författare)
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Reframed Identity : Red Cross nurses' identity formation between 1945 and 1977
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim is to explore the construction of nurse identity at the Red Cross Nursing School (RCNS) in Sweden, between 1945 and 1977, when nursing became part of the system of higher education in Sweden. Occupational identity is understood as a construct both of social learning and of a self-image. The empirical data consist of documents from the Red Cross Archive concerning the training of nurses and of interviews with nurses trained during the studied period. A hermeneutical interpretative method has been used. The result showed that the period studied was divided into two different phases. The first phase between 1945 and the end of the 1960s, is called the post war phase. The following phase, from the 1960s until 1977, is called the reform friendly phase. RCNS was in the post war phase a kind of total institution, based on a particular belonging to a very special and highly respected social community, reinforced by the student nurses being dressed in the same uniform and living under the same strong authority in a quite homogeneous group. The training was an introduction to a life-long membership in the total Red Cross Nurse community. This community was in the reform friendly phase challenged by diverse external changes in society. Within a period of approximately ten years, much came to be questioned, and many previously important customs and habits were abandoned. The total community started to dilute, and the lives of students changed gradually passing to a social arrangement where they slept, lived and worked in different places with different people under different authorities. The total community was impossible to modernise, built as it was on pre-modern values and hierarchies. This led to a breakdown of the traditional Red Cross nurse identity based on honour, where they were first of all Red Cross sisters. While the uniform occupational identity was challenged, more and more nurses combined family and work. This meant that their self-identities became more multidimensional. The key to our understanding of the Red Cross nursing education and the shift that took place in the late 1960s is thus to be found in the transformation of the internal collective, where nurses no longer lived and 2 learnt the traditional Red Cross codes of honour and conduct. Gradually, nurse training was integrated into higher education. This was a major reframing of the occupational identity formation, from specially selected Red Cross nurse students being trained into a total community of experienced Red Cross nurses, to an academic education of professional nurses.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Anders, 1985-
(författare)
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Industrial policy : Political considerations, payoffs, and peculiar incentives
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of four independent papers. They deal with some aspects of industrial policy, namely public supports to firms that are intended to support innovation and growth at the firm level, using Swedish data. Two papers study the efficiency of current Swedish policies by estimating the effects of subsidies and public loans to firms, respectively.The results on subsidized firms suggests that there are some positive effects on profits and productivity, but these diminish and disappear over time. The results of public loans are more positive with long lasting effects on productivity and sales but only for smaller firms. Public loans do not lead to an increase in the number of employees in the firms that receive them.The third paper studies the selection of firms for subsidies and the incentives firms have to seek them. By modeling the decision to seek subsidies as a trade off between producing in the market and seeking grants, the results suggest that firms with low market productivity might self-select into seeking grants. The empirical results are in line with the theoretical predictions.The final paper studies the incentives that politicians have to implement programs and policies that they know will be inefficient. Since a lack of political action can make the politicians look incompetent, incumbentens have incentives to implement policies even though they know that these will be ineffective, to signal competence towards the voters.
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| 3. |
- Thörne, Karin, 1957-
(författare)
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Läkare, lärande och interaktion i hälso-och sjukvårdspraktiker
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bakgrund: Komplexiteten i hälso- och sjukvården blir kontinuerligt större, liksom möjligheterna till diagnostik och behandling. Samtidigt pressas hälso- och sjukvården av förändringar i demografier och sjukdomspanoraman, olika uttryck för globalisering och tillämpning av nya teknologier. Ett omfattande antal olika professioner förväntas genomföra och utveckla det dagliga arbetet med ännu mer involvering av patienter. Vi behöver mer kunskap om hur lärande sker och hur det underlättas och utvecklas i dagligt hälso- och sjukvårdsarbete för att kunna möta förändringar och utmaningar. Syfte: Avhandlingens övergripande syfte är att fördjupa kunskap och förståelse om pedagogiska processer och lärande i hälso- och sjukvårdspraktiker, med särskilt fokus på läkare. Metoder: Intervjustudier och fältstudie med interaktiv forskningsansats gav data med både bredd och djup från autentiskt hälso- och sjukvårdsarbete. I pågående hälso- och sjukvårdsarbete studerades läkare, vårdgivare i andra professioner, patienter, redskap som användes och praktikens rumsliga utformning. Data analyserades genom både kulturella och sociomateriella praktikteoretiska linser, vilket möjliggjorde att flera dimensioner av lärande och interaktion i hälso- och sjukvårdspraktiker kunde spåras. Fynd: I arbetet med patienter agerade läkare och andra professioner pedagogiskt med eller utan intentioner, i pedagogiska processer som bestod av att avläsa-färdrikta-lärstödja. Den pedagogiska dimensionen av arbetet var inte synliggjord eller diskuterad i relation till patientarbetet. Dynamiskt inbäddat i arbetet lärde och stöttade läkare också yngre läkares och andra vårdgivares lärande. Läkarnas mobilitet i olika vårdsammanhang, såväl som ansvarsfördelning och delande av olika perspektiv, hade betydelse för vilket lärande som uppstod. Genom att betrakta specifika vårdsammanhang som hälso- och sjukvårdspraktiker under utövning, framträdde vid studiet av en rondmodell både samskapande lärande ronder och operativa ronder med begränsat lärande. Det framträdde genom sättet som deltagande personer, rumsliga och materiella förhållande samspelade på, som ömsesidigt utbyte respektive separata individuella arbetsprocesser. Samspelet mellan hälso- och sjukvårdspraktikers arrangemang (praktikarkitekturer) och genomförande snarare begränsade än underlättade underläkares lärandepraktiker. Underläkarnas arbete hade inte kontinuitet, koherens eller progression för att bredden av kunnande i medicinsk praktiskt arbete skulle kunna utvecklas bra. Implikationer: Att förstå och synliggöra lärande i hälso- och sjukvårdens dagliga arbete genom att gemensamt prata om pedagogiska dimensioner i det arbete som pågår, kan utveckla lärande och lärstödjande ageranden. Samskapande lärande hälso- och sjukvårdspraktiker där alla deltagande gruppers behov och uppdrag medräknas, har implikationer på underläkares kompetensutveckling, studenters lärande, patienters involvering i sin vård och interprofessionellt och interdisciplinärt samarbete. Det ger också ledare möjlighet att knyta arbete med förbättringar av vårdens kvalitetet och säkerhet till dagligt vårdarbete.
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| 4. |
- Adams Lyngbäck, Liz, 1966-
(författare)
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Experiences, networks and uncertainty : parenting a child who uses a cochlear implant
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation project is to describe the ways people experience parenting a deaf child who uses a cochlear implant. Within a framework of social science studies of disability this is done by combining approaches using ethnographic and netnographic methods of participant observation with an interview study. Interpretations are based on the first-person perspective of 19 parents against the background of their related networks of social encounters of everyday life. The netnographic study is presented in composite conversations building on exchanges in 10 social media groups, which investigates the parents’ meaning-making in interaction with other parents with similar living conditions. Ideas about language, technology, deafness, disability, and activism are explored. Lived parenting refers to the analysis of accounts of orientation and what 'gets done' in respect to these ideas in situations where people utilize the senses differently. In the results, dilemmas surrounding language, communication and cochlear implantation are identified and explored. The dilemmas extend from if and when to implant, to decisions about communication modes, intervention approaches, and schools. An important finding concerns the parents’ orientations within the dilemmas, where most parents come up against antagonistic conflicts. There are also examples found of a development process in parenting based on lived, in-depth experiences of disability and uncertainty which enables parents to transcend the conflictive atmosphere. This process is analyzed in terms of a social literacy of dis/ability.
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| 5. |
- Månsson, Niclas, 1965-
(författare)
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Negativ socialisation : Främlingen i Zygmunt Baumans författarskap
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this dissertation I address the question of why some social groups classify some people and groups as strangers. To answer the question I focus the stranger in the writings of the Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman.According to Bauman, the social construction of the stranger cannot be compared with the asymmetrical relation between an in-group and an out-group. An in-group stands for friends and proximity. It considers the out-group as the enemy at a distance. The hierarchical and a reciprocal relationship that exists between the in-group and the out-group is a part of the social order. The stranger, on the other hand, is constructed in the ambivalent position between the in-group and the out-group. Since there is no room for the stranger in an orderly world she has to be dealt with in a way that keeps the world free from incongruity.Since Bauman considers the moral consequence of cultural classification, his work is also relevant for the question of living with the stranger. Leaving the Occidental rational tradition in favour of a phenomenological tradition, Bauman offers a view that considers the encounter with the stranger as a moral meeting. Highlighting responsibility, instead of social arrangements, law or tradition, Bauman visualises the stranger as a moral subject and not as aparticular social type, one who is constantly out of placeThe theoretical considerations of the social making of the stranger, and the moral understanding of living for the stranger, contribute to a deeper understanding about the institutional origins of social marginalisation and cultural exclusion.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Angela, 1961-
(författare)
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Gränsvakter : Tankestilar och sortering vid rekrytering av personal i sex kommuner
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation is about the selection process taking place in connection with the recruitment of staff. My interest in this question stems from two problems, on the one hand the extensive discrimination on the Swedish labour market that affects people due to their origin, and on the other hand, the major efforts that are made to further integration on the labour market. So far we have not seen any substantial effect of these efforts. It’s a complex problem.Research that deals with the ethnic belonging of people and its importance when they are seeking employment shows that discrimination often is the outcome of unreflected processes that contribute to sorting out various categories of applicants. It is on this aspect of exclusion this study focuses.The main question is: How can practices of staff recruitment help us understand processes of exclusion on the labour market? Focus is on employers that are seeking to hire staff and their line of argument when they are selecting persons for employment.The study is based on written material such as advertising, applications for work, written comments on applications and data that are collected during observation and in talks with employers and staff from six municipalities. The sociology of knowledge has been my theoretical inspiration.The analysis shows that organisations have a fairly clear comprehension of what people they want in terms of qualifications and experience, and that choices are led by more or less predictable norms, regulations and routines. In other words, applicants who do not meet the expectations of the organisations will be excluded. Organisations are run permeated by certain styles of thought that determine their (institutionalized) actions and patterns which justify their selection. These styles of thought function as gatekeepers.
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| 7. |
- Bek, Anders, 1969-
(författare)
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Undervisning och reflektion : Om undervisning och förutsättningar för studenters reflektion mot bakgrund av teorier om erfarenhetslärande
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to explore how teaching can be described by the use of experiential learning theory, focusing on the conditions for students’ reflection. The questions are: How can experiential learning theory and theory about reflection be adapted for analysis and description of teaching? How can a concrete teaching practice be analyzed and described by the use of such theory? What conditions for different levels of reflection do different ways of teaching create? In this observational study, the researcher has followed police students at Umeå University during their first semester of study. Lessons were documented using field notes and video camera. The teachers were interviewed about their views on teaching, and a group of students were interviewed about how they perceived the teaching. Based on Kolb’s experiential learning model (Kolb 1984), a new model for analyzing and describing teaching, named MABU, was developed and used as an analytical tool. MABU describes teaching by identifying and naming four new types of teaching, each of which is a combination of a type of content and a way of processing it: Formulation, Discussion, Application and Exercise. The main tendency is that teaching predominantly consisted of Formulation and Discussion, with an emphasis on theoretical content, processed through verbal activities such as group discussions. However, the studied teaching also included practical content and activities. Instances of student reflection were graded using Moon’s model for grading reflection (Moon2004:214ff). The results show that in most cases, concrete content is processed through organized reflective activities such as discussions, while theoretical content is frequently presented without any subsequent processing activities. In 20 % of the observed lessons, articulated student reflection on deeper levels took place. The teaching during these lessons was subject to further analysis, focusing on four aspects: the presence of interactive activities and a “problem” to stimulate reflection (cf. Dewey 1998/1933); how students’ previous experiences are treated, and whether lesson content is related to the students, their experiences and future, thereby facilitating the creation of what Dewey calls“interest” (Dewey 1975/1913); how emotions are evoked, used and dealt with; and teacher performance, in terms of communicative techniques and how the teacher gives a sense of “personhood” (Brookfield 2006:71). The results show that content is consistently related to the students, their views, values and future profession. However, although the teachers stress the importance of students reflecting critically on previous experiences, these were seldom addressed during the lessons. Based on detailed analysis and rich description of teaching, the study suggests a number of teacher actions and behaviors that stimulate and deepen student reflection, and others that seem to inhibit reflective activity.
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| 8. |
- Ekstam, David, 1988-
(författare)
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The Socialization of Intergroup Attitudes : The Problem of Generations
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis regards long-term aggregate trends in intergroup attitudes and the individual-level mechanisms that underlie change and continuity on the aggregate-level. The thesis focusses primarily on attitudes toward homosexuality in the North American context and attitudes toward immigration in the European context. I approach these subjects from a political socialization perspective, which emphasizes the importance of early-life experiences for the development of political orientations. From this perspective, the expectation is that aggregate-level value change is principally driven by generational replacement.The thesis is comprised of three separate research papers. In the first paper, I address the conflicting findings of prior age-period-cohort studies of long-term change in American attitudes toward homosexuality. The paper demonstrates that the conflicting findings of previous research essentially are a product of different studies using different analytical constraints in order to ensure model identification in the face of the identification problem that exists in age-period-cohort analysis. While this identification problem impedes clear-cut inference with regard to linear cohort effects, I nevertheless propose that generational replacement has been an important factor behind the liberal shift in American public opinion on homosexuality over the past few decades. In the second paper, I examine the lifespan developmental trajectory of attitudes toward homosexuality by the means of American panel data. The paper demonstrates that attitudes toward homosexuality are highly stable on the individual-level but also that attitude stability increases across the human lifespan, which suggest that this kind of attitudes are primarily formed early in life. In the third paper, I look at generational differences in the relationship between education and anti-immigrant sentiment. The paper demonstrates that this relationship has increased in strength across cohorts born over the 20th century in most Western European countries. Importantly, this cross-generational trend has been driven mainly by the highly educated strata of the population. This suggests that the capacity of educational institutions to reduce negative outgroup attitudes through socialization increases as a democratic regime consolidates over time.
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| 9. |
- Gustavsson, Caroline, 1975-
(författare)
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Existentiella konfigurationer : Om hur förståelsen av livet tar gestalt i ett socialt sammanhang
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis contributes to the research field of education, or more specific to the field of religious education. The aim of the thesis is to interpret how young adults of today describe and understand their lives, with a specific focus on existential themes, and furthermore, to develop useful concepts that can help us understand individual meaning-making in a social and cultural context.The meaning-making of young people and how they explore and develop their understanding is, in the thesis, seen both as an individual process and at the same time something socially shared. The theoretical understanding of the social context takes its point of departure in Berger and Luckmann’s theory about the social construction of reality. The methodological approach is empirical and the study is based on 21 deep-interviews with men and women between 19-29 years old. Their statements are analyzed using a hermeneutic - interpretive method.The thesis gives a picture of the young adults’ understanding of death and the meaning of life. But the study also addresses vital existential themes for the young adults around the questions: who am I, what do I want to choose and where am I heading. Still another important theme is insecurity. One important contribution of the thesis is the development of new concepts that describe the young adults’ understanding of their lives, in terms of personal and shared configurations. In the material I have seen three different kinds of shared configurations and I speak of those in terms of: life-views, taken for granted perspectives and institutions. The dynamics that the personal configurations give examples of can be understood both in light of the shared configurations but also in light of the personal agency that the young adults show signs of.
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| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Marie, 1974-
(författare)
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Studies of Intracellular Transport and Anticancer Drug Action by Functional Genomics in Yeast
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes the use of functional genomics screens in yeast to study anticancer drug action and intracellular transport. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a particularly useful model system for global drug screens, due to the availability of knockout mutants for all yeast genes. A complete collection of yeast deletion mutants was screened for sensitivity to monensin, a drug that affects intracellular transport. A total of 63 deletion mutants were recovered, and most of them were in genes involved in transport beyond the Golgi. Surprisingly, none of the V-ATPase subunits were identified. Further analysis showed that a V-ATPase mutant interacts synthetically with many of the monensin-sensitive mutants. This suggests that monensin may act by interfering with the maintenance of an acidic pH in the late secretory pathway. The second part of the thesis concerns identification of the underlying causes for susceptibility and resistance to the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In a functional genomics screen for 5-FU sensitivity, 138 mutants were identified. Mutants affecting tRNA modifications were particularly sensitive to 5-FU. The cytotoxic effect of 5-FU is strongly enhanced in these mutants at higher temperature, which suggests that tRNAs are destabilized in the presence of 5-FU. Consistent with this, higher temperatures also potentiate the effect of 5-FU on wild type yeast cells. In a plasmid screen, five genes were found to confer resistance to 5-FU when overexpressed. Two of these genes, CPA1 and CPA2 encode the two subunits of the arginine-specific carbamoyl-phosphate synthase. The three other genes, HMS1, YAE1 and YJL055W are partially dependent on CPA1 and CPA2 for their effects on 5-FU resistance. The specific incorporation of [14C]5-FU into tRNA is diminished in all overexpressor strains, which suggest that they may affect the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.
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