| 1. |
- Adermon, Adrian, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Job Polarization and Task-Biased Technological Change : Evidence from Sweden, 1975–2005
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 117:3, s. 878-917
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper shows that between 1975 and 2005, Sweden exhibited a pattern of job polarization with expansions of the highest and lowest paid jobs compared to middle-wage jobs. The most popular explanation for such a pattern is the hypothesis of ‘task-biased technological change’, where technological progress reduces the demand for routine middle-wage jobs but increases the demand for non-routine jobs located at the tails of the job-wage distribution. Our estimates, however, do not support this explanation for the 1970s and 1980s. Stronger evidence for task biased technological change, albeit not conclusive, is found for the 1990s and 2000s. In particular, there is both a statistically and economically significant growth of non-routine jobs and a decline of routine jobs. Results for wages are, however, mixed; while task-biased technological change cannot explain changes in between-occupation wage differentials, it does have considerable explanatory power for changes in within-occupation wage differentials.
|
|
| 2. |
-
Bodil Lajv : Festskrift till Bodil Nildin-Wall den 18 januari 2007
- 2007
-
Konstnärligt arbete (refereegranskat)abstract
- Innehåller skriftliga bidrag från Maria Teresa Agozzino, Bo Almqvist, Eva Brylla, Anita Eldblad, Karin Hallén, Marlene Hugoson, Katharina Leibring, Folke Lore (fiktiv), Agneta Ney, Britt-Mari Näsström, Margareta Svahn, Mats Wahlberg, Jan Wall, Tora Wall, Anna Westerberg & Per-Anders Östling.
|
|
| 3. |
- Boström, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Conditions for Transformative Learning for Sustainable Development : A Theoretical Review and Approach
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 10:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continued unsustainability and surpassed planetary boundaries require not only scientific and technological advances, but deep and enduring social and cultural changes. The purpose of this article is to contribute a theoretical approach to understand conditions and constraints for societal change towards sustainable development. In order to break with unsustainable norms, habits, practices, and structures, there is a need for learning for transformation, not only adaption. Based on a critical literature review within the field of learning for sustainable development, our approach is a development of the concept of transformative learning, by integrating three additional dimensions—Institutional Structures, Social Practices, and Conflict Perspectives. This approach acknowledges conflicts on macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as structural and cultural constraints. It contends that transformative learning is processual, interactional, long-term, and cumbersome. It takes place within existing institutions and social practices, while also transcending them. The article adopts an interdisciplinary social science perspective that acknowledges the importance of transformative learning in order for communities, organizations, and individuals to be able to deal with global sustainability problems, acknowledging the societal and personal conflicts involved in such transformation.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Gustavsson, Magnus, 1972-
(författare)
-
A New Picture of Swedish Earnings Inequality : Persistent and Transitory Components, 1960–1990
- 2008
-
Ingår i: The Review of Income and Wealth. - : Wiley. - 0034-6586 .- 1475-4991. ; 54:3, s. 324-349
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a large individual longitudinal database, I decompose the cross-sectional variance of male annual earnings in Sweden between 1960 and 1990 into persistent and transitory components. The persistent variance displays a downward trend during the whole sample period, but with the rate of decline more rapid up until the early 1980s than afterwards. The transitory variance has increased from 1960 until the early 1970s, decreased slightly until the late 1970s, and then risen again during the second half of the 1980s. An important lesson from these results concern the interpretation of the rise in cross-sectional inequality observed after the 1983 breakdown of centralized bargaining in Sweden. While it has often been presumed that this growth reflected increased returns to skills, this study shows that it was in fact due to increased transitory earnings fluctuations.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gustavsson, Magnus, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Does the labor-income process contain a unit root? : Evidence from individual-specific time series
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1889 .- 1879-1743. ; 47, s. 152-167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calibrations of models related to life-cycle behavior of consumption and saving often invoke the important assumption of a unit root in individuals' labor-income process. We for the first time test this assumption using methods for univariate time series. Based on longitudinal register data from 1968 to 2005, we first estimate an autoregressive model for each individual using a method for approximately median-unbiased estimation. We then exploit the resulting distribution of the individual-specific estimates to draw inference about the presence of a unit root. Results indicate that earnings for the representative worker are governed by a process where shocks to earnings have moderate persistence and are both economically and statistically significantly different from having permanent effects. These results question the heavy use of unit-root processes for earnings.
|
|
| 8. |
- Gustavsson, Magnus, 1972-
(författare)
-
Empirical Essays on Earnings Inequality
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of four self-contained essays.Essay I decomposes the cross-sectional variance of male annual earnings in Sweden between 1960 and 1990 into permanent and transitory components and compares the results to the U.S. evidence. I find that the transitory variance in Sweden increased until the early 1970s, declined during the remainder of the decade and then rose again during the second half of the 1980s. The permanent variance declined over the whole sample period but its decrease was much more rapid up until the early 1980s than afterwards. Comparing the results for the transitory variance with evidence from the U.S. reveals sharp differences. Most notably, the transitory variance of U.S. earnings rose sharply from the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s. An important explanation for these dissimilarities appears to be labor market institutions. In particular, it is likely that centralized solidarity bargaining in Sweden imposed constraints on earnings instability during the 1970s and early 1980s. Essay II examines changes in the dispersion of permanent and transitory male annual earnings in Sweden between 1991 and 1999. I find that the variance of permanent earnings has increased over this period but that the variance of transitory earnings exhibits no clear trend. The results also show that young workers have the largest dispersion of transitory earnings. Results for wages indicate that increased permanent wage inequality is an important explanation for the increase in permanent earnings inequality.Essay III investigates changes in educational wage differentials in Sweden between 1992 and 2001 and places them in a longer-term perspective. The university wage premium has increased noticeably between 1992 and 2001 while the gymnasium wage premium has been constant. These results, together with previous research for earlier years, suggest that the university wage premium in Sweden has exhibited a clearly positive trend since the early 1980s whilst the gymnasium wage premium has been constant since the mid 1970s. Unlike the 1980s, relative supply changes do not appear to have been responsible for the rise in the university wage premium over the most recent decade.Essay IV (with Per-Anders Edin) investigates the role of skill depreciation in the relationship between work interruptions and subsequent wages. Using a unique longitudinal dataset, the Swedish part of the International Adult Literacy Survey, we are able to analyze changes in literacy skills for individuals as a function of time out of work. In general, we find statistically strong evidence on a negative relationship between work interruptions and skills. Our analysis suggests that depreciation of general (literacy) skills is economically significant. Our estimates imply that a full year of non-employment is associated with skill losses that are equivalent to moving 5 percentiles down the skill distribution.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Magnus, 1972-
(författare)
-
Permanent versus Transitory Wage Differentials and the Inequality-Hours Hypothesis
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 121:3, s. 537-541
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper disentangles the effect of inequality in permanent and transitory wages on hours worked by, first, estimating the two components for Swedish industries and, second, using the resulting estimates as explanatory variables in an hours-worked equation. Consistent with Bell and Freeman’s (2001) inequality-hours hypothesis, permanent wage differentials are found to have a positive effect on individuals’ hours of work while transitory wage differentials have no effect. However, the analysis also shows that, in estimated hours-worked equations, inequality in observed wages is potentially a good approximation for inequality in permanent wages.
|
|
