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- Anselm, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Bannlys alla politiska beslut som ger mer klimatutsläpp
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Torftig valdebatt. Dagspolitiken klarar inte att hantera ödesfrågan om klimatet, vilket oroar oss. Vi föreslår därför ett ”utsläppsmoratorium”: inga beslut får tas som ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser. Principen måste kopplas till mål om exempelvis förnybar energi och grön infrastruktur, skriver 23 forskare och debattörer.
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- Ekström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Nanometer-thick films of titanium oxide acting as electrolyte in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- 2007
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 52:12, s. 4239-4245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 0–18 nm-thick titanium, zirconium and tantalum oxide films are thermally evaporated on Nafion 117 membranes, and used as thin spacer electrolyte layers between the Nafion and a 3 nm Pt catalyst film. Electrochemical characterisation of the films in terms of oxygen reduction activity, high frequency impedance and cyclic voltammetry in nitrogen is performed in a fuel cell at 80 ◦C and full humidification. Titanium oxide films with thicknesses up to 18 nm are shown to conduct protons, whereas zirconium oxide and tantalum oxide block proton transport already at a thickness of 1.5 nm. The performance for oxygen reduction is higher for a bi-layered film of 3 nm platinum on 1.5 or 18 nm titanium oxide, than for a pure 3 nm platinum film with no spacer layer. The improvement in oxygen reduction performance is ascribed to a higher active surface area of platinum, i.e. no beneficial effect of combining platinum with zirconium, tantalum or titanium oxides on the intrinsic oxygen reduction activityis seen. The results suggest that TiO2 may be used as electrolyte in fuel cell electrodes, and that low-temperature proton exchange fuel cells could be possible using TiO2 as electrolyte.
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- Gustavsson, Marie, 1969
(författare)
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Nanostructured Fuel Cell Catalysts
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A long term challenge for society is to develop sustainable energy systems to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and to decrease air pollution. This requires new alternatives regarding the supply of energy and increased efficiency of the future energy systems. Fuel cell technology is one such possible alternative. Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy with small environmental effects. Today, the greatest disadvantage with the fuel cell technology is the cost. Low temperature fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFC), require expensive noble metal electrocatalysts. Improved catalyst activity with lower Pt content could contribute to a decrease in fuel cell cost.Real fuel cell catalysts are not suited for fundamental studies they consist of nm sized particles deposited on porous supports with a three dimensional structure. To develop improved and cost-effective fuel cells detailed studies on catalyst reactions are important. Model systems of well defined nanostructured (electro) catalysts are well suited for such studies. The main objective of this work was to explore and establish a platform to fabricate stable model electrocatalysts, using modern nanotechnology methods, and to test them in electrochemical / fuel cell systems. Nanofabrication techniques, such as colloidal lithography and thin film deposition, were used to prepare well-defined nanostructures. Surface science and microscopy methods were used for characterization. The electrocatalytic properties were evaluated with respect reduction of oxygen, and oxidation of methanol, formaldehyde, and CO.A general result from this study is the establishment of a nanotechnology platform for evaluation of various aspects of fuel cell performance, particularly in PEMFCs. Experiments with nanostructured catalysts on glassy carbon supports demonstrate their suitability for studying electrocatalytic reactions and transport processes. In addition, results on catalysts prepared by thin film deposition on Nafion membranes show that this approach is well suited for material screening and for studies regarding material stability and distribution in the catalyst layer. In particular, I found that the active surface area and performance were increased by deposition of TiO2 in between the Nafion membrane and the Pt layer. The TiO2 layer was also shown to have good proton conduction properties. Material screening for oxygen reduction showed that the activity for the single material films ranks as Pt > Ir > Au > TiO2. When Pt is mixed with Ir or TiO2, the activity is similar to pure Pt samples with twice the amount of Pt. Pt mixed with Au results in poor activity. Interesting extensions of this work include smaller particles, new material combinations and theoretical modelling.Keywords: PEMFC, model catalyst, electrocatalyst, nanofabrication, screening, Pt, TiOx, polymer electrolyte, colloidal lithography, thin film evaporation, Nafion, oxygen reduction, methanol oxidation, formaldehyde oxidation, acetic acid oxidation, CO oxidation
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- Tistad, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Training and support for the role of facilitator in implementation of innovations in health and community care : a scoping review protocol
- 2023
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Ingår i: Systematic Reviews. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2046-4053. ; 12:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundImplementing and sustaining innovations in clinical practice, such as evidence-based practices, programmes, and policies, is frequently described as challenging. Facilitation as a strategy for supporting implementation requires a facilitator, i.e. an individual with a designated role to support the implementation process. A growing number of studies report that facilitation can help tackle the challenges in implementation efforts. To optimise the potential contribution of facilitation as a strategy to improve the implementation of new practices, there is a need to enhance understanding about what training and support is required for individuals in the facilitator role.The objective of this scoping review is to map how facilitators have been trained for, and supported in, the facilitator role in implementation studies in health and community care. Specifically, the review aims to examine what is reported on training and support of facilitators in terms of learning outcomes, content, dose, mode of delivery, learning activities, and qualifications of the trainers and how the facilitators perceive training and support.MethodsThis scoping review will follow the guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review checklist. We will include articles in which (a) facilitation is deployed as an implementation strategy, with identified facilitator roles targeting staff and managers, to support the implementation of specified innovations in health or community care, and (b) training and/or support of facilitators is reported. We will exclude articles where facilitation is directed to education or training in specific clinical procedures or if facilitation supports the implementation of general quality improvement systems. All types of peer-reviewed studies and study protocols published in English will be included. A systematic search will be performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (embase.com), Web of Science Core Collection, and CINAHL (Ebsco).DiscussionThe proposed scoping review will provide a systematic mapping of the literature on the training and support of implementation facilitators and contribute useful knowledge within the field of implementation science to inform future facilitation initiatives.
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