| 1. |
- Cornelissen, Johannes H C, et al.
(författare)
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Global negative vegetation feedback to climate warming responses of leaf litter decomposition rates in cold biomes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 10:7, s. 619-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether climate change will turn cold biomes from large long-term carbon sinks into sources is hotly debated because of the great potential for ecosystem-mediated feedbacks to global climate. Critical are the direction, magnitude and generality of climate responses of plant litter decomposition. Here, we present the first quantitative analysis of the major climate-change-related drivers of litter decomposition rates in cold northern biomes worldwide.Leaf litters collected from the predominant species in 33 global change manipulation experiments in circum-arctic-alpine ecosystems were incubated simultaneously in two contrasting arctic life zones. We demonstrate that longer-term, large-scale changes to leaf litter decomposition will be driven primarily by both direct warming effects and concomitant shifts in plant growth form composition, with a much smaller role for changes in litter quality within species. Specifically, the ongoing warming-induced expansion of shrubs with recalcitrant leaf litter across cold biomes would constitute a negative feedback to global warming. Depending on the strength of other (previously reported) positive feedbacks of shrub expansion on soil carbon turnover, this may partly counteract direct warming enhancement of litter decomposition.
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| 2. |
- Aguado, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Highlighting clinical needs in Clostridium difficile infection : the views of European healthcare professionals at the front line
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - : Academic Press. - 0195-6701 .- 1532-2939. ; 90:2, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of infectious nosocomial diarrhoea in Europe. Despite increased focus, its incidence and severity are increasing in many European countries. Aim: We developed a series of consensus statements to identify unmet clinical needs in the recognition and management of CDI. Methods: A consortium of European experts prepared a series of 29 statements representing their collective views on the diagnosis and management of CDI in Europe. The statements were grouped into the following six broad themes: diagnosis; definitions of severity; treatment failure, recurrence and its consequences; infection prevention and control interventions; education and antimicrobial stewardship; and National CDI clinical guidance and policy. These statements were reviewed using questionnaires by 1047 clinicians involved in managing CDI, who indicated their level of agreement with each statement. Findings: Levels of agreement exceeded the 66% threshold for consensus for 27 out of 29 statements (93.1%), indicating strong support. Variance between countries and specialties was analysed and showed strong alignment with the overall consensus scores. Conclusion: Based on the consensus scores of the respondent group, recommendations are suggested for the further development of CDI services in order to reduce transmission and recurrence and to ensure that appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies are applied across all healthcare settings.
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| 3. |
- Hartel, R.W., et al.
(författare)
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Crystallization kinetics for the sucrose-water system
- 1980
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Ingår i: Design, control and analysis of crystallization processes. - : American Institute of Chemical Engineers. ; , s. 65-72
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crystallization kinetics for the sucrose-water system were studied in a continuous MSMPR cooling crystallizer. Growth and nucleation rates were derived from the measured size distributions using the population balance equation. In the region of higher supersaturation, where secondary nucleation occurs, it appeared that growth was a linear function of supersaturation; whereas, nucleation was approximately 1. 5 order in supersaturation. Growth rates were lower for crystals smaller than about 60 mu m, although these too increased with supersaturation. The latter trends were observed in both the higher (nucleating) and lower (non-nucleating) supersaturation regions. Preliminary batch studies indicated that the rate of secondary nucleation was also a function of both the method of contact and the impact energy.
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| 4. |
- Pham, M. K., et al.
(författare)
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Certified Reference Material IAEA-446 for radionuclides in Baltic Sea seaweed
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Radiation and Isotopes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8043 .- 1872-9800. ; 87, s. 468-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Certified Reference Material (CRM) for radionuclides in seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus) from the Baltic Sea (IAEA-446) is described and the results of the certification process are presented. The K-40, Cs-132, U-234 and Pu239+240 radionuclides were certified for this material, and information values for 12 other radionuclides (Sr-90, Tc-99, Pb-210 (Po-210), Ra-226, Ra-228, Th-228, Th-230, Th-232, U-235, U-238, Pu-239 and Pu-240) are presented. The CRM can be used for Quality Assurance/Quality Control of analysis of radionuclides in seaweed and other biota samples, as well as for development and validation of analytical methods, and for training purposes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Wehling, M., et al.
(författare)
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Filling the Gap – Improving Awareness and Practice in Hyponatraemia and the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) in the Older Patient : A European Consensus View
- 2017
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Ingår i: Drug Research. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 2194-9379 .- 2194-9387. ; 67:1, s. 5-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Causes of hyponatraemia in older patients are multivariate and in the case of SIADH may often be drug induced. Diagnostic and treatment algorithms are unclear for this important age group. Methods: The author group identified 6 broad themes for consensus and formulated 42 separate consensus statements within these 6 themes. Statements were then circulated to geriatricians, general practitioners and other doctors to test agreement at the European level. Results: 64 responses were evaluated from around Europe. Agreement was achieved in 86% of the statements following amendment and redistribution of 6 of the statements. The survey and its feedback prompted the development of 13 recommendations related to the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia including SIADH. Conclusion: The series of 13 recommendations developed here is intended to increase clarity for clinicians managing older patients with hyponatraemia and SIADH. Surprisingly, despite the lack of clear guidelines or recommendations for this age group consensus levels for the author-based statements were high among the respondents.
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