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| 2. |
- Lind, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalisation for sustainable sea transports
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clean Mobility and Intelligent Transport Systems. - 9781849198967 ; , s. 187-217
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The long history of shipping has created an industry with many autonomous players operating with a high degree of independence but with a need for episodic tight coupling to fulfil individual goals. For example, a ship cannot deliver its cargo without close cooperation with a pilot, tug and terminal operator. Despite this need for episodic tight coupling, the industry has not undergone the digital transformation that would enable data sharing to make coupling more efficient and reduce costs. Furthermore, we have presented a plan for realising STM that is highly cognisant of the nature of the industry. We advocate a digital transformation that preserves independence by allowing each party to manage access to its data and to decide when it will join the digital revolution. Our plan is based on creating an open market with complementary standards that facilitates coordination through data streaming and enables existing information intermediaries, such as shipping agents and new infomediaries provided by entrepreneurial information services, to adapt and emerge to meet the industry’s information needs. In this chapter, we have described a series of digitally-based information services centred on STM that will accelerate digital transformation of the shipping industry and provide Europe with more efficient, safer and environmentally sustainable ship transportation.
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| 3. |
- Lind, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Punctuality as performance metrics for efficient transportation systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: 21st World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, ITSWC 2014. - : Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transportation systems are ecosystems building on a high degree of co-production of value performed by multiple actors. In order to guide involved actors and ensure expected performance it becomes necessary to have an agreed performance metrics. Beside operational capacity for the transportation systems as such it is believed that punctuality as a performance metrics would be a solid base enabling different actors to take appropriate actions in planning, realizing, and evaluating their actions in relation to the expectations among involved actors (including beneficiaries) of the transportation system. In this paper, underlying mechanisms for punctuality are explored as the basis for an efficient transportation system.
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| 4. |
- Lind, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Sea Traffic Management - Beneficial for all Maritime Stakeholders
- 2016
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. ; 14, s. 183-192
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sea Traffic Management is the idea of sharing information and collaborating to optimise the maritime transport chain while increasing safety and sustainability. The digital information on-board and on shore is abundant; however, the interconnection today is point-to-point and proprietary and stops the industry becoming more efficient. We will discuss how Sea Traffic Management will help the industry achieve improved predictability by introducing standards for key information and supplying an infrastructure for information exchange. This enables all actors involved in the transport to plan better and utilise their resources more efficiently. Shorter routes, just-in-time arrivals, shorter port calls are factors that will strengthen the competitiveness of the maritime sector. Improved situational awareness on the bridge and knowledge of planned routes will help optimised planning as well as reducing the number of incidents and accidents. The standard route exchange format submitted by the EU-financed MONALISA 2.0 project partners in 2014 is included in the current edition of the IEC standard, which was launched in August 2015. Solutions using that standard will start realising the benefits already next year. We will describe an infrastructure, which could work in a centralised manner but also has the flexibility to be organised in a more federative manner, similar to how the maritime world works in many aspects. Some key components are: a unique identifier for each voyage; that the information publisher controls who can access the data; that updated information should be made available in real-time; and that subscription to updated data will be the main trigger for many systems and processes. We will also describe the outcomes of the test beds in the MONALISA 2.0 project - The Sound: how shore and vessel can interact better in order improve safety in dense traffic areas; Port of Gothenburg and Port of Valencia - how collaborative decision making can improve operations for all involved actors; European Maritime Simulator Network - how new solutions can be tested in complex traffic situations and areas with real people on a large number of bridges, without risk. How large of an impact will all this have on the maritime transport industry? Based on a study from Linköping University, we believe that the number €1 billion/year in Europe due to shorter routes is only the tip of the benefit iceberg. In the study ship operators and society split the benefit 50/50. Ship operators save on fuel and other cost, society saves on reduced emissions, and other actors associated to maritime operations benefit from a higher degree of infrastructural use. We will also present results from other business cases developed during 2015, in which the benefits of Sea Traffic Management are elaborated on main stakeholders.
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| 5. |
- Siwe, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Sea Traffic Management – Concepts and Components
- 2015
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Ingår i: 14th International Conference on Computer and IT Applications in the Maritime Industries.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives an overview of all components making up the Sea Traffic Management (STM) concept. STM builds upon information sharing in the whole maritime transport chain, where informationis shared as early as possible about intentions and reached states. Sea System Wide Information Management will provide an infrastructure for a regulated and federated approach to informationsharing. The functional sub-concepts are described: Strategic Voyage Management, Dynamic Voyage Management, Flow Management and Port Cooperative Decision Making. We will elaborate on how they complement each other and which benefits each of them has in regards to safety, environment and efficiency
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| 6. |
- Fall, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Age- and sex-specific causal effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 64:5, s. 1841-1852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. All analyses were stratified by age (cutoff 55 years of age) and sex. The genetic score was associated with BMI in both nonstratified analysis (P = 2.8 × 10(-107)) and stratified analyses (all P < 3.3 × 10(-30)). We found evidence of a causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, fasting levels of insulin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a nonstratified analysis and in the <55-year stratum. Further, we found evidence of a smaller causal effect on total cholesterol (P for difference = 0.015) in the ≥55-year stratum than in the <55-year stratum, a finding that could be explained by biology, survival bias, or differential medication. In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors.
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| 7. |
- Fritzell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Bacteria : back pain, leg pain and Modic sign—a surgical multicentre comparative study
- 2019
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Ingår i: European spine journal. - : Springer. - 0940-6719 .- 1432-0932. ; 28:12, s. 2981-2989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To compare bacterial findings in pain-generating degenerated discs in adults operated on for lumbar disc herniation (LDH), and mostly also suffering from low back pain (LBP), with findings in adolescent patients with non-degenerated non-pain-generating discs operated on for scoliosis, and to evaluate associations with Modic signs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) has been found in painful degenerated discs, why it has been suggested treating patients with LDH/LBP with antibiotics. As multidrug-resistant bacteria are a worldwide concern, new indications for using antibiotics should be based on solid scientific evidence.Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, 40 adults with LDH/LBP (median age 43, IQR 33–49) and 20 control patients with scoliosis (median age 17, IQR 15–20) underwent surgery at seven Swedish hospitals. Samples were cultured from skin, surgical wound, discs and vertebrae. Genetic relatedness of C. acnes isolates was investigated using single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. DNA samples collected from discs/vertebrae were analysed using 16S rRNA-based PCR sequencing. MRI findings were assessed for Modic changes.Results: No bacterial growth was found in 6/40 (15%) LDH patients, compared with 3/20 (15%) scoliosis patients. Most positive samples in both groups were isolated from the skin and then from subcutis or deep within the wound. Of the four disc and vertebral samples from each of the 60 patients, 235/240 (98%) were DNA negative by bacterial PCR. A single species, C. acnes, was found exclusively in the disc/vertebra from one patient in each group. In the LDH group, 29/40 (72%) patients had at least one sample with growth of C. acnes, compared to 14/20 (70%) in the scoliosis group. Bacterial findings and Modic changes were not associated.Conclusions: Cutibacterium acnes found in discs and vertebrae during surgery for disc herniation in adults with degenerated discs may be caused by contamination, as findings in this group were similar to findings in a control group of young patients with scoliosis and non-degenerated discs. Furthermore, such findings were almost always combined with bacterial findings on the skin and/or in the wound. There was no association between preoperative Modic changes and bacterial findings. Antibiotic treatment of lumbar disc herniation with sciatica and/or low back pain, without signs of clinical discitis/spondylitis, should be seriously questioned.
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| 9. |
- Hägg, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidized LDL induces a coordinated up-regulation of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems in human macrophages.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 185:2, s. 282-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using DNA microarray analysis, we found that human macrophages respond to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by activating the antioxidative glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Several genes of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems were expressed at high levels in macrophages when compared to 80 other human tissues and cell types, indicating that these systems may be of particular importance in macrophages. The up-regulation of three genes in these systems, thioredoxin (P < 0.005), thioredoxin reductase 1 (P < 0.001) and glutathione reductase (P < 0.001) was verified with real-time RT-PCR, using human macrophages from 10 healthy donors. To investigate the possible role of these antioxidative systems in the development of atherosclerosis, expression levels in macrophages from 15 subjects with atherosclerosis (12 men, 3 women) and 15 matched controls (12 men, 3 women) were analyzed using DNA microarrays. Two genes in the glutathione system Mn superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and catalase (P < 0.05) differed in expression between the groups. We conclude that macrophage uptake of oxidized LDL induces a coordinated up-regulation of genes of the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, suggesting that these systems may participate in the cellular defense against oxidized LDL and possibly modulate the development of atherosclerosis.
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| 10. |
- Jansson, John-Olov, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight homeostat that regulates fat mass independently of leptin in rats and mice.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 115:2, s. 427-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subjects spending much time sitting have increased risk of obesity but the mechanism for the antiobesity effect of standing is unknown. We hypothesized that there is a homeostatic regulation of body weight. We demonstrate that increased loading of rodents, achieved using capsules with different weights implanted in the abdomen or s.c. on the back, reversibly decreases the biological body weight via reduced food intake. Importantly, loading relieves diet-induced obesity and improves glucose tolerance. The identified homeostat for body weight regulates body fat mass independently of fat-derived leptin, revealing two independent negative feedback systems for fat mass regulation. It is known that osteocytes can sense changes in bone strain. In this study, the body weight-reducing effect of increased loading was lost in mice depleted of osteocytes. We propose that increased body weight activates a sensor dependent on osteocytes of the weight-bearing bones. This induces an afferent signal, which reduces body weight. These findings demonstrate a leptin-independent body weight homeostat ("gravitostat") that regulates fat mass.
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