| 1. |
- Bagheri, Narjes, et al.
(författare)
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Physicochemical identity and charge storage properties of battery-type nickel oxide material and its composites with activated carbon
- 2016
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 194, s. 480-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structural properties of annealed nickel oxide and its composites with activated carbon (synthesized via simple precipitation methods) have been addressed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption method and scanning electron microscopy. The charge storage properties of materials have also been investigated in three-and two-electrode configurations by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging/discharging in alkaline media. The results are consistent with the view that, depending on a method of preparation, the resulting nickel oxide films may exhibit redox characteristics different from that typically observed for nickel oxide-based materials. It is demonstrated that faradaic-type (redox) reactions, that are typical for battery-like materials, contribute predominantly to the high electrode capacity of 257C g(-1) (at 0.1 A g(-1)). By combining nickel oxide with a capacitive material such as activated carbon within the two-electrode symmetric cell, systems with increased charge-storage capabilities have been obtained. The fact, that the voltage window of nickel oxide-based cell has been broadened positively from 0.6 V to 1 V upon introduction of activated carbon, has also resulted in the increase of the cell's energy and power densities as well.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Colodrero, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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Porous One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Improve the Power-Conversion Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 21:7, s. 764-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solar-to-electric power-conversion efficiency (71) of dye-sensitized solar cells can be greatly enhanced by integrating a mesoporous, nanoparticle-based, 1D photonic crystal as a coherent scattering layer in the device. The photogenerated current is greatly improved without altering the open-circuit voltage of the cell, while keeping the transparency of the cell intact. Improved average 77 values between 15% and 30% are attained.
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| 4. |
- Ellis, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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PEDOT counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells prepared by aqueous micellar electrodeposition
- 2013
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 107, s. 45-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) was performed in an aqueous micellar solution onto conducting glass and conducting flexible plastic substrates using a simple, scalable process. The background electrolyte in the process consisted merely of a micellar aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. Electrodeposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was conducted at constant current, resulting in homogeneous films, even on large sized conducting glass and plastic substrates (9 cm x 9 cm). The use of water as electrolyte, application on large substrates and applicability on flexible plastic substrates demonstrates the feasibility of this method for upscaling and use in industrial fabrication of DSCs. DSCs were assembled using three different PEDOT thicknesses on conducting glass as counter electrodes and a comparison was made with thermally platinized conducting glass counter electrodes. In cobalt tris(bipyridine)-based electrolyte, the catalytic performance of the PEDOT counter electrodes was significantly higher than that of platinized counter electrodes. DSCs with PEDOT counter electrodes gave higher efficiencies due to higher fill factors and a lower charge transfer resistance. The low charge transfer resistance and good catalytic performance of the PEDOT counter electrodes can be related to its mesoporous morphology resembling crumpled sheets of paper.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Häggman, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Complex Formation Between Zinc(II) and Alkyl-N-iminodiacetic Acids in Aqueous Solution and Solid State
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Solution Chemistry. - : Springer Nature. - 0095-9782 .- 1572-8927. ; 49:9-10, s. 1279-1289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Removal of metal compounds from wastewater using processes where metals can be removed and valuable chemicals recycled is of significant industrial importance. Chelating surfactants are an interesting group of chemicals to be used in such applications. Carboxylated polyamines are a promising group to be used in such processes. To apply carboxylated polyamines as chelating surfactants, detailed knowledge of the solution chemistry, including complex formation, kinetics and structures of pure fundamental systems, is required. In this study zinc(II) alkyl-N-iminodiacetate systems with varying length of the alkyl chain have been studied. Acidic and stability constants have been studied by potentiometry, and the structures of both solids and aqueous solutions have been determined by EXAFS. Zinc(II) forms two strong complexes with alkyl-N-iminodiacetates in aqueous solution. In an attempt to determine the acidic constants of these complexes, the deprotonation of the nitrogen atom in the complex bound ligands, it was observed that this reaction is very slow and no accurate values could be obtained. The bis(alkyl-N-iminodiacetato)zincate(II) complexes take, however, up two protons in the pH region 3–7, which means that this complex is approximately singly protonated in the pH region 3–7 and doubly protonated at pH < 3. The bis(n-hexyl-N-iminodiacetato)zincate(II) complex at pH = 13 has a distorted octahedral configuration with four short strong Zn–O bonds at 2.08(1) Å, while the Zn–N bonds are weaker at much longer distance, 2.28(2) Å. Similar configurations are also found in most reported structures of zinc(II) complexes with carboxylated amines/polyamines. The singly protonated complex seems to be five-coordinate, with four Zn–O bond distances at ca. 2.03 Å, and a single Zn–N bond distance in the range 2.15–2.25 Å. The relationship between the structure of the protonated bis(n-hexyl-N-iminodiacetato)zincate(II) complex and the slow kinetics in the region pH = 3–7 are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Häggman, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Short Strong Hydrogen Bonds can Hinder Complex Formation: A Stability and Structure Study of Copper(II) Alkyl-N-iminodiacetic Acid Complexes in Aqueous Systems and Solid State
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Solution Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0095-9782 .- 1572-8927. ; 50, s. 203-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study the solution and coordination chemistry of copper(II)-alkyl-N-iminodiacetate systems are studied in aqueous solution by potentiometry, using ion selective copper and pH electrodes, EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) and dye probe molecular absorption spectrophotometry. Alkyl-N-iminodiacetates with varying alkyl chain length, methyl (CH3-), n-hexyl (C6H13-), n-dodecyl (C12H25-) and n-octadecyl (C18H37-) were used to tune the amphiphilic properties of the ligands. The polar head groups have both oxygen (hard Lewis base) and nitrogen donor (border-line Lewis base) atoms. This means that metal ions with different bonding characteristics may bind these ligands differently. Furthermore, the chelating properties of the polar head group may be regulated by pH as the acid-base properties of the imine and carboxylic acid groups are different. Copper(II) forms two stable complexes with alkyl-N-iminodiacetates with short alkyl chains, present as monomers in aqueous solution, log(10)beta(1) = 11.10(2), log(10)beta(2) = 19.5(2) for methyl-N-iminodiacetate, and log(10)beta(1) = 12.22(4), log(10)beta(2) = 21.9(2) for n-hexyl-N-iminodiacetate. n-Octadecyl-N-iminodiacetic acid, present as large aggregates in acidic aqueous solution, has short strong hydrogen bonds between carboxylic acid and carboxylate groups in the surface of the aggregates, which hinder complex formation at pH values below 4, obstructs it in the pH region 4-7, while the complex formation behaves as for short-chained alkyl-N-iminodiacetates at pH > 7. The structure around copper in copper(II)-alkyl-N-iminodiacetate complexes in aqueous solution and solid state formed at different pH values and copper(II):alkyl-N-iminodiacetate ratios has been determined by EXAFS. The coordination chemistry of copper(II) shows four strong bonds in the equatorial plane, and two different Cu-O/N bond distances, ca. 0.2 angstrom apart, in the axial positions of a non-centrosymmetric tetragonally elongated octahedron.
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| 8. |
- Jain, Sagar Motilal, et al.
(författare)
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Frustrated Lewis pair-mediated recrystallization of CH3NH3PbI3 for improved optoelectronic quality and high voltage planar perovskite solar cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy & Environmental Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 9:12, s. 3770-3782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films of the hybrid lead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 were found to react with pyridine vapor at room temperature leading to complete bleaching of the film. In dry air or nitrogen atmosphere recrystallization takes place, leading to perovskite films with markedly improved optical and photovoltaic properties. The physical and chemical origin of the reversible bleaching and recrystallization mechanism was investigated using a variety of experimental techniques and quantum chemical calculations. The strong Lewis base pyridine attacks the CH3NH3PbI3. The mechanism can be understood from a frustrated Lewis pair formation with a partial electron donation of the lone-pair on nitrogen together with competitive bonding to other species as revealed by Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The bleached phase consists of methylammonium iodide crystals and an amorphous phase of PbI2( pyridine)(2). After spontaneous recrystallization the CH3NH3PbI3 thin films have remarkably improved photoluminescence, and solar cell performance increased from 9.5% for as-deposited films to more than 18% power conversion efficiency for recrystallized films in solar cells with planar geometry under AM1.5G illumination. Hysteresis was negligible and open-circuit potential was remarkably high, 1.15 V. The results show that complete recrystallization can be achieved with a simple room temperature pyridine vapor treatment of CH3NH3PbI3 films leading to high quality crystallinity films with drastically improved photovoltaic performance.
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| 9. |
- Jokipii-Lukkari, Soile, et al.
(författare)
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Dual targeted poplar ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase interacts with hemoglobin 1
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452. ; 247, s. 138-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous reports have connected non-symbiotic and truncated hemoglobins (Hbs) to metabolism of nitric oxide (NO), an important signalling molecule involved in wood formation. We have studied the capability of poplar (Populus tremula × tremuloides) Hbs PttHb1 and PttTrHb proteins alone or with a flavin-protein reductase to relieve NO cytotoxicity in living cells. Complementation tests in a Hb-deficient, NO-sensitive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) δyhb1 mutant showed that neither PttHb1 nor PttTrHb alone protected cells against NO. To study the ability of Hbs to interact with a reductase, ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase PtthFNR was characterized by sequencing and proteomics. To date, by far the greatest number of the known dual-targeted plant proteins are directed to chloroplasts and mitochondria. We discovered a novel variant of hFNR that lacks the plastid presequence and resides in cytosol. The coexpression of PttHb1 and PtthFNR partially restored NO resistance of the yeast δyhb1 mutant, whereas PttTrHb coexpressed with PtthFNR failed to rescue growth. YFP fusion proteins confirmed the interaction between PttHb1 and PtthFNR in plant cells. The structural modelling results indicate that PttHb1 and PtthFNR are able to interact as NO dioxygenase. This is the first report on dual targeting of central plant enzyme FNR to plastids and cytosol.
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| 10. |
- Nissfolk, Jarl, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation of small-modulation photocurrent transients in dye-sensitized solar cells : A film thickness study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1572-6657. ; 646:1-2, s. 91-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells with varying mesoporous TiO2 film thicknesses was investigated using experimental and computational methods. More specifically, photocurrent transients resulting from small-amplitude square-wave modulation of the incident light were recorded for a series of solar cells, whereby the dependence of the wavelength and direction of the illumination was investigated. The responses were compared to simulations using different models for diffusional charge transport and analyzed in detail. The photocurrent transients are composed of two components: an initial fast response in case of illumination from the working electrode side, or an initial apparent delay of photocurrent decay for illumination from the counter electrode side, followed by a single exponential decay at longer times, with a time constant that is identified as the electron transport time. The initial response depends on the thickness and the absorption coefficient of the film. Transport times for different films were compared at equal short-circuit current density, rather than at equal light intensity. Experimentally, the transport time showed a power-law dependence on the film thickness with an exponent of about 1.5. Analysis using the quasi-static multiple trapping (MT) formulation demonstrates that this behavior originates from differences in quasi-Fermi level in the TiO2 films of different thickness when equal photocurrents are generated. The Fokker-Planck relation was used to derive expressions for the electrons flux in porous TiO2 films with a position-dependent diffusion coefficient.
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