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| 2. |
- Elofsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Så bör viltskadorna ersättas
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Elofsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of lynx and wolf on roe deer hunting benefits in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1432-847X .- 1867-383X. ; 23, s. 683-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large carnivores provide ecosystem and cultural benefits but also impose costs on hunters due to the competition for game. The aim of this paper was to identify the marginal impact of lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on the harvest of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Sweden and the value of this impact. We applied a production function approach, using a bioeconomic model where the annual number of roe deer harvested was assumed to be determined by hunting effort, abundance of predators, availability of other game, and winter severity. The impact of the predators on the roe deer harvests was estimated econometrically, and carnivore marginal impacts were derived. The results showed that if the roe deer resource was harvested under open access, the marginal cost in terms of hunting values foregone varied between different counties, and ranged between 18,000 and 58,000 EUR for an additional lynx family, and 79,000 and 336,000 EUR for an additional wolf individual. Larger marginal costs of the wolf, in terms of the impact on roe deer hunting, were found in counties where the hunting effort was high and the abundance of moose (Alces alces) was low. If instead, hunters could exert private property rights to the resource, the average marginal cost was about 20% lower than it would have been if there was open access, and the difference in wolf impact between counties with high and low moose density was smaller. Together, results suggest that the current plan for expanding the wolf population in south Sweden can be associated with a substantial cost.
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| 4. |
- Elofsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of lynx and wolf on roe deer huntingvalue in Sweden 2002-2012
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large carnivores provide ecosystem and cultural benefits but also impose costs on livestock owners, due to predation, and on hunters, due to the competition for game. The benefits as well as the costs that accrue to livestock owners have been studied, but this is not the case for the costs that accrue to hunters. The aim of this paper was to identify the impact of lynx (Lynx lynx) and wolf (Canis lupus) on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) hunting value. We applied a production function approach, using a bioeconomic model where the number of roe deer harvested was assumed to be jointly determined by hunting effort, abundance of predators, availability of other game, and climatic conditions. The impact of the predators on the roe deer harvests was estimated econometrically, and carnivore impacts for a constant and adjusted, steady state hunting effort were derived. The results showed that the marginal cost in terms of hunting values foregone varied between the counties and ranged between 18,000 and 58,000 EUR for lynx and 79,000 and 336,000 EUR for wolf. Larger costs were found in counties where the hunting effort was high, mainly located in south Sweden. The regional variation in costs has implications for decisions on policies affecting the regional distribution of wolf and lynx.
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| 5. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Economics of wildlife management-an overview
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - : Springer. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 64:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study makes an explorative overview on two main research topics in economics of wildlife management: determination of population sizes and policy design. The results point out a large and comprehensive research on each of these issues, in particular on the estimation of values and costs of wildlife, where this information is necessary for the determination of population size. A drawback is that most of the value and cost studies do not relate their estimates to wildlife population size, which limits their usability for efficient policy design. Most valuation studies estimate the recreational value of hunting, which can range between 13 and 545 USD/hunting day (in 2013 prices), and two thirds of the included studies have been applied to wildlife in the USA. A majority of the studies on the costs of wildlife management calculate losses from carnivore predation on livestock and ungulate damage to crops, while a few consider dispersal of diseases and the cost of traffic collisions. Unlike valuation studies, several of the cost estimates apply to wildlife in developing and emerging economies. With respect to policy design the literature, which is mainly theoretical, suggests economic incentives for conflict resolution, where those suffering from wildlife damages are compensated for their losses. However, there are some issues which remain to be addressed by economists: relating costs and benefits to wildlife populations; estimating values and costs of wildlife in developing countries; evaluating wildlife policies in practice; addressing implications of uncertainty in population size, costs, and benefits for policy design; and estimating transaction costs for implementation and enforcement of wildlife policies.
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| 6. |
- Gren, Ing-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Using traffic data to estimate wildlife populations
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Bioeconomics. - : Springer. - 1387-6996 .- 1573-6989. ; 18:1, s. 17-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wildlife populations are threatened worldwide by, among others, habitat fragmentation and hunting pressure. An important impediment for the large scale, national and regional, management of the populations is the difficulty to quantify population dynamics. The purpose of this study is to present a tool for such estimations which is based on available data in several countries; traffic load and traffic accidents with wildlife. An econometric model is developed, which accounts for landscape characteristics. It is applied to wild boar in Sweden, for which data on traffic load and accidents for different counties and years are available. Landscape characteristics are introduced with direct or indirect effects on population growth. The indirect landscape model gives the best statistical performance, and the results show relatively small differences in calculated intrinsic growth rate among counties but considerable differences in predicted population developments.
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| 7. |
- Hasler, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Farmers’ preferences for nutrient and climate-related agri-environmental schemes : A cross-country comparison
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:11, s. 1290-1303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use data from a survey of 2439 farmers in 5 countries around the Baltic Sea (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Poland and Sweden) to investigate their preferences for adopting agricultural practices aimed at reducing nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. The measures considered are set-aside, catch crops and reduced fertilization. Contracts vary with respect to the area enrolled, contract length, possibility of premature termination, availability of professional advice and compensation. We quantitatively describe farmers’ preferences in terms of their willingness-to-accept compensation for specific attributes of these contracts, if implemented. The results vary substantially between farm types (farmers’ characteristics) and between the 5 countries, and support differentiation of contract obligations and payments to improve the uptake of AgriEnvironmental Schemes. The results can be readily used to improve the design of country-specific nutrient reduction policies, in accordance with the next Common Agricultural Policy.
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| 8. |
- Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A review of the literature on benefits, costs, and policies for wildlife management
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wildlife management is a source of conflict in many countries because of the asymmetric allocation of benefits and costs among stakeholders. A review of studies on benefits, costs, and policies shows most valuation studies estimate recreational values of hunting, which can range between 13 and 545 USD/hunting day (in 2013 prices). A majority of the studies on costs calculate losses from livestock predation and crop destruction, and show that they can correspond to 40% of profits in the agricultural sector in wildlife rich regions in the US. Most of the studies are carried out for animals in developed economies, in particular in the US. This is in contrast to studies on costs of wildlife, which to a large extent are born by farmers neighboring national parks in developing and emerging economies. However, a common feature of both valuation and cost studies is the exclusion of several costs and benefits items and of indirect effects in the economies, which can be considerable for economies with high reliance on tourism and agriculture sectors. With respect to policy choice, the literature suggests economic incentives for conflict resolutions, where the winners from wildlife compensate the losses, but studies evaluating such policies in practice are lacking.
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| 9. |
- Häggmark Svensson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Costs of traffic accidents with wild boar populations in Sweden
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traffic accidents with wild boar have increased rapidly over the last years in Sweden. This paper calculates and predicts costs of current and future accidents, totally and for different Swedish counties, based on estimates of wild boar populations. A logistic population model is assumed, and econometric methods are used for calculating populations with panel data on traffic accidents, traffic load, and landscape characteristics for each county. The results show an average growth rate of 0.48, which varies between 0.39 and 0.52for different counties. This, together with predictions on changes in traffic load, forms the basis for calculations of costs of traffic accidents for a 10 year period. In total, the predicted costs can increase from 60 million SEK in 2011 to 135 or 340 million SEK in 2021 in present value depending on hunting pressure. The variation in cost increases is, however, large among counties, increasing by tenfold in Stockholm and Södermanland where the wild boar populations are relatively small and by approximately 50% in counties with mature populations.
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| 10. |
- Häggmark Svensson, Tobias
(författare)
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Essays on water quality policies of the Baltic sea and technological innovation
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis contains four papers on the water quality of the Baltic Sea and technological innovation. The first paper examines the effect of environmental regulation aimed at reducing eutrophication on innovation in nitrogen and phosphorus management technology in the wastewater treatment sector and agricultural sector. Using patent statistics from Sweden over 1960 to 2015 as a measure of innovation, it is shown that increased environmental stringency has a positive effect on technological innovation in the wastewater treatment sector, but not in the agricultural sector. The second paper examines the ex-post cost-effectiveness of nitrogen load reductions to the Baltic Sea due to environmental regulation. Using a counterfactual approach, we estimate the total nitrogen reductions from 1996 to 2010 to be roughly 145,000 tons. Result from a cost-effectiveness model suggests this reduction could have been achieved at 12% of the realized cost. If the same budget had been used efficiently, nitrogen reductions could have been twice as large. The third paper uses data from a choice experiment over five Baltic Sea countries to analyze the effect of the distance to the coast and nitrogen retention on farmers’ compensation demand for agri-environmental schemes. The results suggest that the two spatial variables affect farmers’ compensation demand and, the effect depends on the spatial variation in production conditions within the countries. The results also show that providing higher compensation to farmers closer to the recipient is not always motivated, and by that, providing differentiated payments, the budgetary cost can be reduced. The final paper examines the development of environmental technological innovations in the private and public sectors, in six major countries from 1990 to 2014. The result from our decomposition framework shows a shift toward environmental technologies in general and energy-related technologies in particular. We attribute the shift in the private sector to changes in research priority, and increased scale of research activity. The growth in the public sector is attributed to increased efficiency of the research process.
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