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| 2. |
- Brosch, Noah, et al.
(författare)
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EISCAT observations of meteors from the sporadic complex
- 2013
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 434:4, s. 2907-2921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report meteor observation with the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) radars obtained during a continuous 24-h period in 2009 December. The period, just after the Geminid meteor shower, was selected to have no strong meteor shower activity to allow a comparison with our previous observations collected during the 2008 Geminid shower. During the 2009 run, we used the very high frequency (VHF) and ultrahigh frequency systems, but most of the results presented here were derived from the VHF data. We discuss the statistical properties of the radar echoes, their Doppler velocity and altitude distributions, their radar cross-section, etc. We concentrate, as in our previous paper, on the population of high-altitude echoes, which we clearly detect, and discuss these specifically. We recognize a few echoes with positive Doppler velocities as produced by meteoroids that presumably entered the atmosphere at similar to grazing incidence angles and were leaving it when detected by radar. We detect meteor echoes with essentially zero Doppler velocity, reported here for the first time, which we interpret as meteoroids moving almost perpendicular to the beam and producing specular reflections off the meteor trail. We discuss meteors detected with tristatic measurements for which we find bunching in azimuth and depression angle that depends on the time of the day. Finally, we report again of the lack of extreme velocity meteors, a fact that weakens significantly the claim of the existence and abundance of interstellar meteors.
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| 3. |
- Brosch, Noah, et al.
(författare)
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Unusual features in high statistics radar meteor studies at EISCAT
- 2010
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 401:2, s. 1069-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe results of an experiment conducted with the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radars during three 8-h runs on consecutive nights in 2008 December aiming to detect and study the high-altitude meteor population along with the meteors detected at classical ~100-km altitudes. The experiment used coaxial ultra-high-frequency (UHF) and very high-frequency (VHF) radar beams pointed vertically to the zenith of Ramfjordmoen near Tromsø (Norway), and remote UHF receivers at Kiruna (Sweden) and Sodankyl¨a (Finland) for tristatic observations of a very limited volume at an altitude of 170 km above the transmitter site. The EISCAT VHF radar detected during the 24-h period 22 698 echoes identified as meteors. The number of UHF echoes in the same period was 2138, most detected also at VHF. Among the VHF meteors, 11 were detected at altitudes higher than 150 km. Of these, the record highest meteor was at 246.9 km. No high-altitude UHF echoes were detected, none was tristatic, and no echoes with a Doppler velocity above ~60 km s−1 were identified. Given the large number of echoes, which argues in favour of a highly significant characterization of the meteoroid population, we discuss the statistical properties of the detections and their possible physical nature. The average detection rate of VHF radar meteors was about 16 min-1. Comparing this high rate with that of the faintest optically detected meteors indicates that the radar detections originate from a meteoroid population that could be as optically faint as 13–14 mag. We did not observe a marked enhancement of the rates at the peak of the Geminid shower, confirming once again the proposal that most faint meteors, be these radar or optical, belong to the sporadic population and not to a specific shower. For a few meteors, our data show definite deceleration and possible fragmentation. A simple calculation indicates that one of the detected meteoroids was a submillimetre body that fragmented when the ram pressure reached about 0.5 pascal. This is much lower than the pressure that fragments brighter cometary meteors, which is at least two orders of magnitude higher.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ekeberg, Jonas, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Soliton-induced spectrally uniform ion line power enhancements at the ionospheric F region peak
- 2012
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Ingår i: Earth Planets and Space. - Tokyo : Terra scientific publishing company. - 1343-8832 .- 1880-5981. ; 64:7, s. 605-611
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present European incoherent scatter (EISCAT) observations of spectrally uniform ion line power enhancements (SUIPE), where the up- and downshifted shoulder and the spectral valley between them are enhanced simultaneously and equally. We have identified 48 cases of this type of ion line enhancements in data from the EISCAT Svalbard radar taken during the International Polar Year (extending from March 2007 to the end of February 2008). The SUIPEs are observed at altitudes between 210 km and 280 km with a standard deviation of 9% of the average occurrence height 230 km. The power enhancements are one order of magnitude above the thermal level. The SUIPEs occur at the ionospheric F region peak with 85% of the cases located within 10 km of the peak. The occurrence shows a clear preference for magnetically disturbed conditions, with the likelihood of occurrence increasing with increasing K index. A majority of the events occur in the magnetic evening to pre-midnight sector.
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| 6. |
- Ivchenko, Nickolay, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma line observations from the EISCAT Svalbard Radar during the International Polar Year
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus Gesellschaft MBH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 35:5, s. 1143-1149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photo-electrons and secondary electrons from particle precipitation enhance the incoherent scatter plasma line to levels sufficient for detection. When detectable the plasma line gives accurate measure of the electron density and can potentially be used to constrain incoherent scatter estimates of electron temperature. We investigate the statistical occurrence of plasma line enhancements with data from the high-latitude EISCAT Svalbard Radar obtained during the International Polar Year (IPY, 2007-2008). A computationally fast method was implemented to recover the range-frequency dependence of the plasma line. Plasma line backscatter strength strongly depends on time of day, season, altitude, and geomagnetic activity, and the backscatter is detectable in 22.6% of the total measurements during the IPY. As expected, maximum detection is achieved when photo-electrons due to the Sun's EUV radiation are present. During summer daytime hours the occurrence of detectable plasma lines at altitudes below the F-region peak is up to 90 %. During wintertime the occurrence is a few percent. Electron density profiles recovered from the plasma line show great detail of density variations in height and time. For example, effects of inertial gravity waves on the electron density are observed.
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| 7. |
- Pellinen-Wannberg, Asta, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The forthcoming EISCAT_3D as an extra-terrestrial matter monitor
- 2016
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 123, s. 33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important to monitor the extra-terrestrial dust flux in the Earth’s environment and into the atmosphere. Meteoroids threaten the infrastructure in space as hypervelocity hits by micron-sized granules continuously degrade the solar panels and other satellite surfaces. Through their orbital elements meteoroids can be associated to the interplanetary dust cloud, comets, asteroids or the interstellar space. The ablation products of meteoroids participate in many physical and chemical processes at dierent layers inthe atmosphere, many of them occurring in the polar regions.High-power large-aperture (HPLA) radars, such as the tristatic EISCAT UHF together with the EISCAT VHF, have been versatile instruments for studying many properties of the meteoroid population, even though they were not initially designed for this purpose. The future EISCAT_3D will comprise a phased-array transmitter and several phased-array receivers distributed in Northern Scandinavia. These will work at 233 MHz centre frequency with power up to 10 MW and run advanced signal processing systems. The facility will in many aspects be superior to its predecessors as the first radar to combine volumetric-, aperture synthesis- and multistatic imaging as well as adaptive experiments. The technical design goals of the radar respond to the scientific requests from the user community. The VHF frequency and the volumetric imaging capacity will increase the collecting volume compared to the earlier UHF, the high transmitter power will increase the sensitivity of the radar, and the interferometry will improve the spatial resolution of the orbit estimates. The facility will be able to observe and define orbits to about 10% of the meteors from the established mass flux distribution that are large or fast enough to produce an ionization mantle around the impacting meteoroid within the collecting volume. The estimated annual mean of about 190 000 orbits per day with EISCAT_3D gives many orders of magnitude higher detected orbit rates than the earlier tristatic UHF radar.
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| 8. |
- Pellinen-Wannberg, Asta, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The solar cycle effect on the atmosphere as a scintillator for meteor observations
- 2010
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Ingår i: Icy Bodies of the Solar System. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521764889 ; , s. 249-252, s. 249-252
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We discuss using high solar cycle atmospheric conditions as sensors for observing meteors and their properties. High altitude meteor trails (HAMTs) have sometimes been observed with HPLA (High Power Large Aperture) radars. At other times they are not seen. In the absence of systematic studies on this topic, we surmise that the reason might be differing atmospheric conditions during the observations. At EISCAT HAMTs were observed in 1990 and 1991. Very high meteor trails were observed with Israeli L-band radars in 1998, 1999 and 2001. Through the Leonid activity, around the latest perihelion passage of comet Tempel-Tuttle, optical meteors as high as 200 km were reported. This was partly due to new and better observing methods. However, all the reported periods of high altitude meteors seem to correlate with solar cycle maximum. The enhanced atmospheric and ionospheric densities extend the meteoroid interaction range with the atmosphere along its path, offering a better possibility to distinguish differential ablation of the various meteoric constituents. This should be studied during the next solar maximum, due within a few years.
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| 9. |
- Stocker, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent identification of instrument
- 2020
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Ingår i: Data Science Journal. - : Ubiquity Press, Ltd.. - 1683-1470. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Instruments play an essential role in creating research data. Given the importance of instruments and associated metadata to the assessment of data quality and data reuse, globally unique, persistent and resolvable identification of instruments is crucial. The Research Data Alliance Working Group Persistent Identification of Instruments (PIDINST) developed a community-driven solution for persistent identification of instruments which we present and discuss in this paper. Based on an analysis of 10 use cases, PIDINST developed a metadata schema and prototyped schema implementation with DataCite and ePIC as representative persistent identifier infrastructures and with HZB (Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie) and BODC (British Oceanographic Data Centre) as representative institutional instrument providers. These implementations demonstrate the viability of the proposed solution in practice. Moving forward, PIDINST will further catalyse adoption and consolidate the schema by addressing new stakeholder requirements.
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