| 1. |
- Andreasson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Fosfomycin versus Ciprofloxacin as transrectal prostatebiopsy antibiotic prophylaxis an open randomized controlled multicenter drug trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 83:Suppl. 1, s. S180-S180
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction & Objectives: Antibiotic prophylaxis are administered as a routine to decrease the risk for septic complications following transrectal prostate biopsy. Fosfomycin administered 1 h or more prior to biopsy has equal or better infectious complication rates as compared to Ciprofloxacin in both prospective and retrospective studies from countries with high rates of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate if Fosfomycin administered immediately prior to prostate biopsy was as effective as Ciprofloxacin in Sweden, a country with low rates of antibiotic resistance.Materials & Methods: A randomized, controlled, open, multicenter, non-inferiority-study including men of all ages undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy was performed in the urology departments of three Swedish hospitals. The total number of patients were planned for 3448, divided into low and high infection risk groups. The low-risk group was randomized to either one dose of Fosfomycin 3g or Ciprofloxacin 750mg before biopsy. The high-risk group was randomized to either two doses of Fosfomycin 3g prior to biopsy and one more 24 h after biopsy or Ciprofloxacin 500mg once prior to biopsy and then twice daily for three days. The drugs were administered orally. All patients had a rectal swab for culture before and after biopsy. The endpoint was hospitalisation due to urinary tract infection within 14 days from biopsy, follow-up was performed with a phone interview.Results: The safety board prematurely interrupted the study after 42 included patients due to an unusual high number of hospitalisations. Four out of 20 patients (20%), three in the low-risk group and one in the high-risk group, had been hospitalised due to urosepsis in the Fosfomycin group. One further patient described fever symptoms but did not seek health care. No patient in the Ciprofloxacin group (n=21) described symptoms of infection from the urinary tract. One patient was lost to follow-up. A one-sided binomial test showed a p-value of <0.001. Two of the four hospitalised patients had a positive blood culture for Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and one had a positive rectal swab culture for Pseudomonas species both before and after biopsy.Conclusions: The study does not support the use of Fosfomycin administered immediately prior to prostate biopsy. The results may have been affected by the unexpected high number of Pseudomonas infections, a bacteria where Fosfomycin often lack effect. If Fosfomycin is to be used it should be with caution if Pseudomonas has been seen in earlier cultures
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| 2. |
- Birgegård, Gunnar, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Serum ferritin during infection : A longitudinal study
- 1978
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of haematology. - 0036-553X. ; 21:4, s. 333-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum ferritin, transferrin, iron and haptoglobin have been investigated in a longitudinal study in 18 patients hospitalized for various acute infections. Within a couple of days after the onset of an infection, a rise in serum ferritin was seen, the magnitude of which was not dependent on the type of infection (bacterial or viral). The serum ferritin level remained elevated for several weeks in some patients, and 7 out of the 18 patients still had abnormally high values 5 weeks after the onset of illness. The mean curves for serum ferritin and the acute phase reactant haptoglobin were parallel. Possible mechanisms causing the elevation in serum ferritin are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Lindqvist, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term persistence of a multi-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MR-MSSA) clone at a university hospital in southeast Sweden, without further transmission within the region
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 34:7, s. 1415-1422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to characterise isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) with resistance to clindamycin and/or tobramycin in southeast Sweden, including the previously described ECT-R clone (t002) found in Östergotland County, focusing on clonal relatedness, virulence determinants and existence of staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec remnants. MSSA isolates with resistance to clindamycin and/or tobramycin were collected from the three county councils in southeast Sweden and investigated with spa typing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the SCCmec right extremity junction (MREJ) and DNA microarray technology. The 98 isolates were divided into 40 spa types, and by microarray clustered in 17 multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complexes (MLST-CCs). All isolates with combined resistance to clindamycin and tobramycin (n = 12) from Östergotland County and two additional isolates (clindamycin-R) were designated as spa type t002, MREJ type ii and were clustered in CC5, together with a representative isolate of the ECT-R clone, indicating the clones persistence. These isolates also carried several genes encoding exotoxins, Q9XB68-dcs and qacC. Of the isolates in CC15, 83 % (25/30) were tobramycin-resistant and were designated spa type t084. Of these, 68 % (17/25) were isolated from new-borns in all three counties. The persistence of the ECT-R clone in Östergotland County, although not found in any other county in the region, carrying certain virulence factors that possibly enhance its survival in the hospital environment, highlights the fact that basic hygiene guidelines must be maintained even when MRSA prevalence is low.
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| 4. |
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Advancing Research on Projects and Temporary Organizations
- 2014
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Project management as a field is sometimes characterised by prescriptive analysis often founded on little deep research. This book is different - drawing on some of the most interesting contributors to the field, it should be read by anyone interested in seeing projects as a social accomplishment in which people, rather than systems, have the most pertinent role.
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| 5. |
- Birgegård, Gunnar, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Serum ferritin during infection : A longitudinal study in renal transplant patients
- 1979
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Ingår i: Acta medica Scandinavica. - 0001-6101. ; 205:7, s. 641-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to follow the dynamics in the reaction of iron kinetic variables to acute infection, 8 renal transplantation patients were followed with test samples every second or third day for about two months. It was found that they just as previously shown in otherwise healthy subjects, responded to acute infection with a rise in serum ferritin levels, sometimes to very high values. In most cases the ferritin elevation started within two days after the onset of fever. The peak was reached within a week, except when very high values were obtained. The fall in serum ferritin after recovery from infection was much faster than in previously investigated groups of patients: the plasma half disappearance time for ferritin in one case was but 1.5 days. Transferrin did not change in response to infection. The expected fall in serum iron during infection was often absent and sometimes obscured by unexpected, sharp peaks in serum iron, which bore a temporal relationship to episodes of transplant rejection in 7 of 12 cases.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Buchanan, David A., et al.
(författare)
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Surviving a zombie apocalypse : Leadership configurations in extreme contexts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Management Learning. - : Sage Publications. - 1350-5076 .- 1461-7307. ; 50:2, s. 152-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What can the classic zombie movie, Day of the Dead, tell us about leadership? In our analysis of this film, we explore leadership behaviours in an extreme context - a zombie apocalypse where survivors face persistent existential threat. Extreme context research presents methodological challenges, particularly with regard to fieldwork. The use of films as proxy case studies is one way in which to overcome these problems, and for researchers working in an interpretivist perspective, 'social science fiction' is increasingly used as a source of inspiration and ideas. The contribution of our analysis concerns highlighting the role of leadership configurations in extreme contexts, an approach not previously addressed in this field, but one that has greater explanatory power than current perspectives. In Day of the Dead, we observe several different configurations - patterns of leadership styles and behaviours - emerging, shifting and overlapping across the phases of the narrative, each with radically different consequences for the group of survivors. These observations suggest a speculative theory of leadership configurations and their implications in extreme contexts, for exploring further, with other methods.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Dreschler, W. A., et al.
(författare)
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Charactering the individual ear by the "Auditory Profile
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - Melville, NY, USA : A I P Publishing LLC. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 123:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a new approach to auditory diagnostics, which is one of the central themes of the EU-project HEARCOM. For this purpose we defined a so-called "Auditory Profile" that can be assessed for each individual listener using a standardized battery of audiological tests that - in addition to the pure-tone audiogram - focus on loudness perception, frequency resolution, temporal acuity, speech perception, binaural functioning, listening effort, subjective hearing abilities, and cognition. For the sake of testing time only summary tests are included from each of these areas, but the broad approach of characterizing auditory communication problems by means of standardized test is expected to have an added value above traditional testing in understanding the reasons for poor speech reception. The Auditory profile may also be relevant in the field of auditory rehabilitation and for design of acoustical environments. The results of an international 5-center study (in 4 countries and in 4 languages) will be presented and the relevance of a broad but well-standardized approach will be discussed.
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| 10. |
- Dreschler, W. A., et al.
(författare)
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D-2-6: Report about the results of the multicentre evaluation of the Auditory Profile. Public report
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Twenty-eight partners participated in the FP6 EU-funded project HearCom, with the goal to improve hearing in our communication society. One of the main achievements has been the provision of advanced hearing screening tests by telephone and Internet. For hearing diagnostics it was aimed at the harmonization of hearing diagnostic tests within Europe. For this the concept of the Auditory Profile has been developed with several tests for various languages. Hearing problems are also a result of adverse acoustical circumstances for which the effects have been studied, modelled and evaluated for hearing impaired. For hearing rehabilitation a large scale comparison study was performed on signal enhancement techniques (algorithms) for hearing devices. Modern technology may assist on hearing and communication by the use of wireless technology and automatic speech transcription. On this it is shown that improvements for auditory communication can be obtained, but that technology should develop further. An overview is given on the HearCom portal with sections for screening diagnostics, hearing information for the public and professionals, and a new service called HearCompanion that provides step-by-step support for the hearing rehabilitation process.
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