| 1. |
- Bondestam, Fredrik, 1971-
(författare)
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En önskan att skriva abjektet : Analyser av akademisk jämställdhet
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to explore what makes the discourse on gender equality possible in the context of Swedish higher education. Three aspects of this discourse - gender equality work, positive discrimination and sexual harassment - are focused on both empirically and theoretically. Study I-III analyse these aspects as separate phenomena, and study IV reflects upon the theoretical implications emanating from the empirical field as a whole, from a discourse analytic, semiological, narrative and feminist-theoretical perspective. Each study builds upon different sets of quantitative and qualitative material: surveys on the organisation and implementation of gender equality; interviews with representatives of gender equality at different departments and with women who have experienced sexual harassment; documentation from 61 appointment processes; higher education policies on gender equality and sexual harassment; and also public policies on gender equality and higher education in Sweden from 1970 to 2000. The empirical results make visible some unintended and reproductive consequences concerning the possibilities to successfully implement methods aimed at improving gender equality. A paradox of difference, much debated in feminist politics and theory, structures different narratives within the discourse. Summing it up, it is the tendency to start out from a view on the problem of gender equality as connected with a category of women, marked as different from a norm, which makes gender equality work not only contradictory but also counterproductive. In a theoretical outline a perspective is put forward, which relates to feminist, post-structuralist theories and particularly the works of Julia Kristeva. Rereading the paradox of difference from this perspective stimulates a venture aimed at destabilising scientific claims on the discourse of gender equality. Furthermore, ideas are put forward which challenge the common-sensical views on the purpose of achieving gender equality, in favour of an endeavour suggesting the need for an intimate revolt.
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| 2. |
- de Erausquin, Gabriel A, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.). - : Wiley. - 2352-8737. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID-19 includes central nervous system manifestations mediated by inflammation and cerebrovascular, anoxic, and/or viral neurotoxicity mechanisms. More than one third of patients with COVID-19 develop neurologic problems during the acute phase of the illness, including loss of sense of smell or taste, seizures, and stroke. Damage or functional changes to the brain may result in chronic sequelae. The risk of incident cognitive and neuropsychiatric complications appears independent from the severity of the original pulmonary illness. It behooves the scientific and medical community to attempt to understand the molecular and/or systemic factors linking COVID-19 to neurologic illness, both short and long term.This article describes what is known so far in terms of links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. We focus on risk factors and possible molecular, inflammatory, and viral mechanisms underlying neurological injury. We also provide a comprehensive description of the Alzheimer's Association Consortium on Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (CNS SC2) harmonized methodology to address these questions using a worldwide network of researchers and institutions.Successful harmonization of designs and methods was achieved through a consensus process initially fragmented by specific interest groups (epidemiology, clinical assessments, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and neuroimaging). Conclusions from subcommittees were presented to the whole group and discussed extensively. Presently data collection is ongoing at 19 sites in 12 countries representing Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe.The Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium harmonized methodology is proposed as a model to study long-term neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The following review describes what is known so far in terms of molecular and epidemiological links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and AD and related dementias (ADRD)The primary objective of this large-scale collaboration is to clarify the pathogenesis of ADRD and to advance our understanding of the impact of a neurotropic virus on the long-term risk of cognitive decline and other CNS sequelae. No available evidence supports the notion that cognitive impairment after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a form of dementia (ADRD or otherwise). The longitudinal methodologies espoused by the consortium are intended to provide data to answer this question as clearly as possible controlling for possible confounders. Our specific hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 triggers ADRD-like pathology following the extended olfactory cortical network (EOCN) in older individuals with specific genetic susceptibility.The proposed harmonization strategies and flexible study designs offer the possibility to include large samples of under-represented racial and ethnic groups, creating a rich set of harmonized cohorts for future studies of the pathophysiology, determinants, long-term consequences, and trends in cognitive aging, ADRD, and vascular disease.We provide a framework for current and future studies to be carried out within the Consortium. and offers a "green paper" to the research community with a very broad, global base of support, on tools suitable for low- and middle-income countries aimed to compare and combine future longitudinal data on the topic.The Consortium proposes a combination of design and statistical methods as a means of approaching causal inference of the COVID-19 neuropsychiatric sequelae. We expect that deep phenotyping of neuropsychiatric sequelae may provide a series of candidate syndromes with phenomenological and biological characterization that can be further explored. By generating high-quality harmonized data across sites we aim to capture both descriptive and, where possible, causal associations.
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| 3. |
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De laglösa : Kriminalsociologiska studier samlade av Kaj Håkanson
- 1972
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- An introduction to sociological theories of deviance related to differential association, class culture, anomie, group processes, and outsider careers. An introduction by Kaj Håkanson followed by translations of articlels of pieces of books written by Donald R.Cressey, Walter B.Miller, Richard A. Cloward, David Matza, James F.Short jr - Fred L.Strodtbeck, Howard S.Becker and Albert K.Cohen
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Holmberg, Tora, 1967-
(författare)
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Vetenskap på gränsen
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With behavioural genetic twin- and animal-studies as a point of departure, this thesis investigates how the polyphonic talk about genes creates certain conditions for how “human behaviour” can be constructed, how the politics of boundary fixing contributes to and undermines respectively, credible narratives about human behaviour and, in the extension, about what constitutes human-ness. Furthermore, sociology is used as a sounding board in order to investigate what behavioural genetic knowledge can promote in terms of sociological insights and vice versa. Empirically, the thesis concerns how scientists describe and represent their own (and others’) research in scientific articles, popular science, at conferences and in the interviews performed with myself. But it also addresses how daily news and evening papers represent the same research in Sweden today. The results reveal that the figures included – the Twin and the Human-animal – are highly versatile. The Twin can, at a superficial gaze, be central for a hegemonic narrative about heredity and environment in different proportions, but is flexible enough to allow a variety of alternative stories and a “complementary position”. The Human-animal can in a similar fashion produce distinct boundaries between humans, on the one hand, and all other animals on the other; whilst simultaneously modifying the same boundaries in terms of “the other” as constitutive of human-ness and humans as just one species among others. These figures are thus boundary transgressing objects which refuse to be (more then temporarily) locked in one position. As an effect of this, they have double functions: they can come into use both to strengthen, and to challenge, hegemonic, scientific narratives. Due to this double-ness, an interested distrustfulness can be fruitful for discussions “over the line”; discussions where goals and possibilities are not predetermined. Manifold-ness opens for alternative notions, capable of challenging ingrained opinions and established narratives.
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| 6. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Buddhist ways of knowing and constructivism
- 2001
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Ingår i: Konstruktivismen.. - : Wilhelm Braumuller, Wien. - 3 7003 13357 ; , s. 109-133
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a starting-point in the questions "Who knows from where? Where is the knower?Where is the knowing? What are the limits to what can be known?" aspects of buddhist (taoist, vedantist) notions of knower and known are presented and related to certain problems of systems theory.
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| 7. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Den blinda fläcken : Medvetande, kropp elle materia?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 39:1, s. 28-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Blind Spot: Mind, Body or Matter?Using Nick Crossley’s recently published The Social Body. Habit, identity and desire as a starting-point the author questions certain contemporary attempts to overcome dualism (often connected with present-day sociological interest in the body). He argues that they, if committed to materialism, crude or sophisticated, will reproduce dualism. They will end in materialist reductionism, he argues,unless ”knowing” or ”mind”, a no-thing-ness, is recognized as inalienable to reality. This does not, as often assumed, imply ”solipsism” unless one accepts the very dualist presupposition that mind is some-thing ”private”, ”inside” of basically separate selves. Introducing non-dualist traditions outside of the body of academic sociology he presents certain practical forms of inquiry. Directed at or including the very inquirer they do not approach the mind/body-issue as a purely ”theoretical” issue. Mind/body-dualism is further seen as an aspect of the broader dualism of self/other, in its turn the basis for human suffering and unfreedom. He asks at last why sociology, given a certain disciplinary self-understanding, bothers about dualism. He proposes the reason it does might be an unrecognised, academically indecent ”existential” search for ”wholeness” . This “existential” aspect need be accepted, for the “problem of dualism ” to find a solution.
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| 8. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Den blinda fläcken : Medvetande, kropp eller materia
- 2002
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - Uppsala : Sveriges sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; :1, s. 28-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- "The blind spot:Mind, body or matter". Taking its startingpoint in an acclaimed work by Nick Crossley, where he argues for a "non-reductive" materialism, the author tries to show that Crossley like many others in his attempt to steer free of "idealism", contrary to his stated aims ends precisely in material reductionism. By means of an illustration taken from Merleau-Ponty, where it according to Crossley is neither necessary nor possible to isolate a "mind-content", an "inner intention" etc. he draws his (erroneous) conclusion about the fundamental materialism. He does not even consider the possibility that the illustration rather reveals matter as intrinsically "knowing" or "knowing" as embodied among other things in forms which are designated "material", thus collapsing the very dualist distinction which is the starting point. Since to talk about a situation, present, remembered, imagined presupposes meaning and a knowing of a whole situation, always arbitrarily delimited, which can and need not be reduced to the inner of some separate individual observer or "knower" but rather signals an unlimited "space" of knowing(ness) which allows for different presentation of reality, distinctions, such as that between matter and mind, matter and knowing. The "being" of a situation is thus confused with the "words" that are "analytically" used to single out this or that, "making up" the relative level. A common view of "mind" inspired by G.H.Mead is critisized in the same way as based both on an understanding of interaction that intially presupposes a split between mind and matter, then projecting that backwards assuming that "mind" appeared somewhere along the line, as were it some kind of gaseous substance. This view consequently has in tow a confusion of the question how "mind", "knowing" or "knowingness" ever appeared in "evolutionary" history with the question how a particular self-identity or self-image is created. However, the author argues, Meadian theory does not allow for an explanation of mind in general as suddenly arising out of matter, but does if not to its explicit intention by its logic rather presuppose mind or "knowing" as an everpresent "aspect" of reality. It is further argued that the assumption of an unreducible "knowingness" characterizing "reality" by no means commits us to a "theoretical" idealism - that means another confusion of levels quite common in social theorizing about dualism. It is at last asked why dualism is constantly brought up as a problem in social science given some very common declarations of social scientists that their task or ambition is not to present views that encompass the whole, but rather to describe, interpret and explain parts or aspects of (social) reality. The tendency to worry about "the problem of dualism", i e between individual and society, agent and structure etc. is also strange both considering the widespread methodological view that theoretical distinctions and concepts do not "mirror" reality "as it is" but rather are conceptual tools more or less useful for the elucidation of different aspects of reality also dependent on the particual research tasks. Add to this the postmodern doxa of "difference" as basic to reality. Could it be that the constant recurrence of "the problem of dualism" within social science in direct opposition to the explicit disavowal of such goals signals an unacknowledged, "indecent" drive away from "alienation" towards a theoretical wholeness which also spells existential? This implicitness is then contrasted with the view of certain "eastern traditions" where "the problem of dualism" from the start is tackled not as a theoretical problem, but explicitly as a deep existential issue, where the root-cause of suffering is seen as basically embodied in the self/world, me/other split, that is the identification and reification of a certain identification with a presumed separate self, which in its turn branches off in a myriad of other seemingly unavoidable dualisms. In this view dualism is a lived problem to be solved in practice -a (dis)solution which in its turn may dissolve the concern with dualism as a theoretical problem. Considered as a theoretical problem it probably remains just that: A disturbing, constantly recurring theoretical problem unresolvable on its own terms.
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| 9. |
- Håkanson, Kaj
(författare)
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Den skapande tomhetens bild : Om kunskap och kärlek
- 1988
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- "The image of creative emptiness. On love and knowledge." This book continues the discussion from the books "Double realites", "Unknowing and knowing" and "The Unseen". Starting with a description of present-day confusion, fragmentation and suffering on theoretical and existential levels, a second part follows where a deconstructive analysis of certain - often circular- claims for knowledge as "scientific" is found. It continues with a section exploring the interwovenness of mind, knowing and space, presenting "knowing" as a form of "open space without boundaries", turns to a discussion of the consequnces of relying on a tripartite time - past, present and future - which ends in the proposal of a possible "transcendence" of conventional time. The last chapter points out a lot of dilemmas and destructive consquences of social theory, politics and ideology and asks what it could possibly mean to take "love" as a ground for knowledge. Generally the book draws on analyses within "eastern" traditions, particularly the "deconstructions" done by the third century buddhist dialectician Nagarjuna and other classical and modern representatives of so-called Madhyamika dialectic and "sunyata" (emptiness) -philosophy. It expounds the many striking parallellells between the deconstructive Madhyamika dialectic and presentday deconstrutivism or so-called postmodern thinking. The difference with respect to practical realization is also discussed and the theoretical discussions of the book are recurringly referred to all kinds of "suffering", from what is called individual psychological, over interpersonal or collective to global and historical.
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| 10. |
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