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- Håkansson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Introduktion: Yrkesutbildningen och den ekonomiska historien
- 2013
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Ingår i: Yrkesutbildningens formering i Sverige 1940-1975. - 9789187351297 ; , s. 9-19
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yrkesutbildningen har både påverkat och påverkats av den ekonomiska historien och det finns åtminstone två olika teoretiska perspektiv som kan användas. Det ena är det strukturanalytiska perspektivet som utgår från att ekonomin förändras i cykler. En insikt och förståelse som projektet har gett är att yrkesutbildningen inte alltid entydigt följt dessa cykler, och framförallt inte för alla branscher samtidigt. Skogsindustrin, som exempel, påbörjade sin mekanisering mycket senare än många andra branscher i Sverige. Däremot kom behovet av utbildning (i stort sett) att följa branschens mekanisering. Det andra perspektivet är det nyinstitutionella. Detta perspektiv har delvis andra utgångspunkter där utvecklingen av en institution inte alltid motsvaras av vad som tycks mest rationellt. Istället är det uppfattningar, normer, risk och värdesystem som spelar in när institutioner skapas och upprätthålls (North 2005). I detta kapitel presenterar vi dessa teoretiska perspektiv för att undersöka deras relation till yrkesutbildningens formering 1940-1975.
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| 3. |
- Zielinski, Andrzej, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of comorbidity on the individual's choice of primary health care provider.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 29, s. 104-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. This study examined whether age, gender, and comorbidity were of importance for an individual's choice of listing with either a public or a private primary health care (PHC) practice. Design and setting. The study was a register-based closed cohort study in one private and one public PHC practice in Blekinge County in southern Sweden. Subjects. A cohort (12 696 individuals) was studied comprising all those listed with the public or private PHC practice on 1 October 2005 who were also listed with the public PHC practice on 1 October 2004. Main outcome measures. The listing/re-listing behaviour of the population in this cohort was studied at two points in time, 1 October 2005 and 1 October 2006, with respect to age, gender, and comorbidity level as measured by the ACG Case-Mix system. Results. Individuals listed with the public practice both on 1 October 2005 and one year later were significantly older, were more often females, and had a higher comorbidity level than individuals listed with the private practice. Individuals with a higher comorbidity level were more likely to re-list or to stay listed with the public practice. Conclusions. This study shows that the probability of choosing a public instead of private PHC provider increased with higher age and comorbidity level of the individuals. It is suggested that using a measure of comorbidity can help us understand more about the chronically ill individual's choice of health care provider. This would be of importance when health care policy-makers decide on reimbursement system or organization of PHC.
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| 6. |
- Beckman, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The role country of birth plays in receiving disability pensions in relation to patterns of health care utilisation and socioeconomic differences: a multilevel analysis of Malmo, Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: People of low socioeconomic status have worse health and a higher probability of being granted a disability pension than people of high socioeconomic status. It is also known that public and private general physicians and public and private specialists have varying practices for issuing sick leave certificates ( which, if longstanding, may become the basis of disability pensions). However, few studies have investigated the influence of a patient's country of birth in this context. Methods: We used multilevel logistic regression analysis with individuals ( first level) nested within countries of birth ( second level). We analysed the entire population between the ages of 40 and 64 years ( n = 80 212) in the city of Malmo, Sweden, in 2003, and identified 73% of that population who had visited a physician at least once during that year. We studied the associations between individuals and country of birth socioeconomic characteristics, as well as individual utilisation of different kinds of physicians in relation to having been granted a disability pension. Results: Living alone ( ORwomen = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.62 - 1.82; ORmen = 2.64, 95% CI: 2.46 - 2.83) and having limited educational achievement (ORwomen = 2.14, 95% CI: 2.00 - 2.29; ORmen = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.98 - 2.28) were positively associated with having a disability pension. Utilisation of public specialists was associated with a higher probability (ORwomen = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.98 - 2.25; ORmen = 2.16, 95% CI: 2.01 - 2.32) and utilisation of private GPs with a lower probability (ORmen = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69 - 0.83) of having a disability pension. However, these associations differed by countries of birth. Over and above individual socioeconomic status, men from middle income countries had a higher probability of having a disability pension (ORmen = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06 - 2.44). Conclusion: The country of one's birth appears to play a significant role in understanding how individual socioeconomic differences bear on the likelihood of receiving a disability pension and on associated patterns of health care utilisation.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A systematic self-assessment tool
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. - 9781904670360 ; , s. 311-316
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Bologna Process has led to fundamental changes in the way students are taught. This in turn has led to new quality assurance systems for teaching. For good outcomes to occur both the teachers and students need to be aware of the intended learning outcome (ILO) and this is made clearer by well defined Teacher/Learner Activities (TLAs). The Systematic Grading Procedure (SGP) has been shown to assist teachers grading student’s 3D-image work, fulfilling a need for assistance in subjects requiring grading of subjective nature. With the application of this method have both teachers and students been given a tool that helps them better understand the grading process and the level of importance of different parts of the 3D work. The aim of this study was to assess students’ learning outcomes. The SGP was used and compared by both teachers and students in assessing their own work. This study used four students who were introduced to the SGP at the introduction of the course. This was done to give then an idea how they are to understand the ILOs. After one of their assignments was graded the students were given an opportunity to improve their work using the SPG. Three of the four choose to improve their work. The ensuing interview and results showed that the SGP could be used as a tool to help students and teachers with the ILO and TLAs. In addition to that the SGP should further be tested for verification.
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| 9. |
- Coleman, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro Inhibition of respiratory pathogens by lactobacillus and alpha haemolytic streptococci from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 132:3, s. 2368-2378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To explore the in vitro ability of alpha haemolytic streptococcus (AHS) and lactobacilli (LBs), from Indigenous Australian children, to inhibit the growth of respiratory pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis), also from Indigenous Australian children.Methods and Results: The bacterial interference of 91 isolates, from Indigenous Australian children both with and without otitis media (OM) or rhinorrhoea, was investigated using agar overlay and cell-free supernatant. Promising isolates underwent whole genome sequencing to investigate upper respiratory tract tropism, antibiotic resistance and virulence. Antibiotic susceptibility was examined for ampicillin, amoxicillin +clavulanic acid and azithromycin. Differences in the strength of bacterial inferences in relation to OM was examined using a case series of three healthy and three children with OM. LBs readily inhibited the growth of pathogens. AHS were less effective, although several isolates inhibited S. pneumoniae. One L. rhamnosus had genes coding for pili to adhere to epithelial cells. We detected antibiotic resistance genes coding for antibiotic efflux pump and ribosomal protection protein. LBs were susceptible to antimicrobials in vitro. Screening for virulence detected genes encoding for two putative capsule proteins. Healthy children had AHS and LB that were more potent inhibitors of respiratory pathogens in vitro than children with OM.Conclusions: L. rhamnosus from remote Indigenous Australian children are potent inhibitors of respiratory pathogens in vitro.Significance and Impact of Study: Respiratory/ear disease are endemic in Indigenous Australians. There is an urgent call for more effective treatment/prevention; beneficial microbes have not been explored. L. rhamnosus investigated in this study are potent inhibitors of respiratory pathogens in vitro and require further investigation.
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| 10. |
- Ekvall-Hansson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of vision, proprioception, and the position of the vestibular organ on postural sway.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 130, s. 1358-1363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Conclusion: When measured together, it seems that vision and proprioception as well as position of the vestibular organ affect postural sway, vision the most. Mediolateral (ML) sway does not seem to be influenced by the position of the vestibular organ. Objective: To investigate how postural sway was affected by provocation of vision, by the position of the vestibular organ, and by provocation of proprioception, when measured together. Methods: Postural sway was measured by using a force plate. Tests were performed with eyes open and eyes closed, with head in neutral position and rotated to the right and to the left and with head maximally extended, both standing on firm surface and on foam. Measures of ML speed (mm/s), anteriorposterior (AP) speed (mm/s), and sway area (SA) (mm(2)/s) were analyzed using a multilevel approach. Results: The multilevel analysis revealed how postural sway was significantly affected by closed eyes and standing on foam, and by the position of the vestibular organ. Closed eyes and standing on foam both significantly prolonged the dependent measurement, irrespective of whether it was ML, AP or SA. However, only AP and SA were significantly affected by vestibular position, i.e. maximal head movement to the right and extension of the head.
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