| 1. |
- Bonderup Dohn, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Conclusion : Emerging themes in sustainable networked learning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainable networked learning. - Cham, Switwerland : Springer Nature. - 9783031427176 - 9783031427183 ; , s. 265-279
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this concluding chapter, we point to themes that emerge from the chapters in this book on sustainable networked learning. The themes cut across different sections of the book, indicating their broader significance. These themes are the lasting effects of lockdown online teaching; Digital sustainability for the future; Future roles of networked learning in society; Balancing utopia and dystopia in visions of AI and open data; Speculative methods in research, education and design; and Balancing qualitative and quantitative data in the research of networked educational settings: Studies at the community and project levels.
|
|
| 2. |
- Frössling, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Application of network analysis parameters in risk-based surveillance - Examples based on cattle trade data and bovine infections in Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Preventive Veterinary Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5877 .- 1873-1716. ; 105:3, s. 202-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Financial resources may limit the number of samples that can be collected and analysed in disease surveillance programmes. When the aim of surveillance is disease detection and identification of case herds, a risk-based approach can increase the sensitivity of the surveillance system. In this paper, the association between two network analysis measures, i.e. ‘in-degree’ and ‘ingoing infection chain’, and signs of infection is investigated. It is shown that based on regression analysis of combined data from a recent cross-sectional study for endemic viral infections and network analysis of animal movements, a positive serological result for bovine coronavirus (BCV) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is significantly associated with the purchase of animals. For BCV, this association was significant also when accounting for herd size and regional cattle density, but not for BRSV. Examples are given for different approaches to include cattle movement data in risk-based surveillance by selecting herds based on network analysis measures. Results show that compared to completely random sampling these approaches increase the number of detected positives, both for BCV and BRSV in our study population. It is concluded that network measures for the relevant time period based on updated databases of animal movements can provide a simple and straight forward tool for risk-based sampling.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Håkansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
A strategic analysis of slaughterhouses and animal transportation in Sweden
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The number of slaughterhouses in Sweden has decreased over time. Fewer slaughterhouses are expected to affect the transport time for animals and as a consequence animal welfare. We have analyzed the transportto- slaughter system, for pigs and cattle, using transport-data from 2008, geographical information for slaughterhouses and farms, and actual route distances between facilities. We made a strategic analysis of the existing slaughterhouses and tested the impact of numbers decreasing further. With strategic planning the potential reduction of transport distance is 25% for pigs and 40% for cattle. About 50% of the slaughterhouses in Sweden could be closed down with small effect on the total transport work. This implies that for the national total animal welfare which animals are sent where, is much more important than the number of slaughterhouses. However for the welfare (transport time and distance) of the animals in long transports number of slaughterhouses (regular or mobile) is important. Animal welfare weights of distances in the objective function decreases the amount of transports with long route times. We have investigated where in Sweden it would be beneficial to use mobile slaughterhouses. Animals are usually not sent to closest slaughterhouse; we show how slaughterhouse capacity must change if that transport strategy was applied.
|
|
| 5. |
- Håkansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Generating structure specific networks
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Advances in Complex Systems. - : World Scientific Publishing Company. - 0219-5259. ; 13:2, s. 239-250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theoretical exploration of network structure significance requires a range of different networks for comparison. Here, we present a new method to construct networks in a spatial setting that uses spectral methods in combination with a probability distribution function. Nearly all previous algorithms for network construction have assumed randomized distribution of links or a distribution dependent on the degree of the nodes. We relax those assumptions. Our algorithm is capable of creating spectral networks along a gradient from random to highly clustered or diverse networks. Number of nodes and link density are specified from start and the structure is tuned by three parameters (gamma, sigma, kappa). The structure is measured by fragmentation, degree assortativity, clustering and group betweenness of the networks. The parameter gamma regulates the aggregation in the spatial node pattern and sigma and kappa regulates the probability of link forming.
|
|
| 6. |
- Håkansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Improvement of animal welfare by strategic analysis and logistic optimisation of animal slaughter transportation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - : Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 25:2, s. 255-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transportation of animals to slaughterhouses is a major welfare concern. The number of slaughterhouses has decreased over time in Europe due to centralisation. This is expected to increase transport time for animals and as a consequence negatively affect animal welfare. We propose an optimisation model based on a facility location model to perform strategic analysis to improve transportation logistics. The model is tested on the Swedish slaughter transport system. We show that, by strategic planning and redirection of transports while keeping the slaughterhouse capacities as of the originaldata, the potential exists to reduce transport distance by 25% for pigs and 40% for cattle. Furthermore, we demonstrated that approximately 50% of Swedish slaughterhouses can be shut down with a minimal effect on total transport distances. This implies that in terms of the overall welfare picture, the decision of which animals to send where plays a for more significant role than the number of slaughterhouses. In addition, by changing relative weights on distances in the optimisation function the amount of individualtransports with longjourney times can be decreased. We also show results from altered slaughterhouse capacity and geographical location of slaughterhouses. This is the first time an entire country has been analysed in great detail with respect to the location, capacity and number of slaughterhouses. The focus is mainly on the analysis of unique and detailed information of actual animal transports in Sweden and a demonstration of the potential impact redirection of the transports and/ or altering of slaughterhouses can have on animal welfare.
|
|
| 7. |
- Håkansson, Nina
(författare)
-
Network analysis and optimization of animal transports
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about animal transports and their effect on animal welfare. Transports are needed in today’s system of livestock farming. Long transports are stressful for animals and infectious diseases can spread via animal transports. With optimization methods transport times can be minimized, but there is a trade-off between short distances for the animals and short distances for the trucks. The risk of disease spread in the transport system and disease occurrence at farms can be studied with models and network analysis.The animal transport data and the quality of the data in the Swedish national database of cattle and pig transports are investigated in the thesis. The data is analyzed regarding number of transports, number of farms, seasonality, geographical properties, transport distances, network measures of individual farms and network measures of the system. The data can be used as input parameters in epidemic models.Cattle purchase reports are double reported and we found that there are incorrect and missing reports in the database. The quality is improving over the years i.e. 5% of cattle purchase reports were not correctly double reported in 2006, 3% in 2007 and 1% in 2008. In the reports of births and deaths of cattle we detected date preferences; more cattle births and deaths are reported on the 1st, 10th and 20th each month. This is because when we humans don’t remember the exact number we tend to pick nice numbers (like 1, 10 and 20). This implies that the correct date is not always reported.Network analysis and network measures are suggested as tools to estimate risk for disease spread in transport systems and risk of disease introduction to individual holdings. Network generation algorithms can be used together with epidemic models to test the ability of network measures to predict disease risks. I have developed, and improved, a network generation algorithm that generates a large variety of structures.In my thesis I also suggest a method, the good choice heuristic, for generating non-optimal routes. Today coordination of animal transports is neither optimal nor random. In epidemic simulations we need to model routes as close to the actual driven routes as possible and the good choice heuristic can model that. The heuristic is tuned by two parameters and creates coordination of routes from completely random to almost as good as the Clarke and Wright heuristic. I also used the method to make the rough estimate that transport distances for cattle can be reduced by 2-24% with route-coordination optimization of transports-to-slaughter.Different optimization methods can be used to minimize the transport times for animal-transports in Sweden. For transports-to-slaughter the strategic planning of “which animals to send where” is the first step to optimize. I investigated data from 2008 and found that with strategic planning, given the slaughterhouse capacity, transport distances can be decreased by about 25% for pigs and 40% for cattle. The slaughterhouse capacity and placement are limiting the possibility to minimize transport times for the animals. The transport distances could be decreased by 60% if all animals were sent to the closest slaughterhouse 2008. Small-scale and mobile slaughterhouses have small effect on total transport work (total transport distance for all the animals) but are important for the transport distances of the animals that travel the longest.
|
|
| 8. |
- Håkansson, Nina, et al.
(författare)
-
Route planning reduces the costs of animal transportation : Animal welfare versus economics
- 2007
-
Ingår i: XIII International Congress in Animal Hygiene, June 17–21, 2007, Tartu, Estonia. - 9789949426300 ; , s. 1044-1048
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animals are more stressed on long transport routes with stops at many farms. The positions of farms and abattoirs are the basic properties that set the limits for route planning. Mobile abattoirs can reduce the cost of transportation and increase the welfare for the animals. The trade-offs between welfare and profit can be reduced by effective route planning. We have, by computer simulations, investigated how trade-offs differs between areas in Sweden and in general landscapes. The general results are applicable to any area and hence for animal transportation in general.
|
|
| 9. |
- Jaldemark, Jimmy, Docent, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Sustainable networked learning. - Cham, Switwerland : Springer Nature. - 9783031427176 - 9783031427183 ; , s. 1-15
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present book has emerged from the 13th International Conference on Networked Learning (NLC, 2022), held 16–18 May 2022 at Mid-Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden. The conference had a high number of interesting, high-quality research papers, which made it a difficult task to select papers to be further developed into chapters for this book. To aid our editorial decisions, in the final plenary session of the conference, we encouraged the delegates to discuss what themes and ideas they had found most interesting and/or thought-provoking during the many presentations. Comments were collated on an online board (a padlet), creating a rich plethora of potential focal points for this volume. With this as the outset, we found a set of overarching themes that each encompassed a sufficient number of papers corresponding to delegates’ articulated interests. From there, the process leading to the present collection included several rounds of reviews and revisions through which authors of the chosen papers further developed their contributions.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lennartsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
-
Is a Sampled Network a Good Enough Descriptor? Missing Links and Appropriate Choice of Representation
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Missing links due to sampling difficulties can be a limitation in network analysis. Measurements and analysis of networks with insufficient data may make the actual properties indistinct and thus include too much uncertainty to lead to accurate inferences. In addition, in dynamical networks with low link degrees and high stochasticity one sample of the network structure during a finite time window may not be sufficient for general conclusions. Our interest here is to examine the possible consequences of analysis of networks with insufficient data. We studied how mean link degree in sampled networks affects predictions of the spread of disease. Networks with weighted links were used to run scenarios that assumed distance-dependent probabilities of disease transmission when applying general simulation methodology. These scenarios were compared with scenarios including randomly drawn probabilities of disease transmission. For both types of scenarios, we also tested two link-forming methods, one based on distance-dependence and the other on a random approach. Our findings imply that sampled networks must be improved by using statistical measures before attempting to estimate or predict the spread of disease. We conclude that, under the assumption of weighted links, predictions about the extent of an epidemic can be drawn only at mean degrees that are much higher than found in empirical studies. In reality, neither sampling procedures nor disease transmissions are completely dependent on distance. Our results show how this aspect enforces an even higher level of mean degree to be present in order to achieve reasonable predictions.
|
|
