| 1. |
- Conti, David, V, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
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| 4. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 5. |
- Lenninger, Sara M.
(författare)
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When similarity qualifies as a sign : a study in picture understanding and semiotic development in young children
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The general goal of this thesis is to elucidate children’s early understandings of pictorial meanings, and how one can know anything about them. My central aim is to explore how picture comprehension develops during children’s first 3 years of life, through semiotic-theory-derived analyses of meaning relations. In so doing, I hope to contribute to the study of both semiotic theory’s psychological basis and the role of semiotic processes in cognitive development: specifically, in children’s experiences of pictorial meanings.In an experimental object retrieval test, including pictures, I show the importance of studying concrete instances of children’s experiences. Among its key results is that, for a group of children who are close to the threshold of being able to use the picture to solve the retrieval task, indexical cuing assists their understanding. One central claims is that the picture sign reflects a dual semiotic process: on the one hand, picture understanding relies on recognition of perceptual similarities; on the other, it draws on communicative processes that are intrinsic to all sign constructions. This duality is particularly interesting when it comes to looking at children’s development of picture understanding. Through similarity relations, children perceive accurate – but initially private, and semiotically premature – understanding of pictures. At the same time though, children are alert to communicative meanings from the start.
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| 6. |
- Antonov, Conny, et al.
(författare)
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IMPROVISATÖRERNA – experimentella närmanden till improviserad opera som konstnärligt uttryck och redskap för pedagogisk utveckling
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Opera improvisation at The Malmö Academy of Music has been a pedagogical and artistic experiment. This is the final account concerning this pedagogical and artistic research project. Singers who are studying classical singing at the bachelor and master programmes of theacademy have participated. The account includes historical and theoretical reflections on the subject and comments on the work in progress. At the same time this publication, with its attached DVD, can be used as a handbook for those who have a particular interest in working with improvisation where the starting-point is opera. During the period 2007-2008 we organized about fifteen seminars, a three day workshop atthe island of Ven, and four public performances. In this experiment different purposes and methods of working have been included in order to find out how the unexpected, the spontaneous, the non-prepared can influence and inspire singing students, generally familiar with performing already composed classical music. The purpose has been to make them readyto improvise text, music and sceneries and to create complete performances in dialogue with the audience; performances where the audience is incorporated, for example in proposing subjects and genres. The singing student, acting as “musical craftsman”, builds her or his own tool-box. During the exercises in improvisation the students fill their boxes with tools that they are later able to use not only in their continued work with opera improvisation, but in other scenic and performing situations as well.In the opening part of this account there is a summary about the conditions for this project, and some thoughts concerning the possibilities of opera improvisation. Then there follows a section that, among other things, discusses different possible genealogies in the development of the art of improvisation. We have, for instance, found several similarities with gliimprovvisatori in Italy during the first part of the 19th century. They are frequently mentioned in travel books and novels from that time, for instance in Improvisatoren by Hans Christian Andersen. After that there is a section where musical improvisation is considered in relation to a developmental perspective, followed by some personal reflections on working with the project. In the part Att skapa och gestalta, To Create and Portray, opera improvisation is discussed from perspectives of creating and communicating. It also deals with the issue of how form and tradition is included in improvisation. The last part of this publication is acollection of examples of exercises, exercises that those participating in the project have been using. On the enclosed DVD it is possible to watch and hear examples from seminars and performances.
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| 7. |
- Bertilsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Acute Pancreatitis : Impact of Alcohol Consumption and Seasonal Factors
- 2017
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3502 .- 0735-0414. ; 52:3, s. 383-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We aimed to evaluate the potential relation between the incidence of (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) acute pancreatitis (AP) and alcohol consumption in the general population, and whether the occurrence of AP shows any seasonal variation, particularly in relation to periods with expected increased alcohol consumption.Methods: All patients with first-time AP between 2003 and 2012 in a well-defined area in Sweden were retrospectively identified. Data on AP aetiology (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) and severity were registered. Data on annual alcohol sales as well as on self-reported alcohol consumption were obtained.Results: In total, 1457 AP patients were included (83% non-alcoholic AP, 17% alcoholic AP). The overall AP incidence showed increasing time trends for women and men (P < 0.05), but there were no significant changes in the incidence of alcoholic AP, in either sex (P > 0.05). Alcohol sales during the study period decreased (P = 0.002), mainly due to decreased sales of spirits (P = 0.001) and beer (P = 0.002), while self-reported alcohol consumption remained stable for women (P > 0.05) and decreased for men (P = 0.022). Neither alcohol sales nor consumption was related to the time trends of AP (P > 0.05 for all). No significant differences were found in the occurrence of AP among different seasons of the year or between holidays associated with higher alcohol consumption compared to periods before and after these holidays (P > 0.05 for all).Conclusions: Changes in alcohol consumption in the general population do not appear to be related to changes in the incidence of AP and there are no significant seasonal differences in the occurrence of AP in Sweden.Short summary: The incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) is increasing, and alcohol is still recognized as one of the most common causes. In this study, however, we could not ascertain any clear relations between the sales and consumption of alcohol in the general population and the incidence of alcoholic or non-alcoholic AP.
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| 8. |
- Bertilsson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Microproteinuria Predicts Organ Failure in Patients Presenting with Acute Pancreatitis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2568 .- 0163-2116. ; 61:12, s. 3592-3601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The disease course of acute pancreatitis (AP) ranges from mild and self-limiting to severe inflammation, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At present, there are no universally accepted and reliable predictors for severity. Microproteinuria has been associated with the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome as well as trauma, although its association with AP is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of microproteinuria to predict development of organ failure in AP.METHODS: Consecutive AP patients were prospectively enrolled. Urine samples were collected upon admission, 12-24 h after admission, and 3 months post-discharge for calculation of urine α1-microglobulin-, albumin-, IgG-, and IgM/creatinine ratios. Data regarding AP etiology, severity, and development of organ failure were registered.RESULTS: Overall, 92 AP patients were included (14 % with organ failure; 6 % with severe AP). The α1-microglobulin-, albumin-, and IgG/creatinine ratios correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 48 h after admission (r = 0.47-0.61, p < 0.001 for all). They were also significantly higher in patients with versus without organ failure (p < 0.05 for all). The α1-microglobulin/creatinine ratio upon admission predicted organ failure [adjusted odds ratio 1.286, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.024-1.614] with similar accuracy (AUROC 0.81, 95 % CI 0.69-0.94) as the more complex APACHE II score (AUROC 0.86, 95 % CI 0.70-1.00).CONCLUSION: The α1-microglobulin/creatinine ratio upon presentation with AP is related to inflammation and predicts development of organ failure. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its potential usefulness in predicting outcome for AP patients.
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| 10. |
- Björner Brauer, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Re-configuring practices in times of energy crisis : A case study of Swedish households
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 114, s. 103578-103578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the autumn, winter and early spring of 2022/2023, Europe faced rapidly increasing energy prices and threats of power cuts. The situation was consequently labelled an “energy crisis”, and one sector that was severely affected was households. In response to the situation, European households made efforts to reduce and time-shift their energy use to mitigate the effects of the crisis. Considering that domestic energy practices are often difficult to change, particularly in the long term, we find this effect of the energy crisis on households important to understand more deeply. In this paper, we use social practice theory to investigate how Swedish households responded to the crisis and what changes they made in terms of re-configurations of their practices. The aim was to contribute knowledge on how households adapt to a changing energy system with volatile prices, limitations in electric power, and threats of energy crisis. We conducted two rounds of semi-structured interviews with 9 households in single-family houses in the middle and south of Sweden during and after the crisis, in total 18 interviews, to examine what re-configurations of practices emerged and which persisted over time. The results show that significant changes were apparent in primarily the practice domains of heating and hygiene. While some of these changes were temporary, other re-configurations of energy practices persisted beyond the months of crisis and high prices, indicating that meanings of frugality and sufficiency were strengthened. Our results demonstrate that households were reminded of certain electricity use that is otherwise typically backgrounded in homes and that the energy crisis stimulated re-configuration and re-examination of norms as well as reflection on electricity use in general. Finally, we discuss the effects of the energy crisis on household practices in comparison with other crises and disruptions, and point to the importance of communicating clearly with households about the societal effects of their efforts, in order to manage the legacy of this crisis for similar future crisis situations.
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