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- Donini, Lorenzo M, et al.
(författare)
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A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - Milan : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 27, s. 3695-3711
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Since the term orthorexia nervosa (ON) was coined from the Greek (ὀρθός, right and ὄρεξις, appetite) in 1997 to describe an obsession with “correct” eating, it has been used worldwide without a consistent definition. Although multiple authors have proposed diagnostic criteria, and many theoretical papers have been published, no consensus definition of ON exists, empirical primary evidence is limited, and ON is not a standardized diagnosis. These gaps prevent research to identify risk and protective factors, pathophysiology, functional consequences, and evidence-based therapeutic treatments. The aims of the current study are to categorize the common observations and presentations of ON pathology among experts in the eating disorder field, propose tentative diagnostic criteria, and consider which DSM chapter and category would be most appropriate for ON should it be included.Methods: 47 eating disorder researchers and multidisciplinary treatment specialists from 14 different countries across four continents completed a three-phase modified Delphi process, with 75% agreement determined as the threshold for a statement to be included in the final consensus document. In phase I, participants were asked via online survey to agree or disagree with 67 statements about ON in four categories: A–Definition, Clinical Aspects, Duration; B–Consequences; C–Onset; D–Exclusion Criteria, and comment on their rationale. Responses were used to modify the statements which were then provided to the same participants for phase II, a second round of feedback, again in online survey form. Responses to phase II were used to modify and improve the statements for phase III, in which statements that met the predetermined 75% of agreement threshold were provided for review and commentary by all participants.Results: 27 statements met or exceeded the consensus threshold and were compiled into proposed diagnostic criteria for ON.Conclusions: This is the first time a standardized definition of ON has been developed from a worldwide, multidisciplinary cohort of experts. It represents a summary of observations, clinical expertise, and research findings from a wide base of knowledge. It may be used as a base for diagnosis, treatment protocols, and further research to answer the open questions that remain, particularly the functional consequences of ON and how it might be prevented or identified and intervened upon in its early stages. Although the participants encompass many countries and disciplines, further research will be needed to determine if these diagnostic criteria are applicable to the experience of ON in geographic areas not represented in the current expert panel.Level of evidence: Level V: opinions of expert committees.© 2022, The Author(s).
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| 2. |
- Donini, Lorenzo M., et al.
(författare)
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Correction : A consensus document on definition and diagnostic criteria for orthorexia nervosa
- 2023
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Ingår i: Eating and Weight Disorders. - Milan : Springer. - 1124-4909 .- 1590-1262. ; 28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article Rebecca C. Reynolds was missing from the author list. The complete correct author group is given below. Lorenzo M. Donini, Juan Ramón Barrada, Friederike Barthels, Thomas M. Dunn, Camille Babeau, Anna Brytek-Matera, Hellas Cena, Silvia Cerolini, Hye-hyun Cho, Maria Coimbra, Massimo Cuzzolaro, Claudia Ferreira, Valeria Galfano, Maria G. Grammatikopoulou, Souheil Hallit, Linn Håman, Phillipa Hay, Masahito Jimbo, Clotilde Lasson, Eva-Carin Lindgren, Renee McGregor, Marianna Minnetti, Edoardo Mocini, Sahar Obeid, Crystal D. Oberle, Maria-Dolores Onieva-Zafra, Marie-Christine Opitz, María-Laura Parra-Fernández, Reinhard Pietrowsky, Natalija Plasonja, Eleonora Poggiogalle, Adrien Rigó, Rachel F. Rodgers, Maria Roncero, Carmina Saldaña, Cristina Segura-Garcia, Jessica Setnick, Ji-Yeon Shin, Grazia Spitoni, Jana Strahler, Nanette Stroebele-Benschop, Patrizia Todisco, Mariacarolina Vacca, Martina Valente, Màrta Varga, Andrea Zagaria, Hana Flynn Zickgraf, Rebecca C. Reynolds & Caterina Lombardo. The original article [1] has been corrected. © 2023, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 3. |
- Håman, Linn, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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An Empowerment-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Older People with Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration : An Exploratory Qualitative Case Study Design
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - Basel : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 13:13, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of incurable visual impairment and impacts daily life. There are benefits of physical activity for people who are affected with AMD; however, living with AMD is associated with lower levels of physical activity and social isolation. The aim of this study was to explore how older people with AMD in Sweden experienced participation in a 6-month empowerment-based physical activity intervention and how it influenced their physical abilities. Methods: The participants were nine individuals with AMD aged 70–87 years. The intervention comprised physical and social activities in a group twice a week and individual health coaching on three occasions. The study was based on an exploratory qualitative case study design. Results: The findings showed two themes: created meaningfulness in life and creative and playful ways to develop body movements. The findings also showed improved muscle strength after the intervention. Conclusions: The findings showed that participants had increased social connectedness, improved physical self-efficacy and physical ability, as well as improved muscle strength. The empowerment process of the intervention was appreciated by the participants and challenged them to participate in physical activity offered by the municipality for older individuals. © 2024 by the authors.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Håman, Linn, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Empowering older people with age-related macular degeneration : An Empowerment-Based Physical Activity Intervention
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of incurable visual impairment. These impacts include loss of social activities, decreased functional independence, and reduced physical activity.The purpose of the study was to explore the participants' experiences and meanings expressed by people with AMD participating in an empowerment-based intervention.Methods: The study has an explorative design based on ethnographic observations and informal interviews during the Empowerment-Based Physical Activity Intervention (EPI). The intervention embraced empowerment as a process and adopted the reflective equilibrium community empowerment approach. The EPI was carried out over six months and comprised adapted physical activity and social activities twice a week—furthermore, individual health coaching on three occasions. Nine women and two men aged 70-87 years old with AMD in Sweden participated in EPI. Field notes of the observations were analysed using a thematic method with an abductive approach.Findings: The analysis resulted in five themes: a) Feeling seen and included, b) Having a sense of security, c) Developing physical skills, d) Feeling meaningful and social connectedness, and e) Feeling increased motivation.Conclusion: Based on the findings, EPI has been a resource for the participants' well-being and development. The findings also filled a gap in the research literature and may provide insights into the potential of creative supervised, adapted physical activity in groups, health coaching, and socialising.
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| 8. |
- Håman, Linn, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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"If it's not Iron it's Iron f*cking biggest Ironman": personal trainers' views on health norms, orthorexia and deviant behaviours
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Orthorexia nervosa (ON) describes a pathological obsession with healthy eating to avoid ill health. In the Swedish context, ON is also understood in terms of unhealthy exercise. Fitness gyms are popular health-promoting places, but exercise-related problems, disordered eating and ON-like behaviour are increasing. Personal trainers (PTs) play an important role in detecting unhealthy behaviours. The aim of the present study was to illuminate PTs' under-standings of healthy and unhealthy exercise and eating behaviours in relation to orthorexia nervosa in a fitness gym context. Five focus groups with 14 PTs were conducted. These were analysed using interpretative qualitative content analysis and Becker's model "Kinds of Deviance." In contrast to PTs' health norms (practicing balanced behaviours and contributing to well-being), ON was expressed mainly in terms of exercise behaviour and as being excessive and in total control. The PTs maintain that extreme behaviours are legitimized by an aggressive exercise trend in society and that they fear to falsely accuse clients of being pathological. Certain sport contexts (bodybuilding, fitness competitions and elite sports) and specific groups (fitness professionals) contribute to complicating PTs' negotiations due to a competition, performance and/or profession norm, making it difficult to determine whether or not to intervene.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Håman, Linn, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Orthorexia nervosa : An integrative literature review of a lifestyle syndrome
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - Järfälla : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 10:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bratman first proposed orthorexia nervosa in the late 1990s, defining it an obsession with eating healthy food to achieve, for instance, improved health. Today, in the Swedish media, excessive exercising plays a central role in relation to orthorexia. A few review articles on orthorexia have been conducted; however, these have not focused on aspects of food and eating, sport, exercise, or a societal perspective. The overall aim of this study was to provide an overview and synthesis of what philosophies of science approaches form the current academic framework of orthorexia. Key questions were: What aspects of food and eating are related to orthorexia? What role do exercise and sports play in relation to orthorexia? In what ways are orthorexia contextualized? Consequently, the concept of healthism was used to discuss and contextualize orthorexia. The method used was an integrative literature review; the material covered 19 empirical and theoretical articles published in peer-reviewed journals. This review demonstrates a multifaceted nature of orthorexia research; this field has been examined from four different philosophies of science approaches (i.e., empirical-atomistic, empirical-atomistic with elements of empirical-holistic, empirical-holistic, and rational-holistic) on individual, social, and societal levels. The majority of the articles followed an empirical-atomistic approach that focused on orthorexia as an individual issue, which was discussed using healthism. Our analysis indicates a need for (a) more empirical-holistic research that applies interpretive qualitative methods and uses a social perspective of health, e.g., healthism and (b) examining the role of sports and exercise in relation to orthorexia that takes the problematizing of "orthorexic behaviours" within the sports context into account.
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