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- Aring, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Strabismus and binocular functions in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years
- 2005
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Ingår i: Strabismus. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0927-3972 .- 1744-5132. ; 13:2, s. 55-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate strabismus, head posture, nystagmus, stereoacuity, ocular motility, near point of convergence (NPC) and accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio (AC/A) in a sample of Swedish children. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 143 children, 4-15 years of age. RESULTS: Heterotropia was found in five children (3.5%), four with esotropia and one with exotropia. One child with esotropia had a slight overaction of both inferior oblique muscles. Heterophoria was found in 37 children (26%) at near and/or distance fixation and it was four times more common at near than at distance. In 29 children, heterophoria was found at one distance only and orthophoria at the other. Orthophoria at both near and distance fixation was noted in 101 children (70.5%). The near point of convergence was < or =6 cm in 97% of the children and 97% had stereoacuity of 60" or better. In the whole group, the median AC/A ratio calculated with the heterophoria method was 5.6/1 prism diopters/diopters (PD/D) and with the gradient method, 1.3/1 PD/D. No anomalous head postures or nystagmus were observed and all children had normal versions. CONCLUSION: In this study, 143 well-defined children were investigated with a battery of accurately described tests, commonly used in clinical practice. These results are in agreement with those of other studies examining one or few variables in larger populations and the authors therefore conclude that their results may be used for comparisons with different patient groups.
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| 5. |
- Fahlke, Claudia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Amphetamine-induced hyperactivity: differences between rats with high or low preference for alcohol.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.). - 0741-8329. ; 12:4, s. 363-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study determined the relationship between ethanol intake and spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor activity. Locomotion was studied in high-preferring (HP; > 70% of total fluid intake consumed as alcohol) and low-preferring (LP; < 20% of total fluid intake consumed as alcohol) male Wistar rats with free access to water and a 6% (v/v) ethanol solution for 3 weeks. Following an alcohol-free 3-week period, the animals were tested for spontaneous motor activity for 1 h. One week later, locomotion was recorded in the same activity boxes following a subcutaneous injection with d-amphetamine sulfate (1 mg/kg). For determination of plasma levels of corticosterone, blood samples were taken immediately after each of the two tests for locomotor activity. There was no difference between HP and LP rats with regard to spontaneous locomotor activity. Neither were there any differences in plasma levels of corticosterone between the groups. Amphetamine stimulated locomotion in both HP and LP rats, but to a significantly greater extent in HP animals. Both groups had higher blood levels of corticosterone after the amphetamine test than after the drug-free test, but the corticosterone increase was significantly larger in the HP than in the LP rats. These data indicate that the same neural substrate (e.g., the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system) may mediate important aspects of both ethanol drinking and amphetamine responsiveness. Individual differences in the properties of this substrate may account for the finding that ethanol drinking and amphetamine responsiveness covary. A possible explanation for this association may be that prior consumption of ethanol sensitizes the neural substrate responsible for amphetamine-induced hyperactivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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- Fahlke, Claudia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Consequence of long-term exposure to corticosterone or dexamethasone on ethanol consumption in the adrenalectomized rat, and the effect of type I and type II corticosteroid receptor antagonists.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Psychopharmacology. - 0033-3158. ; 117:2, s. 216-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The daily fluid intake of male Wistar rats with simultaneous access to 6% ethanol and water was determined during a baseline period (1 week), following adrenalectomy (1 week) and for 3 weeks following SC implantation of hormone pellets containing corticosterone (CORT) or dexamethasone (DEX). Ethanol consumption dropped during the first week of adrenalectomy (ADX) but increased again in the absence of hormone replacement to reach preoperative levels during the ensuing weeks. The CORT treatment, which produced plasma hormone levels similar to the 24-h mean concentration of adrenally intact rats, not only reversed the effect of ADX on alcohol consumption but also enhanced it to levels above those observed in intact rats. Water intake was not affected by the CORT treatment. DEX implants stimulated water intake, but did not enhance the drinking of ethanol. SC injections of RU 28318 (type I corticosterone receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg) or mifepristone (RU 38486; type II receptor antagonist; 25 mg/kg) at the beginning and halfway through three daily, 6-h tests failed to affect ethanol drinking in adrenally intact rats or in ADX rats bearing CORT implants. Similarly, there was no effect of giving the two antagonists in combination. These results suggest that exogenous CORT can induce excessive alcohol intake in genetically unselected rats and that this facilitatory effect may be mediated by non-genomic cellular mechanisms.
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| 7. |
- Fahlke, Claudia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ventral striatal 6-OHDA lesions or amphetamine sensitization on ethanol consumption in the rat.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. - 0091-3057. ; 47:2, s. 345-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Female rats with continuous access to water and 6% ethanol were given bilateral ventral striatal 6-OHDA infusions, which induced pronounced striatal depletions of dopamine. The postoperative ethanol consumption of these rats was not significantly affected in comparison to vehicle-infused controls. In a second experiment, female rats received escalating doses of d-amphetamine over a 5-week period (from 1 to 9 mg/kg/injection). Control females were given saline injections. Following a 3-month drug-free interval, the females were given access to ethanol, the concentration of which was gradually increased from 2% to 12% with weekly intervals. Amphetamine-sensitized rats consumed significantly more alcohol than the saline-treated controls. Taken together, these results suggest that striatal dopaminergic mechanisms, while not necessary for basal ethanol drinking, can facilitate alcohol drinking.
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- Fahlke, Claudia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitation of ethanol consumption by intracerebroventricular infusions of corticosterone.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Psychopharmacology. - 0033-3158. ; 127:2, s. 133-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male Wistar rats bearing intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannulae and with simultaneous access to 6% ethanol and water were subjected to adrenalectomy (ADX) or sham surgery. ADX decreased ethanol intake. Starting a few days later, the animals received ICV infusions with 100 micrograms corticosterone acetate (CORT) with 2-to 3-day intervals for 2 weeks. ICV CORT, but not SC CORT at the same dose, restored ethanol consumption in ADX rats to preoperative levels, whereas vehicle infusions (propylene glycol) did not. Adrenally intact animals, which normally consumed moderate amounts of ethanol (approximately 0.5 g/kg per day), also showed a robust effect of ICV infusions of CORT, whereas this facilitatory effect was not observed in high consumers (approximately 3.0 g/kg per day). The suppressive effect of ADX on ethanol intake was not reproduced by concurrent and repeated ICV infusions of intracellular mineralocorticoid (RU 28318) and glucocorticoid (mifepristone) receptor blockers. It is concluded that CORT stimulates alcohol consumption by acting in the brain, probably by way of neuronal membrane mechanisms.
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| 9. |
- Fahlke, Claudia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Metyrapone-induced suppression of corticosterone synthesis reduces ethanol consumption in high-preferring rats.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. - 0091-3057. ; 48:4, s. 977-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fluid intake of male Wistar rats with simultaneous access to water and 6% ethanol was determined between 0900 and 1500 h. In high-preferring males (normally covering > 60% of their daily fluid consumption in the form of ethanol), two injections with the corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone (50 mg/kg) at 0900 h and 1200 h for 4 consecutive days significantly reduced ethanol preference such that they preferred water over alcohol. Treatment with corticosterone (0.6 mg/kg) 2 h before each metyrapone injection partially cancelled this effect of the synthesis inhibitor. By contrast, there was no significant effect of metyrapone treatment on the drinking of ethanol in low-preferring rats (normally covering < 30% of their daily fluid consumption in the form of ethanol). These results suggest that the adrenal secretion of corticosterone directly or indirectly modulates the intake of alcohol in high-preferring rats.
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| 10. |
- Gosch, M., et al.
(författare)
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Parallel dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy using diffractive optical elements
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Optics. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 1083-3668 .- 1560-2281. ; 10:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dual-color cross-correlation spectroscopy allows the detection and quantification of labeled biomolecules at ultra-low concentrations, whereby the sensitivity of the assay correlates with the measurement time. We now describe a parallel multifocal dual-color spectroscopic configuration employing multiple avalanche photodiodes and hardware correlators. Cross-correlation curves are obtained from several dual-color excitation foci simultaneously. Multifocal dual-color excitation is achieved by splitting each of two laser beams (488 and 633 nm) into four sub-beams with the help of two 2 X 2 fan-out diffractive optical elements (DOES), and subsequent superposition of the two sets of four foci. The fluorescence emission from double-labeled biomolecules is detected by two 2 x 2 fiber arrays.
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