| 1. |
- Andersson, David Emanuely, et al.
(författare)
-
The geography of science in 12 European countries : a NUTS2-level analysis
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Springer Nature. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 124:2, s. 1099-1125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe has a long history as a global center of scientific research, but not all European regions are alike. Regions such as ile de France and the corridor that stretches from Cambridge to Oxford via London produce a disproportionate share of Europe's science output. An econometric analysis sheds light on the factors that explain the spatial distribution of European science. One result is that the regional volume of Web of Science publications depends on the regional number of researchers in higher education institutions. This is however not the only cause of high output. Universities and their surrounding regions are slowly evolving institutional structures. Some regions host universities that are more than 500 years old. A second key result is that an increase in the age of a region's oldest university is associated with greater output, other things being equal. Third, interregional accessibility via road, rail, and air networks is important for small regions, but not for large ones. Conversely, regional high-tech R&D employment is important for large but not for small regions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, David Emanuel, et al.
(författare)
-
Unemployment in European regions: structural problems versus the Eurozone hypothesis
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economic Geography. - Oxford University Press : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2702 .- 1468-2710. ; 15:5, s. 883-905
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unemployment rates differ dramatically across European regions. This article analyses these differences by integrating institutional and spatial perspectives into a unified dynamic framework distinguishing between slow and fast processes of change. The framework forms the basis for an econometric model that is used to analyse labour market differences among European Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques 2 regions. The results of random-effects models indicate that four key factors—all of which are of the slowly changing type—explain a large part of the variation in unemployment as well as employment rates. Flexible labour market regulations and above-average levels of interpersonal trust are institutional factors that reduce unemployment. Accessibility factors such as inter-regional transport connectivity and local access to skilled workers have similarly substantial effects. Whether a region belongs to the Eurozone or not seems to be less important.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Åke E., et al.
(författare)
-
Location and spatial clustering of artists
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Regional Science and Urban Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-0462 .- 1879-2308. ; 47:1, s. 128-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surveys of artists' location choices show that they disproportionately reside in large cities. This paper introduces a model that attempts to explain this urban preference. The model includes four factors: access to other artists; access to consumer demand; access to service jobs; and housing affordability. These four factors are combined in a spatial equilibrium model. An equilibrium spatial distribution of artists is derived from the model and is correlated with the actual distribution among Swedish municipalities. Subsequently, the model is used for an econometric estimation of factor effects. The results show that access to other artists and local access to service jobs are important localization factors. Educated labor used as a proxy for consumer demand has a significant effect on artists' location choices.
|
|
| 4. |
- Broström, Anders, 1978-
(författare)
-
Strategists and Academics :
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis consists of five self-contained essays on interaction in R&D between university researchers and private firms. Together, these essays explore the conditions under which private firms benefit from spillovers from publicly funded and organised research. From the first essay, which sets out to empirically validate the theoretical arguments about the benefits of university-industry interaction for private firms, the thesis follows a line of pursuit that goes back and forth between exploration of the different benefits that firms enjoy from university interaction and the relationships between these benefits and the conditions of interaction. In essay II, a typology of rationales for establishing cooperative relations is presented. A considerable breadth of interaction rationales is documented, but on closer examination, a “core” set of rationales related to innovation in terms of invented or improved products or processes are found to be the main drivers of interaction. Developing this view, three critical issues previously studied within innovation economics are re-considered from the point of view of firm rationales for interaction; public co-funding of university-firm interaction (essay II), the role of geographic proximity for interaction on R&D (essay III) and the organisation of public sector research (public research institutes and universities) in relation to firm level competences (essay IV). In a fifth essay, four ideal types of strategy for localised interaction between R&D subsidiaries and universities are proposed. Through the framework developed in this essay, the rationales for interaction are related to the overall R&D strategy of multinational firms. Concluding the thesis, it is discussed how the research presented herein opens up for improved theorizing around the roles of academic research for industrial innovation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, et al.
(författare)
-
Entrepreneurship among university graduates
- 2010
-
Ingår i: 50th Anniversary of European Congress of the Regional Science Association Jönköping, Sweden, 19-23 August, 2010.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the paper is to shed light upon entrepreneurship among university graduates. We are interested in differences across educational areas and among universities regarding entrepreneurial selection and performance. The paper differs from similar studies in two respects. In order to broaden the common definitions used to measure entrepreneurship we suggest a typology making it possible to differentiate between various types of entrepreneurs. Secondly, we differentiate between both level of education, area of education and university of graduation. In order to capture some of the uncertainties related to the choice among our entrepreneurial categories we use individual time series income data.Using cross-section data on Swedish graduates we examine the impact of university on entrepreneurial choice and performance of graduates from 44 Swedish universities. A separate analysis is done for graduates of 5 education fields to control for heterogeneity of education. The results suggest that entrepreneurial preferences differ by education fields, that graduates of some universities are more entrepreneurial than others. We also find that the preferences for different entrepreneurial occupations differ across universities. As to the university effect on graduates’ earnings we find significant university effect for only a small group of universities, which differ by field of education and entrepreneurial category.
|
|
| 6. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, et al.
(författare)
-
Entrepreneurship and Arts Related Education
-
Ingår i: Journal of Labor Economics. - 0734-306X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to improve understanding of the observed high level of entrepreneurship among arts graduates. Specifically, the entrepreneurship rates of university graduates in the arts, architecture and engineering are compared. The occupational choice model applied has three options: wage employment, owning and a combination of the two.The utility function governing the choice includes income as well as an indicator of the disutility resulting from differences between the skills required and the skills supplied. The model implies that an alternative providing a better match might be preferred to one providing a higher income. Using Swedish data, this paper shows that the possibility of using artistic skills has stronger impact on the choice of occupation than income considerations.
|
|
| 7. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, 1978-
(författare)
-
Essays on University Efficiency Analysis and Entrepreneurship among University Graduates
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of five papers: three deal with the efficiency of higher education institutions (HEI) and two with entrepreneurship among university graduates. The efficiency of HEIs is analyzed at three different levels: units of one university, universities of one country and universities of a group of European countries.Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) the first paper compares technical efficiency among university units at the Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm). An interesting result is that there seems to be a complementary relationship between efficiency of resource utilization in teaching and in research.The second paper applies stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate the cost efficiency of Swedish higher education institutions. According to the estimates, half of the Swedish HEIs have an above average efficiency of 85 percent. The efficiency differences are mainly influenced by the source of funding, HEI size, the number of students per faculty as well as faculty and student compositions.The third paper analyses the cost efficiency of universities among a set of public higher education institutions from six European countries by means of stochastic frontier techniques. The results suggest small variation in the mean economic efficiency of higher education institutions from UK, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Switzerland, implying that the efficiency differences are not explained by country effects. Instead the variations in efficiency are related to organizational differences.The two essays on entrepreneurship among university graduates are based on a unique dataset encompassing individual level data on all employees registered in the Swedish labor market. The first paper explores the differences in entrepreneurial choice of graduates from different universities. The main finding from this paper is that the entrepreneurial choice of graduates from internationally ranked Swedish universities systematically differs from others with the difference varying by the area of education.The second paper on entrepreneurship aims at explaining the high interest in entrepreneurship among arts graduates and finds that the need for self-expression is among the main motivations for their high interest in entrepreneurship.
|
|
| 8. |
- Daghbashyan, Zara, et al.
(författare)
-
University choice and entrepreneurship
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 42:4, s. 729-746
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims at shedding light upon the impact of universities on graduates' entrepreneurial choice. Previous studies analyze the relationship between the choice of university and labor market success of graduates in terms of their subsequent wages, employability or over-education, whereas the possible link between the choice of university and entrepreneurial choice is neglected. Using 1998-2008 data on graduates from Swedish higher education institutions, the paper finds significant variation in the impact of universities on the career choice of graduates. The results suggest that graduates with degrees in the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine and teacher education from more prestigious universities systematically differ from others in their entrepreneurial choice. At the same time, no statistically significant difference is found for technical science graduates.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hansen, Malin, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
På god väg? : Regional samverkan i processen för RUFS 2010
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- På god väg? är resultatet av ett uppdrag att utifrån ett processorienterat forskningsperspektiv följa framtagandet av Stockholms läns landstings nya regionala utvecklingsplan för Stockholmsregionen, RUFS 2010. Forskningen visar bland annat att det finns ett behov av mer koordinerade planeringsprocesser för att främja ökad länsöverskridande samverkan. Många uppfattar det som en extra kvalitet om man skulle kunna samordna utredningar och bistå varandra med underlag och statistik.Tillgänglighet är ett nyckelbegrepp i den regionala utvecklingsplaneringen och en god tillgänglighet ses av många som en förutsättning för att kunna ta till vara den funktionella Stockholmsregionens potential. Som ett led i detta understryks behovet av att staten utvecklar en särskild storstadspolitik.Den dialogorienterade processen, som präglat arbetet med RUFS 2010, uppfattas av många som positiv, och många är övertygade om att detta kan gynna genomförandet av planen. Arbetssättet kan dock utvecklas ytterligare.Det finns enligt vår uppfattning ett stort behov av att systematiskt följa och kritiskt granska offentligt initierade och styrda planeringsprocesser med den omfattning som exemplifieras av regionplaneringen i Stockholm. Detta både för att ge underlag för bredare diskussion om behovet av planering och utformning av bakomliggande arbete, och för att ge underlag för utveckling av framtida planeringsarbete.
|
|
