| 1. |
- Agostinho, A., et al.
(författare)
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Sexual dimorphism in the width of the mouse synaptonemal complex
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Science. - : Company of Biologists Ltd. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 131:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sexual dimorphism has been used to describe morphological differences between the sexes, but can be extended to any biologically related process that varies between males and females. The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a tripartite structure that connects homologous chromosomes in meiosis. Here, aided by superresolution microscopy techniques, we show that the SC is subject to sexual dimorphism, in mouse germ cells. We have identified a significantly narrower SC in oocytes and have established that this difference does not arise from a different organization of the lateral elements nor from a different isoform of transverse filament protein SYCP1. Instead, we provide evidence for the existence of a narrower central element and a different integration site for the C-termini of SYCP1, in females. In addition to these female-specific features, we speculate that post-translation modifications affecting the SYCP1 coiled-coil region could render a more compact conformation, thus contributing to the narrower SC observed in females.
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| 2. |
- Bensing, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Lymphocytic hypophysitis : report of two biopsy-proven cases and one suspected case with pituitary autoantibodies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. - 0391-4097 .- 1720-8386. ; 30:2, s. 153-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LyH) is a rare inflammatory disease, considered to be autoimmune. LyH has mainly been reported in females and in relation to pregnancy or the post-partum period. We describe a 73-yr-old woman and a 63-yr-old male who were evaluated at our clinic because of pituitary hormone deficits. Both patients had pituitary masses suggestive of a pituitary adenoma on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery was performed and histopathological examinations revealed LyH in both cases. Clinical, laboratory, radiological and the histopathological findings in these two patients are discussed in detail. In addition, we report on a 79-yr-old man with partial hypopituitarism and empty sella. Screening of a human pituitary cDNA library with his serum revealed autoantibodies against secretogranin II. This is a protein commonly present in human gonadotrophs, thyreotrophs and corticotrophs. Since the patient selectively showed the corresponding pituitary insufficiencies, we speculate on an autoimmune background. Further studies may ascertain the importance of secretogranin II autoantibodies as markers for LyH.
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| 3. |
- Appelgren, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Active NET formation in Libman–Sacks endocarditis without antiphospholipid antibodies : A dramatic onset of systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2018
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Ingår i: Autoimmunity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-6934 .- 1607-842X. ; 51:6, s. 310-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been highlighted in several systemic inflammatory diseases, their clinical correlates and potential pathological role remain obscure. Herein, we describe a dramatic onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with clear-cut pathogenic implications for neutrophils and NET formation in a young woman with cardiac (Libman–Sacks endocarditis) and central nervous system (psychosis and seizures) involvement. Despite extensive search, circulating antiphospholipid autoantibodies, a hallmark of Libman–Sacks endocarditis, could not be detected. Instead, we observed active NET formation in the tissue of the mitral valve, as well as in the circulation. Levels of NET remnants were significantly higher in serially obtained sera from the patient compared with sex-matched blood donors (p =.0011), and showed a non-significant but substantial correlation with blood neutrophil counts (r = 0.65, p =.16). The specific neutrophil elastase activity measured in serum seemed to be modulated by the provided immunosuppressive treatment. In addition, we found anti-Ro60/SSA antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patient but not NET remnants or increased elastase activity. This case illustrates that different disease mechanisms mediated via autoantibodies can occur simultaneously in SLE. NET formation with release of cytotoxic NET remnants is a candidate player in the pathogenesis of this non-canonical form of Libman–Sacks endocarditis occurring in the absence of traditional antiphospholipid autoantibodies. The case description includes longitudinal results with clinical follow-up data and a discussion of the potential roles of NETs in SLE.
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| 4. |
- Enberg, U., et al.
(författare)
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Increased ratio of mRNA expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 indicates autonomous cortisol production in adrenocortical tumors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation. - 0391-4097 .- 1720-8386. ; 32:10, s. 810-815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Due to increased use of imaging techniques, adrenal incidentalomas are frequently detected. The majority are non-hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumors. We have previously shown that expression of the gene CYP17, coding for the enzyme in the cortisol pathway, correlates with cortisol release from adrenocortical tumors in vitro. The aim of this study was to compare clinical data with mRNA expression of CYP17 and CYP11B1 in adrenocortical tumors from patients with and without Cushing's syndrome and to identify adrenal tumors that may cause subclinical Cushing's syndrome. DESIGN: A retrospective study of 34 patients undergoing adrenalectomy due to an adrenal tumor. METHODS: Clinical data were collected. In the adrenal gland the mRNA expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 was studied with in situ hybridisation technique. RESULTS: The median ratio of CYP17/CYP11B1 expression in tumors from patients with Cushing's syndrome was significantly higher than the median ratio in the non-hyperfunctioning tumors. Tumors from 2 patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome had ratios within the upper range for non-hyperfunctioning tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio between the expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 in tumors from patients with Cushing's syndrome is significantly higher than in the non-hyperfunctioning tumors. This indicates that 17alpha-hydroxylase is a major determinant of cortisol overproduction. The patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome in this study are too few to draw any firm conclusions although the results suggest that subclinical Cushing's syndrome may be identified post-operatively with this method.
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| 5. |
- Hellgren, Mikko, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual screening for ligands to human alcohol dehydrogenase 3
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) has been suggested a role in nitric oxide homeostasis due to its function as a S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase. This has requested a modulator of the ADH3 activity for control of GSNO levels. Today virtual screenings are frequently used in drug discovery to dock and rank a large number of compounds. With molecular dockings of more than 40,000 compounds into the active site pocket of human ADH3 we ranked compounds with a novel method. Six top ranked compounds that were not known to interact with ADH3 were tested in vitro, where two showed substrate activity (9-decen-1-ol and dodecyltetraglycol), two showed inhibition capacity (deoxycholic acid and doxorubicin) and two did not have any detectable effect. For the substrates, site specific interactions and calculated binding scoring energies were determined with an extended docking simulation including flexible side chains of amino acids residues. The binding scoring energies correlated well with the logarithm of the substrates kcat over Km values. Furthermore, with these computational and experimental data three different lines for specific inhibitors for ADH3 are suggested: fatty acids, glutathione analogs and in addition deoxycholic acids.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Juhlin, CC, et al.
(författare)
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Perithyroidal Salivary Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma: Morphological and Molecular Attributes of a Unique Lesion
- 2021
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Ingår i: Head and neck pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1936-0568. ; 15:2, s. 628-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rarely, salivary gland tumors such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma arise as primary tumors from ectopic or metaplastic salivary gland tissue adjacent to or within the thyroid gland. We report for the first time a case of primary salivary acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) adjacent to the thyroid gland in a 71-year-old female patient with Crohns disease and a previous history of malignant melanoma. Following the development of a nodule adjacent to the left thyroid lobe, a fine-needle aspiration biopsy was reported as consistent with a follicular lesion of undetermined significance (Bethesda III). A left-sided hemithyroidectomy was performed. A circumscribed lesion measuring 33 mm was noted adjacent to the thyroid and trapping parathyroid, it was composed of solid nests and glands with microcystic and follicular patterns. The tumor was negative for thyroid, parathyroid and paraganglioma markers, but positive for pan-cytokeratins, CK7, CD10, CD117, androgen receptor and HNF-beta. A metastasis of a thyroid-like renal cell carcinoma was suspected but ruled out, and the patient had no evident lesions on extensive radiology of the urogenital, pulmonary and GI tracts. Based on the morphology, a diagnosis of AcCC was suggested, and confirmed with DOG1 and PAS-diastase staining. Molecular analyses pinpointed a constitutional ASXL1 variant of uncertain significance, but no fusion events. The patient had no radiological or clinical evidence of parotid, submandibular or sublingual tumors postoperatively, and the excised lesion was therefore assumed to be a primary tumor. We here detail the morphological and immunophenotypic profile of this previously undescribed perithyroidal tumor.
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| 9. |
- Kouznetsova, A., et al.
(författare)
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Age-dependent aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes instigated at the second meiotic division
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aging Cell. - : Wiley. - 1474-9718 .- 1474-9726. ; 21:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ageing severely affects the chromosome segregation process in human oocytes resulting in aneuploidy, infertility and developmental disorders. A considerable amount of segregation errors in humans are introduced at the second meiotic division. We have here compared the chromosome segregation process in young adult and aged female mice during the second meiotic division. More than half of the oocytes in aged mice displayed chromosome segregation irregularities at anaphase II, resulting in dramatically increased level of aneuploidy in haploid gametes, from 4% in young adult mice to 30% in aged mice. We find that the post-metaphase II process that efficiently corrects aberrant kinetochore-microtubule attachments in oocytes in young adult mice is approximately 10-fold less efficient in aged mice, in particular affecting chromosomes that show small inter-centromere distances at the metaphase II stage in aged mice. Our results reveal that post-metaphase II processes have critical impact on age-dependent aneuploidy in mammalian eggs.
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| 10. |
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