| 1. |
- Bally, Marta, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Norovirus GII.4 Virus-like Particles Recognize Galactosylceramides in Domains of Planar Supported Lipid Bilayers.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 51:48, s. 12020-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sticky situation: Domain-dependent recognition of the glycosphingolipid galactosylceramide by norovirus-like particles (see picture; red/yellow) is shown using supported lipid bilayers (purple) as model membranes. Optimal ligand presentation is found to promote strong binding to GalCer. This presentation can be found at the edges of the glycosphingolipid-enriched domains (green) and binding is repressed in the absence of these domains.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of boom-corridor thinning on harvester productivity and residual stand structure
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Forest Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1494-2119 .- 1913-2220. ; 33, s. 226-242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biomass derived from small-diameter, dense, thinning stands is largely underutilized within the European Union, mainly because of in-effective harvesting methods and cutting technology, leading to high supply costs. Therefore, the efficacy of boom-corridor thinning (BCT) and selective thinning (ST) on harvester felling and bunching productivity was compared for the first thinning of whole tree biomass in small-diameter, dense stands. BCT working method is when trees are cut with linear movements of the harvester's boom reach, along narrow corridors, instead of cutting each tree selectively (ST). Trials were performed in six forest stands, one in Sweden, two in Finland, and three in Slovenia, using the same harvester and operator. A time-and-motion study was carried out in 64 pre-marked study units (32 replications per method), across a variety of stand conditions. The biomass removal for both treatments averaged 40.2 dry t ha -1 and BCT productivity averaged 5.4 dry t PMh -1. For BCT, harvester work time consumption (sec tree -1) and productivity (dry t PMh -1) were on average 27% lower and 16% higher, respectively, compared with ST. The effectiveness of the accumulating felling head technology used could potentially be increased by implementing a feed-roller system when handling excessive tree lengths. Developing dedicated harvesting technology for BCT could further boost productivity, facilitating cost-effective and sustainable utilization of low-value small-diameter tree biomass and replacing fossil resources.
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| 3. |
- Edlund, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A Method of Finding HCT Roundwood Corridors for Reduction of GHG Emissions and Fuel Costs in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: in Sweden during 2016, 71.6 million metric tonnes (t) of forest biomass (roundwood and forest fuels) were transported by truck, corresponding to approximately 15% of all national goods truck transport. To reduce the environmental impact of forest product transports and meet Swedish climate goals, the use of 90 t high-capacity transport (HCT) trucks on well-chosen routes has been identified as one potential measure. The objective was, therefore, to develop a method of finding the geographical occurrence of potential roundwood HCT corridors for 90 t trucks, as well as estimating their environmental and economic potential in comparison to the conventional 74 t-truck transport system for Swedish conditions. Materials and Methods: the study used data from actual roundwood transports during 2016 along with a digitalization of the Swedish road network (National Road Database, SNVDB) for corridor identification. In four steps we: 1) identified supportive networks, 2) identified flow supporting corridors on the technically supportive networks, 3) applied a calibrated route finder (CRF) to route relevant transports both directly from the landing to the receiver and via the corridor, gathering drive distance information and, for example, 4) analyzed transports fuel consumption and potential CO2 savings. Results: Results showed there was annual potential for 25 HCT corridors throughout Sweden to employ 20 90 t trucks to transport 2.5 Mt of roundwood, reducing up to 5500 t of CO2 and euro3.1 M in fuel costs. Conclusions: the study reinforces previous studies' findings concerning economic and environmental potential using HCT vehicles and identifies terminal establishment and management costs as a bottleneck in successful large-scale implementation of HCT corridors.
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| 4. |
- Fälldin, Arvid, et al.
(författare)
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Open data, models, and software for machine automation
- 2024
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Ingår i: IUFRO 2024.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We create partially annotated datasets from field measurements for developing models and algorithms for perception and control of forest machines using artificial intelligence, simulation, and experiments on physical testbeds. The datasets, algorithms, and trained models for object identification, 3D perception, and motion planning and control will be made publicly available through data and code-sharing repositories.The data is recorded using forest machines and other equipment with suitable sensors operating in the forest environment. The data include the machine and crane tip position at high resolution, and event time logs (StanForD) while the vehicle operates in high-resolution laser-scanned forest areas. For annotation, the plan is to use both CAN-bus data and audiovisual data from operators that are willing to participate in the research. Also, by fusing visual perception with operator tree characteristics input or decision, we aim to develop a method for auto-annotation, facilitating a rapid increase in labeled training data for computer vision. In other activities, images of tree plants and bark are collected.Research questions include, how to automate the process of creating annotated datasets and train models for identifying and positioning forestry objects, such as plants, tree species, logs, terrain obstacles, and do 3D reconstruction for motion planning and control? How large and varied datasets are required for the models to handle the variability in forests, weather, light conditions, etc.? Would additional synthetic data increase model inference accuracy?In part we focus on forwarders traversing terrain, avoiding obstacles, and loading or unloading logs, with consideration for efficiency, safety, and environmental impact. We explore how to auto-generate and calibrate forestry machine simulators and automation scenario descriptions using the data recorded in the field. The demonstrated automation solutions serve as proofs-of-concept and references, important for developing commercial prototypes and for understanding what future research should focus on.
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| 7. |
- Höök, Christian
(författare)
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Unmanned aerial vehicle photography and photogrammetry in the Smallwood project
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A drone was acquired for the Smallwood project. Apart from the ability for the researchers to visually conveymethods and stand characteristics in the study areas, the potential of remote sensing using unmanned aerialvehicle (UAV) photogrammetry for complimentary analysis was investigated. Aerial survey imagery wasprocessed into dense point clouds, digital elevation models and orthophotos, enabling comparisons of standattributes before and after thinning and between work methods. The study showed that there is greatpotential for using photogrammetric remote sensing to augment field study results such as thinning intensityestimation, biomass concentration analysis, strip road terrain profiling, and more.
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| 8. |
- Minelli, Caterina, et al.
(författare)
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Versailles project on advanced materials and standards (VAMAS) interlaboratory study on measuring the number concentration of colloidal gold nanoparticles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 14, s. 4690-4704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the outcome of a large international interlaboratory study of the measurement of particle number concentration of colloidal nanoparticles, project 10 of the technical working area 34, "Nanoparticle Populations" of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS). A total of 50 laboratories delivered results for the number concentration of 30 nm gold colloidal nanoparticles measured using particle tracking analysis (PTA), single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light spectroscopy, centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The study provides quantitative data to evaluate the repeatability of these methods and their reproducibility in the measurement of number concentration of model nanoparticle systems following a common measurement protocol. We find that the population-averaging methods of SAXS, CLS and UV-Vis have high measurement repeatability and reproducibility, with between-labs variability of 2.6%, 11% and 1.4% respectively. However, results may be significantly biased for reasons including inaccurate material properties whose values are used to compute the number concentration. Particle-counting method results are less reproducibile than population-averaging methods, with measured between-labs variability of 68% and 46% for PTA and spICP-MS respectively. This study provides the stakeholder community with important comparative data to underpin measurement reproducibility and method validation for number concentration of nanoparticles.
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