| 1. |
- Alström, Sadhna, et al.
(författare)
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Straw microorganisms with combined cellulolytic and chitinolytic activities drive decomposition of rice straw and antagonism against Rhizoctonia solani causing rice sheath blight
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Agricultural Technology. - 2630-0192. ; 19, s. 833-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decomposition of cellulose and chitin substrates plays an important role in ecosystem functions. The relationships between the microbial diversity and the ecosystem functions of decomposition and antagonistic processes were examined using rice straw. A microcosm was designed for investigating complexity in microbial interactions of 16 different microorganisms belonging to 6 different functional groups and were designated as generalists or specialists depending on the number of hydrolases produced. Multiple regression analysis showed that increasing number of isolates, the presence of three fungal and one bacterial isolate and two fungal isolates degraded significantly to the decomposition process of rice straw. Straw was decomposed by one fungus and one bacterium, three fungal and two bacterial isolates and the 16-isolates mixture were significantly inhibited growth of the phytopathogenic Rhizoctonia solani causing rice sheath blight on the decomposed straw.The growth of R. solani was reduced significantly by 62% - 93% compared to the non-inoculated controls. There was a negative correlation between rice straw weight loss and the growth of R. solani. It is suggested that the specific isolates may play an important role in ecosystem functions of decomposition and antagonistic processes.
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| 2. |
- Askmyr, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling chronic myeloid leukemia in immunodeficient mice reveals expansion of aberrant mast cells and accumulation of pre-B cells.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Blood Cancer Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2044-5385. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that, if not treated, will progress into blast crisis (BC) of either myeloid or B lymphoid phenotype. The BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, encoding a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, is thought to be sufficient to cause chronic phase (CP) CML, whereas additional genetic lesions are needed for progression into CML BC. To generate a humanized CML model, we retrovirally expressed BCR-ABL1 in the cord blood CD34(+) cells and transplanted these into NOD-SCID (non-obese diabetic/severe-combined immunodeficient) interleukin-2-receptor γ-deficient mice. In primary mice, BCR-ABL1 expression induced an inflammatory-like state in the bone marrow and spleen, and mast cells were the only myeloid lineage specifically expanded by BCR-ABL1. Upon secondary transplantation, the pronounced inflammatory phenotype was lost and mainly human mast cells and macrophages were found in the bone marrow. Moreover, a striking block at the pre-B-cell stage was observed in primary mice, resulting in an accumulation of pre-B cells. A similar block in B-cell differentiation could be confirmed in primary cells from CML patients. Hence, this humanized mouse model of CML reveals previously unexplored features of CP CML and should be useful for further studies to understand the disease pathogenesis of CML.
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| 3. |
- Askmyr, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Transgenic expression of human cytokines in immunodeficient mice does not facilitate myeloid expansion of BCR-ABL1 transduced human cord blood cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several attempts have been made to model chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in a xenograft setting but expansion of human myeloid cells in immunodeficient mice has proven difficult to achieve. Lack of cross-reacting cytokines in the microenvironment of the mice has been proposed as a potential reason. In this study we have used NOD/SCID IL2–receptor gamma deficient mice expressing human SCF, IL-3 and GM-CSF (NSGS mice), that should be superior in supporting human, and particularly, myeloid cell engraftment, to expand BCR-ABL1 expressing human cells in order to model CML. NSGS mice transplanted with BCR-ABL1 expressing cells became anemic and had to be sacrificed due to illness, however, this was not accompanied by an expansion of human myeloid cells but rather we observed a massive expansion of human T-cells and macrophages/histiocytes. Importantly, control human cells without BCR-ABL1 expression elicited a similar reaction, although with a slight delay of disease induction, suggesting that while BCR-ABL1 contributes to the inflammatory reaction, the presence of normal human hematopoietic cells is detrimental for NSGS mice.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bila, Joao, et al.
(författare)
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First report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola' detection in the planthopper Diostrombus mkurangai in Mozambique
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bulletin of insectology. - 1721-8861. ; 70, s. 45-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of putative insect species vectors of the coconut lethal yellowing disease (CLYD) in Mozambique is crucial to develop an effective disease management plan. Hemiptera specimens from the families Derbidae and Pentatomidae were collected in the Inhambane and Zambezia provinces of the coastal region of Mozambique in 2014, covering the two main growing seasons. Sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene were used for phytoplasma clustering. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed employing three different primer sets specific for phytoplasma. BLAST sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA PCR products revealed that collected specimens of Derbidae Diostrombus mkurangai Wilson were carrying the CLYD phytoplasma. Virtual RFLP analyses of the obtained sequences confirmed this assigning the detected phytoplasmas to the 16SrXX-A subgroup, confirming that they are 'Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola'-related strains. This is the first detection of a 'Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola'-related strain in D. mkurangai.
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| 6. |
- Bila, Joao, et al.
(författare)
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High diversity, expanding populations and purifying selection in phytoplasmas causing coconut lethal yellowing in Mozambique
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plant Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0032-0862 .- 1365-3059. ; 64, s. 597-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the putative phytoplasma species causing coconut lethal yellowing disease in Mozambique and Tanzania were characterized. The 16S rRNA and secA genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Mozambican coconut phytoplasmas belong to three different types: Candidatus Phytoplasma palmicola' 16SrXXII-A, a second strain that was previously isolated in Tanzania and Kenya (16SrIV-C), and a third strain that was different from all known lethal yellowing phytoplasma species. The third strain potentially represents a novel species and is closely related to pine phytoplasma. Co-infection with Ca. Phytoplasma pini'-related and Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola' 16SrXXII-A strains was observed. Furthermore, sequence variation in Ca. Phytoplasma palmicola' at the population level was consistent with purifying selection and population expansion.
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| 10. |
- Blandón-Díaz, Jorge Ulises, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic Variation Within a Clonal Lineage of Phytophthora infestans Infecting both Tomato and Potato in Nicaragua
- 2012
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Ingår i: Phytopathology. - 0031-949X .- 1943-7684. ; 102, s. 323-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a constraint to both potato and tomato crops in Nicaragua. The hypothesis that the Nicaraguan population of P. infestans is genotypically and phenotypically diverse and potentially subdivided based on host association was tested. A collection of isolates was analyzed using genotypic markers (microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA haplotype) and phenotypic markers (mating type, virulence, and fungicide sensitivity). The genotypic analysis revealed no polymorphism in 121 of 132 isolates of P. infestans tested. Only the Ia haplotype and the A2 mating type were detected. Most of the tested isolates were resistant to metalaxyl. The virulence testing showed variation among isolates of P. infestans. No evidence was found of population differentiation among potato and tomato isolates of P. infestans based on the genotypic and phenotypic analysis. We conclude that the Nicaraguan population of P. infestans consists of a single clonal lineage (NI-1) which belongs to the A2 mating type and the Ia mitochondrial DNA haplotype. Moreover, based on the markers used, this population of P. infestans does not resemble the population in countries from which potato seed is imported to Nicaragua or the population in neighboring countries. The data presented here indicate that the NI-1 clonal lineage is the primary pathogen on both potato and tomato, and its success on both host species is unique in a South American context.
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