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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Gustavsson, Martin G. H., et al.
(författare)
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Key Messages on Electric Roads : Executive Summary from the CollERS Project
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electric road systems (ERS) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector. The market-ready ERS drive systems are characterised by high energy efficiency and low operational costs compared to fossil fuels and biofuels for combustion engines.The introduction of ERS will depend on governmental support, balancing the overall need for GHG-reduction with the business perspectives of the transport market and the energy market.There is an urgent need to establish standards for core components and important interfaces in order to build confidence among potential ERS users.Since ERS will take time to scale up, we should begin to transform the electricity system to meet the demand for ERS while also meeting GHG reduction goals aligned with strong climate policies.There is a need to clarify whether an ERS system is part of the road infrastructure market or the energy market, and to define the role of the public sector in ERS deployment.Since a significant part of long-haul road freight transport is international, ERS deployment will benefit from cross-country cooperation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hacker, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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National and EU freight transport strategies : Status quo and perspectives and implications for the introduction of electric road systems (ERS)
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- National and international freight transport in Europe is significantly influenced by both, national and the European Union (EU) strategies and regulations. The successful market launch of Electric Road Systems (ERS) can only succeed with knowledge of the current state of the European freight transport system and its framework conditions. Within the framework of the collERS project, a possible ERS corridor between Sweden and Germany via Denmark is being investigated. The present paper therefore examines the current strategic orientation of freight transport in the affected countries and at EU level with a view to a possible introduction of ERS. The aim is to identify barriers and opportunities for ERS on a national and European level as well as potential fields of governmental action and possible conflicts with regard to a successful international market ramp-up of ERS. After an overview of the economic and ecological importance of the European transport sector, the following section first deals with the development of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in transport and especially in road freight transport at national and European level. In this context, strategies for reducing GHG emissions in transport that have been adopted so far will also be discussed. Subsequently, an overview of the socio-economic conditions in the countries considered and their logistics markets is given and possible opportunities and risks for the use of ERS are discussed. A look at the status and perspectives of freight transport in the countries under consideration and at the available transport infrastructure provides further indications of the importance that alternative drive technologies could have for road freight transport in the future. The analysis of the framework in terms of policy measures in the transport sector provides an overview of the conditions already existing or to be expected at EU and national level for the use of alternative propulsion technologies in road freight transport. Finally, based on the preceding analyses, the possible implications of the existing framework conditions in the transport sector for the introduction of ERS are discussed and potential fields of action are defined.
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| 5. |
- Jöhrens, Julius, et al.
(författare)
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Connecting Countries by Electric Roads: Methodology for Feasibility Analysis of a Transnational ERS Corridor
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study aims at discussing relevant aspects for a potential roll-out of Electric Road Systems (ERS) on transnational corridors, as well as generally for ERS introduction in Europe.Feasibility criteria have thus been developed in order to assess the following topics for specific potential ERS corridor projects:Technical aspects: Which technical prerequisites exist for ERS corridors and to which extent can they expected to be met?Environmental aspects: Which effects can be expected on key environmental indicators?Economic aspects: Can an ERS corridor pose a business case? Could it contribute to the improvement of ERS economy in general?Political aspects: Would an ERS corridor implementation make sense from a political point of view?The developed criteria may serve as a toolbox for scrutinizing future transnational ERS corridor projects. In order to illustrate their application, we used them to analyse a potential roll-out of an Electric Road System on a selected highway corridor (424 km) connecting Sweden and Germany, but mainly located on Danish territory. Based on traffic flows and patterns along the corridor route, it was found:A considerable part of the total truck mileage on the corridor is done by vehicles with a rather limited driving distance for pre- and post-haul, assuming the corridor is realized as a stand-alone project, andthe CO2 emissions (well-to-wheel) of truck traffic along the corridor route can be significantly reduced if electric trucks are powered by the national electricity mixes expected for the year 2030, and even more if it would be powered purely renewable.Although a continuous ERS on the complete corridor route would not be economically feasible under current conditions, the analysis pinpoints sections along the route where the traffic volumes with a sufficient share of operation on a potential ERS are significantly higher. These sections are located in the metropolitan areas of Malmö, Copenhagen and Hamburg. For implementation, peculiarities of the local markets and regulation should be considered, as well as country-specific priorities on decarbonizing road freight transport. Additionally, the identified ERS potential for medium distances will depend on the technical and cost development of battery trucks.Our analysis also sheds some light on the role of first transnational corridors within a European roll-out strategy for ERS. Such corridor projects could help toproof the principal strengths of ERS,trigger strategic coordination between the participating countries,foster national ERS roll-out due to synergy effects with the corridor andpave the way for integration of ERS into EU legislation (e.g. AFID, TEN-T planning)
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| 6. |
- Salvador, Ellaine, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Individuals versus Those from Hospital Patients Shows that Long-Term Bladder Colonization Selects for Attenuated Virulence Phenotypes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 1098-5522. ; 80:2, s. 668-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is a condition where bacteria stably colonize the urinary tract, in a manner closely resembling commensalism at other mucosa! sites. The patients carry >10(5) CFU/ml for extended periods of time and rarely develop symptoms. Contrasting the properties of ABU strains to those of uropathogenic isolates causing symptomatic infection is therefore highly relevant to understand mechanisms of bacterial adaptation. The prototype ABU strain Escherichia coli 83972 has a smaller genome than uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains with deletions or point mutations in several virulence genes, suggesting that ABU strains undergo a programmed reductive evolution within human hosts. This study addressed if these observations can be generalized. Strains causing ABU in outpatients or hospitalized patients after catheterization or other invasive procedures were compared to commensal E. coli isolates from the intestinal flora of healthy individuals. Notably, clonal complex 73 (CC73) was a prominent phylogenetic lineage dominated by ABU isolates. ABU isolates from outpatients and hospitalized patients had a similar overall virulence gene repertoire, which distinguished them from many commensals, but typical UPEC virulence genes were less frequently attenuated in hospital strains than in outpatient strains or commensals. The decreased virulence potential of outpatient ABU isolates relative to that of ABU strains from hospitalized patients supports the hypothesis that loss of expression or decay of virulence genes facilitates long-term carriage and adaptation to host environments.
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