| 1. |
- Wallensten, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory waterfowl in northern Europe
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. - 1080-6040 ; 13:3, s. 404-411
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted large-scale, systematic sampling of influenza type A virus in migratory waterfowl (mostly mallards [Anas platyrhynchos]) at Ottenby Bird Observatory, southeast Sweden. As with previous studies, we found a higher prevalence in fall than spring, and among juveniles compared with adults. However, in contrast to other studies, we found that prevalence in spring was sometimes high (mean 4.0%, highest 9.5%). This finding raises the possibility that ducks are capable of perpetuating influenza A virus of different subtypes and subtype combinations throughout the year and from 1 year to the next. Isolation of the H5 and H7 subtypes was common, which suggests risk for transmission to sensitive domestic animals such as poultry. We argue that wild bird screening can function as a sentinel system, and we give an example of how it could have been used to forecast a remote and deadly outbreak of influenza A in poultry.
|
|
| 2. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(författare)
-
Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture as a novel method for enrichment of Campylobacter species
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 73:21, s. 6864-6869
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of Campylobacter pathogens. This method, Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture (ACC), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of Campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Four of the Campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth rates comparable to those observed in other Campylobacter enrichment media. Studying six strains of C. jejuni isolated from different sources, we found that all of the strains could be enriched from an inoculum of fewer than 10 bacteria. The sensitivity of the ACC method was not negatively affected by the use of Campylobacter-selective antibiotics in the culture medium, but these were effective in suppressing the growth of seven different bacterial species added at a concentration of 10(4) CFU/ml of each species as deliberate contamination. The ACC method has advantages over other enrichment methods as it is not dependent on a microaerobic milieu and does not require the use of blood or other oxygen-quenching agents. Our study found the ACC method to be a promising tool for the enrichment of Campylobacter species, particularly from water samples with low bacterial concentrations.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Drobni, Mirva, et al.
(författare)
-
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Point Barrow, Alaska, USA
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - Atlanta, GA, United States : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 15:5, s. 838-839
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 7. |
- Fick, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
-
Antiviral Oseltamivir is not removed or degraded in normal sewage water treatment : Implications for development of resistance by influenza A virus
- 2007
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 2:10, s. e986-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oseltamivir is the main antiviral for treatment and prevention of pandemic influenza. The increase in oseltamivir resistance reported recently has therefore sparked a debate on how to use oseltamivir in non pandemic influenza and the risks associated with wide spread use during a pandemic. Several questions have been asked about the fate of oseltamivir in the sewage treatment plants and in the environment. We have assessed the fate of oseltamivir and discuss the implications of environmental residues of oseltamivir regarding the occurrence of resistance. A series of batch experiments that simulated normal sewage treatment with oseltamivir present was conducted and the UV-spectra of oseltamivir were recorded. Findings: Our experiments show that the active moiety of oseltamivir is not removed in normal sewage water treatments and is not degraded substantially by UV light radiation, and that the active substance is released in waste water leaving the plant. Our conclusion is that a ubiquitous use of oseltamivir may result in selection pressures in the environment that favor development of drug-resistance.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
