| 1. |
- Bodén, Robert, et al.
(författare)
-
Biochemical risk factors for development of obesity in first-episode schizophrenia
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Schizophrenia Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-9964 .- 1573-2509. ; 115:2-3, s. 141-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is a serious health issue for many patients with schizophrenia. There is a lack of predictors for and understanding of the development of obesity in the early phase of the illness. Therefore we investigated a set of routine biochemistry variables in blood as predictors of the development of obesity and weight gain over 5 years in an observational cohort study of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (n=59). Twelve percent of the patients were obese at baseline and 37% were obese at the 5-year follow-up. The mean body mass index (BMI) change over 5 years was a 4.1 kg/m(2) increase (4.5 SD). Obesity was predicted by baseline hemoglobin levels (odds ratio per standard deviation [OR/SD] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4 to 7.5), red blood cell count (OR/SD 2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.5), hematocrit (OR/SD 2.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.9), gamma-glutamyltransferase (OR/SD 2.8, 95% CI 1.2-6.3) and creatinine (OR/SD 3.1, 95% CI 1.2 to 8.0). After adjustment for baseline BMI, the associations were attenuated for gamma-glutamyltransferase and creatinine. Low baseline BMI was associated with a greater BMI increase. The major conclusion is that easily available routine biochemistry markers can be useful in predicting the development of obesity in first-episode schizophrenia. The mechanisms underlying the observed associations are unknown, but the predictors identified in this study could signify dehydration or insulin resistance. These observations open a new window to future research on the mechanisms underlying the development of obesity in schizophrenia.
|
|
| 2. |
- Edholm, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in liver volume and body composition during 4 weeks of low calorie diet before laparoscopic gastric bypass
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : Elsevier BV. - 1550-7289 .- 1878-7533. ; 11:3, s. 602-606
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Weight loss before laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is desirable, because it can reduce liver volume and thereby facilitate the procedure. The optimal duration of a low-calorie diet (LCD) has not been established. The objective of this study was to assess changes in liver volume and body composition during 4 weeks of LCD.METHODS:Ten women (aged 43±8.9 years, 114±12.1 kg, and body mass index 42±2.6 kg/m2) were examined on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after commencing the LCD. At each evaluation, body composition was assessed through bioelectric impedance analysis, and liver volume and intrahepatic fat content were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Serum and urine samples were obtained. Questionnaires regarding quality of life and LCD-related symptoms were administered.RESULTS:In total, mean weight decreased by 7.4±1.2 kg (range 5.7-9.1 kg), and 71% of the weight loss consisted of fat mass according to bioelectric impedance analysis. From day 0 to day 3, the weight loss (2.0 kg) consisted mainly of water. Liver volume decreased by 18%±6.2%, from 2.1 to 1.7 liters (P<.01), during the first 2 weeks with no further change thereafter. A continuous 51%±16% decrease was seen in intrahepatic fat content. Systolic blood pressure, insulin, and lipids improved, while liver enzymes, glucose levels, and quality of life were unaffected.CONCLUSION:A significant decrease in liver volume (18%) occurred during the first 2 weeks of LCD treatment, and intrahepatic fat gradually decreased throughout the study period. A preoperative 2-week LCD treatment seems sufficient in similar patients.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Haenni, Arvo, et al.
(författare)
-
Circulating magnesium status is associated with type 2 diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery : a long-term cohort study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. - : Elsevier. - 1550-7289 .- 1878-7533. ; 17:2, s. 299-307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Low serum magnesium levels predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with typ 2 diabetes.SETTING: Outpatient clinic of obesity and central hospital.OBJECTIVES: To assess long-term alterations in circulating magnesium status after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and associations with remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D).METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 5-year outcomes of plasma magnesium (p-Mg) and glucometabolic statuses in patients who underwent primary RYGB and who completed the annual follow-up program. Data were investigated from 84 patients without diabetes and 62 with T2D before RYGB, who showed either prolonged remission (n = 30), temporary remission (n = 16), or no remission (n = 16) after surgery.RESULTS: Body mass indexes before RYGB were similar in patients with and without T2D, irrespective of remission. The patients not achieving remission showed longer diabetes durations; higher circulating glucose levels; more intensive antidiabetic drug treatment, including insulin; and significantly lower p-Mg concentrations (.73 [±.08] mmol/L compared with .80-.82 [±.07] mmol/L, respectively; P < .01) than the groups showing remission or without diabetes before surgery. After RYGB, the p-Mg increased similarly, by 10-12% in the groups with T2D before surgery, irrespective of remission; however, the nonremission group did not reach the p-Mg levels registered in the other groups after follow-up. The nonremission group reached .82 (.09) mmol/L, compared with .87 (.06) and .88 (.08) mmol/L (P < .05), respectively, in patients with remission or without a history of diabetes.CONCLUSION: The p-Mg concentrations increased after RYGB, with similar increments irrespective of T2D remission; however, the nonremission group started from an inferior level and did not reach the p-Mg concentrations seen in the groups achieving remission or without a history of diabetes before surgery.
|
|
| 6. |
- Haenni, Arvo, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of fat emulsion (Fabuless) on orocecal transit time in healthy men
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 44:10, s. 1186-1190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Given the growing prevalence of overweight and related health consequences, there is increased interest in the search for novel dietary strategies for weight control. A food ingredient, an emulsion based on palm and oat oil (Fabuless, previously known as Olibra), has been associated with short-term reductions of food intake, induction of satiety, alternation in the satiety hormones, as well as long-term effects on weight control. The mechanism by which it can exert these effects is so far unclear, though it has been suggested that the "ileal break'' may play a role in increasing gastrointestinal transit time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of this stable fat emulsion on orocecal transit time in healthy men. Material and methods. In a controlled, double-blind, cross-over-designed study, 15 healthy men (aged 20-59 years, body mass index (BMI) 22-28), randomly allocated to two treatments, consumed the stable fat emulsion or a milk fat in yoghurt during two days of investigation, with an interval of 1 week. Orocecal transit time was determined by following blood sulfapyridine levels, which is a metabolite of salazopyrine in the colon. Results. A statistically significant delay in the appearance of sulfapyridine in serum was obtained after active treatment versus control treatment, corresponding to a 45-min longer orocecal transit time due to fat emulsion consumption. Conclusions. This study provides the first evidence to suggest that this stable fat emulsion may affect the ileal brake mechanism by slowing down the gastrointestinal transit time, which might explain the weight control and appetite suppression previously observed in association with this emulsion.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
