| 1. |
- Al-Haddad, Benjamin J S, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term Risk of Neuropsychiatric Disease After Exposure to Infection In Utero.
- 2019
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Ingår i: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 76:6, s. 594-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The developmental origins of mental illness are incompletely understood. Although the development of autism and schizophrenia are linked to infections during fetal life, it is unknown whether more common psychiatric conditions such as depression might begin in utero.To estimate the risk of psychopathologic conditions imparted from fetal exposure to any maternal infection while hospitalized during pregnancy.A total of 1791520 Swedish children born between January 1, 1973, and December 31, 2014, were observed for up to 41 years using linked population-based registries. Children were excluded if they were born too late to contribute person-time, died before being at risk for the outcome, or were missing particular model data. Infection and psychiatric diagnoses were derived using codes from hospitalizations. Directed acyclic graphs were developed from a systematic literature review to determine Cox proportional hazards regression models for risk of psychopathologic conditions in the children. Results were evaluated using probabilistic and simple bias analyses. Statistical analysis was conducted from February 10 to October 17, 2018.Hospitalization during pregnancy with any maternal infection, severe maternal infection, and urinary tract infection.Inpatient diagnosis of autism, depression, bipolar disorder, or psychosis among offspring.A total of 1791520 Swedish-born children (48.6% females and 51.4% males) were observed from birth up to age 41 years, with a total of 32125813 person-years. Within the directed acyclic graph framework of assumptions, fetal exposure to any maternal infection increased the risk of an inpatient diagnosis in the child of autism (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.34-2.40) or depression (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.42). Effect estimates for autism and depression were similar following a severe maternal infection (autism: HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.18-2.78; depression: HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.88-1.73) or urinary tract infection (autism: HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.23-2.90; depression: HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04-1.61) and were robust to moderate unknown confounding. Within the directed acyclic graph framework of assumptions, the relationship between infection and depression was vulnerable to bias from loss to follow-up, but separate data from the Swedish Death Registry demonstrated increased risk of suicide among individuals exposed to pregnancy infection. No evidence was found for increased risk of bipolar disorder or psychosis among children exposed to infection in utero.These findings suggest that fetal exposure to a maternal infection while hospitalized increased the risk for autism and depression, but not bipolar or psychosis, during the child's life. These results emphasize the importance of avoiding infections during pregnancy, which may impart subtle fetal brain injuries contributing to development of autism and depression.
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| 2. |
- Elmqvist, Niklas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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3DVN: A Mixed Reality Platform for Mobile Navigation Assistance
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present 3DVN, a Mixed Reality platform for navigation assistance in indoor environments. Built on top of a PC-based wearable computer running the Windows operating system, the platform provides a multimodal user interface for navigating in existing physical buildings, including wireless networking, data glove gestural input, voice communication, head-mounted display, and a 3DOF head tracker. Local positioning is performed using a software-only positioning engine making use of WLAN features for accurately pinpointing the mobile device in three dimensions. The 3DVN system has been implemented as a proof-of-concept of a navigation guidance support device for visitors, and has been field-tested with human subjects in the student center of our university. Informal evaluation of subject ratings indicate a strong interest for the new system, both for guests as well as people familiar with the campus and the building.
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| 3. |
- Elmqvist, Niklas, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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3DVN: A Mixed Reality Platform for Mobile Navigation Assistance
- 2007
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Ingår i: ACM CHI2007 Workshop on Mobile Spatial Interaction. ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present 3DVN, a Mixed Reality platform for navigation assistance in indoor environments. Built on top of a PC-based wearable computer running the Windows operating system, the platform provides a multimodal user interface to navigate existing physical buildings, including wireless networking, data glove gestural input, voice communication, head-mounted display, and a 3DOF head tracker. Local positioning is performed using a software-only WLAN-based engine to accurately pinpoint the mobile device in three dimensions. We use this system as a platform for a simple theoretical framework for classifying interaction for mobile navigation assistance. Informal qualitative evaluation of our system seems to conform to predictions derived from our framework and shows the need for a rich set of interaction components for successful mobile navigation.
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| 4. |
- Hagberg, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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A Light Resistant Organic Sensitizer for Solar Cell Applications
- 2009
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 48, s. 1576-1580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Figure Presented) Finely tuned: A stable dye-sensitized solar cell that contains a molecularly engineered organic dye has been prepared. The efficiency of the cell remains at 90% after 1000 h of light soaking at 60 °C. The remarkable stability of the cell is also reflected in the open-circuit voltage value (Voc), short-circuit photocurrent-density value (J sc), and the fill factor, which also show barely no decline (see picture).
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| 5. |
- Hagberg, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Engineering of Organic Chromophores for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Chemical Society. - : ACS. - 0002-7863 .- 1520-5126. ; 130, s. 6259-6266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel unsymmetrical organic sensitizers comprising donor, electron-conducting, and anchoring groups were engineered at a molecular level and synthesized for sensitization of mesoscopic titanium dioxide injection solar cells. The unsymmetrical organic sensitizers 3-(5-(4-(diphenylamino)styryl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (D5), 3-(5-bis(4-(diphenylamino)styryl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (D7), 5-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenylamino)styryl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (D9), and 3-(5-bis(4,4'-dimethoxydiphenylamino)styryl)thiophen-2-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (D11) anchored onto TiO2 and were tested in dye-sensitized solar cell with a volatile electrolyte. The monochromatic incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of these sensitizers is above 80%, and D11-sensitized solar cells yield a short-circuit photocurrent density of 13.90 +/- 0.2 mA/cm(2), an open-circuit voltage of 740 +/- 10 mV, and a fill factor of 0.70 +/- 0.02, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 7.20% under standard AM 1.5 sun light. Detailed investigations of these sensitizers reveal that the long electron lifetime is responsible for differences in observed open-circuit potential of the cell. As an alternative to liquid electrolyte cells, a solid-state organic hole transporter is used in combination with the D9 sensitizer, which exhibited an efficiency of 3.25%. Density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory calculations have been employed to gain insight into the electronic structure and excited states of the investigated species.
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| 6. |
- Hagberg, Daniel, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Symmetric and unsymmetric donor functionalization : Comparing structural and spectral benefits of chromophores for dye-sensitized solar cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 19:39, s. 7232-7238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of organic chromophores have been synthesized in order to investigate the benefits of structural versus spectral properties as well as the absorption properties and solar cell performance with unsymmetrically introduced substituents in the chromophore. Exceptionally high open-circuit voltage, Voc, was found for the symmetrical structurally benefited dye, which also gave the best overall solar cell performance.
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| 7. |
- Hagberg, Daniel, 1977-
(författare)
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Synthesis of Organic Chromophores for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells.
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis deals with development and synthesis of organic chromophores for dye sensitized solar cells. The chromophores are divided into three components; donor, linker and acceptor. The development of efficient organic chromophores for dye sensitized solar cells starts off with one new organic chromophore, D5. This chromophore consists of a triphenylamine moiety as an electron donor, a conjugated linker with a thiophene moiety and cyanoacrylic acid as an electron acceptor and anchoring group. Alternating the donor, linker or acceptor moieties independently, would give us the tool to tune the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the chromophores. The following parts of this thesis regard this development strategy. The contributions to the HOMO and LUMO energy levels were investigated when alternating the linker moiety. Unexpected effects of the solar cell performances when increasing the linker length were revealed, however. In addition, the effect of an alternative acceptor group, rhodanine-3-acetic acid, in combination with different linker lengths was investigated. The HOMO and LUMO energy level tuning was once again successful. Electron recombination from the semiconductor to the electrolyte is probably the cause of the poor efficiencies obtained for this series of dyes. Finally, the development of functionalized triphenylamine based donors and the contributions from different substituents to the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and as insulating layers were investigated. This strategy has so far been the most successful in terms of reaching high efficiencies in the solar cell. A top overall efficiency of 7.79 % was achieved.
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| 8. |
- Hagberg, Daniel, 1977-
(författare)
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Synthesis of Organic Chromophores for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is divided into four parts with organic chromophores for dye sensitized solar cells as the common feature and an introduction with general concepts of the dye sensitized solar cells. The first part of the thesis describes the development of an efficient organic chromophore for dye sensitized solar cells. The chromophore consists of a triphenylamine moiety as an electron donor, a conjugated linker with a thiophene moiety and cyanoacrylic acid as an electron acceptor and anchoring group. During this work a strategy to obtain an efficient sensitizer was developed. Alternating the donor, linker or acceptor moieties independently, would give us the tool to tune the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the chromophores. The following parts of this thesis regard this development strategy. The second part describes the contributions to the HOMO and LUMO energy levels when alternating the linker moiety. By varying the linker the HOMO and LUMO energy levels was indeed shifted. Unexpected effects of the solar cell performances when increasing the linker length were revealed, however. The third part describes the investigation of an alternative acceptor group, rhodanine-3-acetic acid, in combination with different linker lengths. The HOMO and LUMO energy level tuning was once again successfully shifted. The poor electronic coupling of the acceptor group to the semiconductor surface proved to be a problem for the overall efficiency of the solar cell, however. The fourth part describes the contributions from different donor groups to the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and has so far been the most successful in terms of reaching high efficiencies in the solar cell. A top overall efficiency of 7.1 % was achieved.
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| 9. |
- Marinado, Tannia, et al.
(författare)
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Rhodanine dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells : spectroscopy, energy levels and photovoltaic performance
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 11:1, s. 133-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three new sensitizers for photoelectrochemical solar cells were synthesized consisting of a triphenylamine donor, a rhodanine-3-acetic acid acceptor and a polyene connection. The conjugation length was systematically increased, which resulted in two effects: first, it led to a red-shift of the optical absorption of the dyes, resulting in an improved spectral overlap with the solar spectrum.Secondly, the oxidation potential decreased systematically. The excited state levels were, however, calculated to be nearly stationary. The experimental trends were in excellent agreement with density functional theory (DFT) computations. The photovoltaic performance of this set of dyes as sensitizers in mesoporous TiOredox couple. The dye with the best absorption characteristics showed the poorest solar cell efficiency, due to losses by recombination of electrons in TiOthe electrolyte led to a strongly reduced photocurrent for all dyes due to a reduced electron injection efficiency, caused by a 0.15 V negative shift of the TiO 2 solar cells was investigated using electrolytes containing the iodide/triiodide2 with triiodide. Addition of 4-tert butylpyridine to2 conduction band potential.
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| 10. |
- Moon, Soo-Jin, et al.
(författare)
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Highly Efficient Organic Sensitizers for Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 113:38, s. 16816-16820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Org. sensitizers comprising of donor, electron-conducting, and anchoring groups are designed and developed for dye-sensitized solar cell applications. A solar cell employing 3-(5'-{4-[bis-(4-hexyloxy-phenyl)-amino]-phenyl}-[2,2']bithiophenyl-5-yl)-2-cyano-acrylic acid dye spiro-OMeTAD as a hole-transporting material exhibits a short circuit photocurrent d. of 9.64 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 798 mV, and a fill factor of 0.57, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency of 4.4% at std. AM 1.5 sunlight. Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy probes an efficient hole-transfer from dyes to the spiro-OMeTAD.
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