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- Arvidsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Resource Decline in Higher Education – Perceptions and Consequences
- 2016
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Ingår i: LTHs 9:e Pedagogiska Inspirationskonferens.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Teaching students is one of the main tasks of LTH, as thousands of students engage on their engineering studies at the faculty every year. The funding for teaching these students is an essential source of income for LTH, but in recent years there has been an increased worry for diminishing financing for lecturing at the faculty.This study aims to investigate how lecturers perceive the development and what practical measures they have taken in their courses to counteract it. Interviews with ten lecturers at the department of Building and Environmental technology were performed. Many different practical strategies for dealing with the situation were documented during the interviews. The strategies are mainly focusing on making the students do more of the work on their own, e.g. working with the course literature. But the approaches to the problem varied greatly, as some lecturers tried to change as little as possible in order to save time, and others who saw a need for restructuring the entire educational program.
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| 4. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A collateral damage of international top-down approaches: parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the SADC region
- 2012
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade, the interest of the international community in the concepts of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation has been growing immensely. Even though an increasing number of scholars seem to view these concepts as two sides of the same coin (at least when not considering potentially positive effects of climate change), in practice the two concepts have developed in parallel rather than in an integrated manner when it comes to policy, rhetoric and funding opportunities among international organisations and donors. This study investigates the extent of the creation of parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the SADC region. The chosen methodology for the study is a comparative case study and the data are collected through focus groups and content analysis of documentary sources, as well as interviews with key informants. The results indicate that parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation have been established in all but one of the studied countries. The qualitative interviews performed in some of the countries indicate that stakeholders in disaster risk reduction view this duplication of structures as unfortunate, inefficient and a fertile setup for conflict over resources to implement similar activities. Additional research is called for to study the concrete effects of having these parallel structures, as a foundation for advocacy for more efficient future disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.
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| 6. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Southern Africa
- 2013
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Ingår i: Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. - : AOSIS. - 2072-845X .- 1996-1421. ; 5:2, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decade, the interest of the international community in the concepts of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation has been growing immensely. Even though an increasing number of scholars seem to view these concepts as two sides of the same coin (at least when not considering the potentially positive effects of climate change), in practice the two concepts have developed in parallel rather than in an integrated manner when it comes to policy, rhetoric and funding opportunities amongst international organisations and donors. This study investigates the extent of the creation of parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The chosen methodology for the study is a comparative case study and the data are collected through focus groups and content analysis of documentary sources, as well as interviews with key informants. The results indicate that parallel structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation have been established in all but one of the studied countries. The qualitative interviews performed in some of the countries indicate that stakeholders in disaster risk reduction view this duplication of structures as unfortunate, inefficient and a fertile setup for conflict over resources for the implementation of similar activities. Additional research is called for in order to study the concrete effects of having these parallel structures as a foundation for advocacy for more efficient future disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.
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| 7. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
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‘Too many mice make no lining for their nest’ : Reasons and effects of parallel governmental structures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in Southern Africa
- 2021
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Ingår i: Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. - : AOSIS. - 1996-1421 .- 2072-845X. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many African countries face escalating challenges of increasing disaster risk and anticipated impacts of climate change. Although disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) are tightly linked and comprising virtually identical practices in vulnerable countries in Southern Africa, research has identified parallel governance structures across the region. This study applied comparative case study research, based on 27 semi-structured interviews, to investigate the reasons for and effects of such parallel structures for DRR and CCA in Botswana, Mozambique, the Seychelles, Tanzania and Zambia. It revealed overwhelmingly negative effects in terms of unclear mandates and leadership, uncoordinated efforts, duplication of efforts, suboptimal use of resources and competition over resources and control. The study identified both external reasons for the parallel structures, in terms of global or international initiatives or incentives, and internal reasons, with regard to the history and quality of the governance structures. Although the identified negative effects are common to a range of complex nexuses, there is a clear distinction with the DRR–CCA nexus comprising virtually indistinguishable practices in Southern Africa. There is, as such, no practical reason for keeping them apart. The parallel structures for DRR and CCA are instead the result of pervasive institutionalisation across the region, driven by coercive, mimetic and normative pressures coming from both within and abroad. Although much point to the difficulties of changing the studied institutional arrangements, these parallel structures for DRR and CCA must be addressed if the populations in Southern Africa are to enjoy safety and sustainable development.
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| 8. |
- Evertsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Pediatric Rectal Ultrasound Probe Intended for Ultra-High Frequency Ultrasound Diagnostics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diagnostics. - 2075-4418. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been shown that ultra-high frequency (UHF) ultrasound applied to the external bowel wall can delineate the histo-anatomic layers in detail and distinguish normal bowel from aganglionosis. This would potentially reduce or lessen the need for biopsies that are currently mandatory for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung’s disease. However, to our knowledge, no suitable rectal probes for such a use are on the market. The aim was to define the specifications of an UHF transrectal ultrasound probe (50 MHz center frequency) suitable for use in infants. Probe requirements according to patient anatomy, clinicians’ requests, and biomedical engineering UHF prerequisites were collected within an expert group. Suitable probes on the market and in clinical use were reviewed. The requirements were transferred into the sketching of potential UHF ultrasound transrectal probes followed by their 3D prototype printing. Two prototypes were created and tested by five pediatric surgeons. The larger and straight 8 mm head and shaft probe was preferred as it facilitated stability, ease of anal insertion, and possible UHF technique including 128 piezoelectric elements in a linear array. We hereby present the procedure and considerations behind the development of a proposed new UHF transrectal pediatric probe. Such a device can open new possibilities for the diagnostics of pediatric anorectal conditions.
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| 9. |
- Graneli, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Histopathological dimensions differ between aganglionic and ganglionic bowel wall in children with Hirschsprung’s disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the validation of new imaging technology for children with Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR), basic anatomical parameters of the bowel wall must be established specifically for this patient group. Aim: To explore differences in histoanatomical layers of bowel wall, comparing ganglionic and aganglionic bowel walls, and to examine if the bowel wall thickness is linked to patient weight. Methods: This was an observational study of bowel specimens from children weighing 0–10 kg, operated on consecutively during 2018–2020. Ganglionic and aganglionic bowel walls were measured in digitalized microscopy images from 10 sites per trans-sectional specimen and compared regarding the thickness of their histoanatomical layers. Results: Bowel walls were measured in 21 children. Full bowel wall thickness did not differ between aganglionic and ganglionic bowel (2.20 vs 2.04; p = 0.802) while weight at surgery correlated positively with both ganglionic and aganglionic bowel wall thickness (r = 0.688 and 0.849, respectively), and age at surgery with ganglionic bowel wall thickness (r = 0.517). In aganglionic segments, the muscularis externa layer was thicker compared to that in ganglionosis (0.45 vs 0.31 mm, p = 0.012) whereas the muscularis interna was thinner (0.45 vs 0.62 mm, p < 0.001). A diagnostic index was identified whereby a lower ratio of muscularis interna/externa thickness followed by a thinner muscularis interna differed between aganglionic and ganglionic bowel in all specimens. Conclusion: Thicknesses of the bowel wall’s muscle layers differ between aganglionic and ganglionic bowel walls in children with HSCR. These findings support a diagnostic index that could be validated for transfer to instant diagnostic imaging techniques.
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| 10. |
- Granéli, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Ultra high frequency ultrasonography to distinguish ganglionic from aganglionic bowel wall in Hirschsprung disease : A first report
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3468. ; 56:12, s. 2281-2285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Purpose: In Hirschsprung disease (HD) surgery, confirming ganglionic bowel is essential. A faster diagnostic method than the current frozen biopsy is desirable. This study investigated whether aganglionic and ganglionic intestinal wall can be distinguished from each other by ultra high frequency ultrasound (UHF ultrasound). Methods: In an HD center during 2019, intestinal walls of recto-sigmoid specimens from HD patients were examined ex vivo with a 70 MHz UHF ultrasound transducer. Data from four sites were described. Histopathologic analysis was compared to the ultrasonography outcome at each site. Each patient's specimen served as its own control. Results: 11 resected recto-sigmoid specimens (median 20 cm long [range 6.5–33]) with transition zones of 5 cm (2–11 cm) were taken from children aged 22 days (13–48) weighing 3668 g (3500–5508); 44 key sites were analyzed. There was full concordance for 42/44 (95%) key sites and 10 of 11 (91%) specimens. The specimen with discordance of two key sites contained a segment of aganglionosis (3 cm) and a transition zone (1 cm): the site discordance was limited to the transition zone ends. Conclusions: This first report on UHF ultrasound in recto-sigmoid HD shows promising results in identifying aganglionosis, transition zones and ganglionic bowel. Further in vivo studies are required.
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