| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Ahlinder, Elisabeth, 1981-
(författare)
-
Finansiering med fastigheter som säkerhetsunderlag : Köp, pant, hyra och jordabalkens gränser
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral dissertation examines the extent to which the actual use of commercial premises as security is consistent with how such premises theoretically are to be used for such purposes. The objective is to examine the functionality of the Swedish Land Code (LC)(1970:994) in relationship to the use of alternative financing forms and techniques.The theoretical approach for the use of real estate as a security object is that such is achieved by the assignment of a pledge in real estate. With the commercial use of real estate, the real estate pledge is not the only, nor in certain cases even the primary, form of use of real estate for the purposes of security. Financing occurs to a great extent, for example, using real estate leasing, real estate bonds, Mezzanine loans, pledges in shares of a real estate holding company and through ringfencing structures.This doctoral dissertation posits that the differences between the actual and theoretical uses of real estate parcels as security can entail that uncertainties and incompatibilities in relationship to LC arise. These problems can be seen to arise as a consequence of internationalization, the categorization of real and personal property, the intent to circumvent rules, the fact that common law based contract structures are applied in a Swedish system, the use of standard agreements, and the requirements of credit ratings. The different uses with respect to real estate and security as discussed in this dissertation are not completely compatible with each other. The use of alternatives and complements to real estate pledges affects the fulfillment of the legal objectives of real estate law and constitutes a problem in relationship to the function of legitimacy. In addition, the intended functions of the alternative financing forms and techniques to a certain degree are impeded by the mandatory regulations, form requirements and debtor creditor legal principles in LC.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Bäckström, Lars
(författare)
-
Rätten till mineral : en studie om befogenheter och legala inskränkningar i äganderätten till fastighetens beståndsdelar
- 2012
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since long, Swedish land owners has been forced to accept that their land is claimed for mining activities. The utilization has taken place in accordance with different laws and legal rules. Also the current Minerals Act expresses a right for third parties to assimilate minerals from other people's property. The question of who owns the mineral prior the utilization is however not answered by the Minerals Act or by any other statute. In addition to being principally interesting, the ownership issue is also of practical importance, for instance regarding the right to exploit minerals covered by the Minerals Act for household use, or the right to exploit unregulated mineral as well as in future assessments regarding e.g. mineral compensation. In addition to the principal question of ownership, the Minerals Act also gives rise to a number of other issues that affect the land owner's right in relation to the extraction of minerals on the property. The main purpose of this study has thus been to identify who, if any, can be regarded as the principal owner of the elements of earth that contains minerals under Swedish law. To do this it has been necessary to define the concept of ownership in the property context. Furthermore, the study also contains an investigation regarding whether the minerals in the earth is to be considered a part of the property, and if the property ownership entails a principal right (power) for the owner to utilize minerals that may exist underground. The right with which third parties can reside on private land and there perform the preliminary studies that may be required to obtain exploration permit is also examined, as well as the conditions for – and the powers that comes with – permit and concession in accordance with the Minerals Act. The results of the study confirm that the ownership of property in Sweden is negatively determined and that all powers relating to the property therefore is due to the owner, unless law, custom, tradition or other source of law states otherwise. The results of the study also indicate that the mineral in the ground are to be considered a part of the property; the landowner is therefore in principle its owner and the function of the Minerals Act is that of a legal constraint. It is also concluded that it is possible to perform a large part of the necessary preliminary investigations with support of the Right of Common (Swe: Allemansrätten).
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
