| 1. |
- Albert, J., et al.
(författare)
-
Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5548 .- 1651-1980. ; 46:10, s. 673-677
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modern medical treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has drastically reduced the morbidity and mortality in patients infected with this virus. ART has also been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy is based on a workshop organized in the fall of 2012. It summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmission from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. The risk of transmission via shared injection equipment among intravenous drug users is also examined, as is the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Based on current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. This probably also applies to unprotected intercourse, provided that no other sexually transmitted infections are present, although it is not currently possible to fully support this conclusion with direct scientific evidence. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in advance of delivery.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Berntsson Svensson, Richard, et al.
(författare)
-
The Application of Geographical Information Systems to Multinational Finance Corporations
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Business and Systems Research. - 1751-200X. ; 3:4, s. 437-455
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geographical information systems (GIS) aim to help decision-makers to relate different types of data in a spatial context and to reach conclusions about these relationships. This research examines the potential areas that a GIS could be applied within multinational finance corporations. The results highlight the importance of combining the financial aspects of the multinational with its operational functions. Furthermore, the results show that the ability of the GIS to model financial information, as well as the ability of the GIS to integrate with other systems while maintaining data integrity were the two most preferred GIS design features.
|
|
| 8. |
- Gaines, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Six-week follow-up after HIV-1 exposure: a position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 48:2, s. 93-98
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2014 the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) conducted a review and analysis of the state of knowledge on the duration of follow-up after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Up until then a follow-up of 12 weeks after exposure had been recommended, but improved tests and new information on early diagnosis motivated a re-evaluation of the national recommendations by experts representing infectious diseases and microbiology, county medical officers, the RAV, the Public Health Agency, and other national authorities. Based on the current state of knowledge the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the RAV recommend, starting in April 2015, a follow-up period of 6 weeks after possible HIV-1 exposure, if HIV testing is performed using laboratory-based combination tests detecting both HIV antibody and antigen. If point-of-care rapid HIV tests are used, a follow-up period of 8 weeks is recommended, because currently available rapid tests have insufficient sensitivity for detection of HIV-1 antigen. A follow-up period of 12 weeks is recommended after a possible exposure for HIV-2, since presently used assays do not include HIV-2 antigens and only limited information is available on the development of HIV antibodies during early HIV-2 infection. If pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis is administered, the follow-up period is recommended to begin after completion of prophylaxis. Even if infection cannot be reliably excluded before the end of the recommended follow-up period, HIV testing should be performed at first contact for persons who seek such testing.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Harraghy, N, et al.
(författare)
-
The adhesive and immunomodulating properties of the multifunctional Staphylococcus aureus protein Eap
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Microbiology (Reading, England). - : Microbiology Society. - 1350-0872 .- 1465-2080. ; 149:Pt 10, s. 2701-2707
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to the host tissue is an important step in the initiation of pathogenesis. At least 10 adhesins produced by S. aureus have been described and it is becoming clear that the expression of these adhesins and their interactions with eukaryotic cells involve complex processes. Some of these, such as the fibronectin-binding proteins (FnBPs) and Clumping Factor A, are well characterized. However, in the last 10 years a number of novel S. aureus adhesins have been described. Functional analyses of these proteins, one of which is Eap (extracellular adherence protein, also known as Map and p70), are revealing important information on the pathogenesis of staphylococcal disease. More than 10 years after the first report of Eap, we are beginning to understand that this protein, which has a broad spectrum of functions, may be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of S. aureus. This review will focus on the interactions of Eap with eukaryotic cells, plasma proteins and the extracellular matrix as well as on the recently recognized role of Eap as an important mediator in the immune response to staphylococcal infection.
|
|
