| 1. |
- Boss, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Uppvärmning och kylning av lokaler ur energi- och miljömässigt samt ekonomiskt perspektiv
- 2009
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Demand for cooling of commercial buildings is increasing and there is a potential for expanding district cooling systems, especially in district heating areas. Using district heating and district cooling has been compared to heat pump techniques. Primary energy, environmental influence and economy have been evaluated. Four buildings in Gothenburg have been included in the study and certain differences have been found depending on demands of heating and cooling, which vary according to design and activity. The results are specific for Gothenburg due to the combination of production methods for district heating and cooling and the pricing, which differ compared to other places. Different perspectives on production of electricity, district heating and district cooling, e.g. average or marginal production, is of vital importance when comparing environmental influence. In most of the case studies the demand of primary energy is lower for district heating and cooling compared to heat pump systems. With a marginal perspective district heating and cooling will lead to lower emissions of greenhouse gases. Using the perspective of average production will on the other hand rate heat pump systems to have a lower influence on the greenhouse effect in most of the cases. Which technique is the most cost efficient depends mainly upon relation of heating and cooling demands. Where there is a greater demand for cooling than for heating, district heating and cooling is more advantageous. It is a need for improved data in commercial buildings from reliable field measurements. The quality of the evaluation is very much dependent on reliable measured data from real installations.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fernö, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Analys av HER2 i bröstcancer kvalitetssäkrad. Viktig behandlingsprediktiv och prognostisk faktor.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 105:32-33, s. 2181-2184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed and/or amplified in 15-20% of all breast cancers, and is associated with an aggressive tumour type with impaired prognosis and a predictive marker for trastuzumab treatment. HER2 status can be determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) at protein level and by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysing gene amplification, and it is recommended that it should be performed in all primary breast cancers. In a quality control study the reproducibility of HER2 status was assessed by distributing eleven breast tumours prepared on a tissue microarray to 25 pathology laboratories in Sweden in 2005 and 2006. The concordance between the laboratories indicated good reproducibility for IHC 2005 (kappa value 0.79) and very good reproducibility for 2006 (kappa value 0.86). The corresponding reproducibility for FISH was very good on both occasions (kappa value 0.92 and 0.96 respectively). A questionnaire indicated that 90% of all primary breast cancers diagnosed in Sweden in 2006 were tested for HER2 status. By way of summary, HER2 status is now implemented in clinical routine diagnostics in Sweden, and the present reproducibility study supports a high quality of testing.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Flat tube heat exchangers - Direct and indirect noise levels in heat pump applications
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311. ; 66:1-2, s. 104-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the outdoor unit of an air-source heat pump the fan is a major noise source. The noise level from the fan is dependent on its state of operation: high air-flow and high pressure drop often result in higher noise levels. In addition, an evaporator that obstructs an air flow is a noise source in itself, something that may contribute to the total noise level. To be able to reduce the noise level, heat exchanger designs other than the common finned round tubes were investigated in this study. Three types of heat exchanger were evaluated to detect differences in noise level and air-side heat transfer performance at varying air flow. The measured sound power level from all the heat exchangers was low in comparison to the fan sound power level (direct effect). However, the heat exchanger design was shown to have an important influence on the sound power level from the fan (indirect effect). One of the heat exchangers with flat tubes was found to have the lowest sound power level, both direct and indirect, and also the highest heat transfer rate. This type of flat tube heat exchanger has the potential to reduce the overall noise level of a heat pump while maintaining heat transfer efficiency.
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| 6. |
- Haglund, Charlotte, 1974-
(författare)
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Social interaction and identification among adolescents in multilingual suburban Sweden : A study of institutional order and sociocultural change
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is based on an ethnographic fieldwork among a group of adolescents in and out of school in suburban Sweden. The adolescents share the diasporic experience of living outside of the countries or nations of origin, experiencing marginalization in relation to majority society and concurrently being part of global, national and local transformations and changes. Their voices, of the margin and the center, in relation to traditional institutional order and sociocultural change respectively, are described, interpreted and partly explained in the thesis. A number of strategic positionings, allegiances and identifications are identified. The adolescents are positioned and collectively position themselves and each other in everyday social interaction. They manifest allegiances and identifications based on their diverse experiences and beliefs in the benefits of being multilinguals and having experiences in more than one, and across, cultural and national networks. Together the adolescents challenge stigmas and stereotypes related to language, culture and education and struggle to legitimize themselves and escape marginalization. They also exploit their own and each other’s experiences, backgrounds and knowledge for their individual and collective purposes. Besides these dominating counter-discourses, most commonly manifested in peer group interaction and in formal classroom interaction with teachers, the adolescents’ individual accounts give evidence of more submissive attitudes and responses, characterized by ambivalence and compliance. The study is an illustration of how structures of domination and discrimination are contested but also reestablish themselves on the micro-level of speech. It uncovers connections between the micro-level of face-to-face verbal interaction and the macrolevel of institutional order and sociocultural change. It also indicates that social actors are not simply subjected to static relations of power but on the contrary are most active in making transformations and changes come true. Pointing in the direction of a linkage between social order and interactional order and at the role of contestation and opposition in social process, the present work constitutes a contribution to empirical and theoretical developments in sociolinguistics. Further insights are provided both into the established traditional social order and the reformulations of it in the course of late modernity.
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| 8. |
- Haglund, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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HER2-testning för bröstcancer. Kvalitetssäkrad analys av tillväxtfaktor erbjuds nu på svenska laboratorier
- 2005
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 102:10, s. 740-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Between 20 and 30 per cent of all breast cancers show an overexpression of the growth factor HER2 and this implies a worse prognosis. Metastasising breast cancer that overexpress HER2 can effectively be treated with trastuzumab (Herceptin). In order to determine whether this treatment is indicated, HER2 expression must be quantified with immunohistochemical or molecular biological methods. Several factors may influence the laboratory analysis of HER2, such as choice of antibodies and probes, the reliability of the test performance itself and the performance of the pathologist(s) interpreting the test. National guidelines for HER2 testing have been published in several countries. In this article a series of quality assurance projects leading to the formulation of Swedish guidelines for HER2 testing is described. These projects have demonstrated that several Swedish pathology laboratories can reliably perform and interpret analysis of HER2 status today.
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| 10. |
- Haglund Stignor, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Energy-efficient flat-tube heat exchangers in indirect display cabinet and air-conditioning applications
- 2011
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Ingår i: 23nd International Congress of Refrigeration, International Institute of Refrigeration.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible performance of flat-tube heat exchangers in indirectly cooled display cabinets and airconditioning systems has been studied. Experimental investigations of plain fin flat-tube heat exchangers have been sandwiched with theoretical parameter studies. The results show that flat-tube heat exchangers with plain fins provide considerable savings in the required electric drive power compared to the use of traditional coil designs in supermarket display cabinets. The savings can be up to 15 %. The flat-tube heat exchangers can operate with a small temperature difference which makes frost-free operation possible and thereby the savings potential even larger. In addition, results from experiments and calculations for the same flat-tube heat exchanger designs in indirect air-conditioning applications show that this type of heat exchanger can deliver the desired heat transfer performance at considerably lower pressure drop, both on the air and on the liquid side compared to traditional cooling-coils.
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