| 1. |
- Allwood, Jens, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Some Simple Automatic Measures of Spoken Interaction
- 1994
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the XIV Conference of Scandinavian Linguistics & Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics 72, University of Göteborg.. - Göteborg : Göteborg University.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic consequences of dog breed formation-Accumulation of deleterious genetic variation and fixation of mutations associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease in cavalier King Charles spaniels
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 17:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selective breeding for desirable traits in strictly controlled populations has generated an extraordinary diversity in canine morphology and behaviour, but has also led to loss of genetic variation and random entrapment of disease alleles. As a consequence, specific diseases are now prevalent in certain breeds, but whether the recent breeding practice led to an overall increase in genetic load remains unclear. Here we generate whole genome sequencing (WGS) data from 20 dogs per breed from eight breeds and document a similar to 10% rise in the number of derived alleles per genome at evolutionarily conserved sites in the heavily bottlenecked cavalier King Charles spaniel breed (cKCs) relative to in most breeds studied here. Our finding represents the first clear indication of a relative increase in levels of deleterious genetic variation in a specific breed, arguing that recent breeding practices probably were associated with an accumulation of genetic load in dogs. We then use the WGS data to identify candidate risk alleles for the most common cause for veterinary care in cKCs-the heart disease myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). We verify a potential link to MMVD for candidate variants near the heart specific NEBL gene in a dachshund population and show that two of the NEBL candidate variants have regulatory potential in heartderived cell lines and are associated with reduced NEBL isoform nebulette expression in papillary muscle (but not in mitral valve, nor in left ventricular wall). Alleles linked to reduced nebulette expression may hence predispose cKCs and other breeds to MMVD via loss of papillary muscle integrity.
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| 3. |
- Farrugia, L., et al.
(författare)
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Cleaning genie : An international case study in integrated product development
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Integrated Design Engineering, IDE 2014. - : Otto-von-Guericke-University. - 9783941016095 ; , s. 133-142
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper documents the product development project that was carried out following the first session of the Integrated Product Development Summer School (ipdISS14). The first part of this summer school was held in Malta in May 2014. The second part was held in Magdeburg in September. The team was comprised of six members from five EU institutions and the aim of the project was develop a cleaning solution for delicate objects by using an Integrated Product Development methodology. The report presents the process in detail as well as important lessons learned. The final solution proposed, Cleaning Genie, is a cleaning add-on for cordless screwdrivers for the consumer market. Many households are lacking effective and cost efficient means of cleaning delicate objects, little did they know that the common cordless screwdriver that most of them have in their toolbox together with the affordable Cleaning Genie add-ons can solve their cleaning problems. Cleaning Genie is targeting an enormous consumer market by applying bundling and low price strategies.
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| 4. |
- Hagman, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Conditions for electric vehicle taxi : A case study in the Greater Stockholm region
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Transportation. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 1556-8318 .- 1556-8334. ; 13:6, s. 450-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the usability of electric vehicles (EVs) in a taxi company in Greater Stockholm, Sweden. By investigating cost and revenue data of both electric and conventional taxi vehicles, as well as by interviewing taxi drivers and carriers, an assessment has been made of the financial and operational implications of using EVs in a company's taxi fleet. Both the drivers' and the carriers' perspectives have been examined. The main findings are that the investigated e-taxis have a similar or lower Total Cost of Ownership and slightly higher profitability than the investigated conventional taxis. For taxi drivers, using e-taxis implies more advanced planning and revenue service time being sacrificed for charging. However, certain customers' preferences for EVs, as well as benefits such as corporate clients favoring e-taxis and a zero emission priority queuing system at Stockholm's main international airport (partly) compensate for time devoted to charging. In order to facilitate increased use of e-taxis, more fast charging facilities should become available at strategic locations. Besides that, there are signs that carriers' lack of information about the opportunities and consequences of shifting towards e-taxis hamper a wider deployment of e-taxis.
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| 5. |
- Hagman, Jens, 1984-
(författare)
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Diffusion of Battery Electric Vehicles : The Role of Total Cost of Ownership
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to their high efficiency, zero tailpipe emissions and possibilities of using renewable electricity, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) have been proposed as a way to alleviate the negative consequences of transport. However, as with other energy-efficient innovations market uptake or diffusion of BEVs have so far been limited. Three main barriers for BEV diffusion have been identified in the literature: limited range, lack of charging and high purchase price. Range and charging have been extensively studied. The high purchase price and other ownership costs of BEVs has not received the same amount of attention. The focus of this thesis is to go beyond the purchase price of BEVs, that in general is higher than for Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs). This thesis will center on costs; as the low running cost of BEVs validates further investigations regarding the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) compared to ICEVs. The aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate the TCO of BEVs for both private and professional use-cases relative to the TCO of ICEVs, and further, to explore to which degree TCO is incorporated in the vehicle choice process. The main theoretical underpinnings of this thesis are innovation diffusion theory, a set of theories that describes the process by which an innovation is adopted among the members of a social system. In a narrower consumer behavior setting, rational choice and the emerging literature in behavior economics also forms an important theoretical basis for this thesis. The method choices in the four studies included in this thesis reflects the complex socio-technical system that BEVs inhabits. A mix of quantitative (e.g. surveys and driving data) and qualitative (interviews) methods have been used.The results of Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) computations in this thesis indicate that the actual cost of BEVs can be lower than for equivalent ICEVs. This has been validated for different contexts and use-cases in both private and professional settings. However, the actual TCO of BEVs is likely to have a small influence on vehicle choice. The results indicate that only a small minority (4 %) of mainstream vehicle buyers conducted a complete TCO analysis and that the majority (58 %) did not calculate any ownerships costs into their vehicle choice process. In addition, vehicle buyers have a poor understanding of on-going vehicle ownership costs of their present vehicle. Thus, they are uninformed about vehicle costs in general and of TCO in particular. Calculating TCO is a challenging task for consumers, requiring both cognitive efforts and time. It can be suspected that vehicle buyers instead use purchase price as a proxy for TCO. Approximation of costs through purchase price could yield significant overestimation in the cost of owning and operating a BEV. This thesis argues that the market introduction of BEVs requires a new approach to evaluate vehicle costs among the stakeholders involved. The relationship between high effort costs and unknown ownership cost is radically altered due to the low ownership costs of BEVs. The potential rewards of being attentive to TCO are thus larger in the case of BEVs compared to ICEVs. Several aspects have been found to correlate to being more TCO attentive: higher income, higher educational level, having a larger comparison set of vehicles and increased stated importance of TCO in vehicle choice. However, vehicle buyers receive little assistance from vehiclesalespeople in estimating TCO of BEVs. Vehicle salespeople often focus on purchase price instead of taking the time to estimate TCO. Lower financial incentives for selling BEVs could be an underlying cause for vehicle salespeople not to emphasize the potential cost superiorities of BEVs in relation to ICEVs. In addition, the results allude that additional barriers related to BEV diffusion remains important. This is exemplified in the professional use-case of taxis that was investigated in this thesis, where range and charging limitations of BEVs negatively affected work conditions.Four main conclusions can be drawn based on the results of this thesis: BEVs can be TCO competitive with ICEVs, TCO is rarely applied in the vehicle choice process, the market introduction of BEVs requires a new approach to evaluate vehicle costs among the stakeholders involved, and that improved understanding and application of vehicle TCO would improve the diffusion outlook of BEVs by improving their relative advantage. Based on these conclusions it is recommend that industry and public policy address the apparent misalignment between perceived and actual TCO of BEVs. This can be done by: improving knowledge of TCO among vehicle buyers, creating a comprehensive yet simple to use TCO computational tool and increasing the financial incentives of selling BEVs for vehicle salespeople.
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| 6. |
- Hagman, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Selling electric vehicles : Experiences from vehicle salespeople in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Business and Management (RTBM). - 2210-5395 .- 2210-5409.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric vehicles have thus far only captured a small share of the vehicle market. Much research has been focused on the perspective of existing or prospective adopters of Electric Vehicles. Less emphasis has been placed on intermediaries such as vehicle salespeople, who could be an important mediator in the product matching process by providing useful information, facilitating direct experience and having a direct influence on adoption decisions of vehicle buyers. This paper addresses this research gap by means of a qualitative investigation of vehicle salespeople at OEMs who sell both Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles on the Swedish market. 15 interviews with vehicle salespeople at leading OEMs were conducted in the fall of 2017. The results reveal that the sales process of vehicles is mainly focused on the sales of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles. Electric Vehicles are treated as a niche product which often requires the vehicle buyer to initiate the sales process. It can be concluded that relatively few steps have been taken by OEMs, dealerships and vehicle salespeople to influence mainstream buyers to consider Electric Vehicles as an alternative to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles at the point of sale. Possible reasons for the bias towards Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles can be found in the apparent lack of training and experience regarding Electric Vehicles among vehicle salespeople, longer sales and delivery times for Electric Vehicles and a commission structure that that often favors Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles.
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| 7. |
- Hagman, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Selling electric vehicles : Experiences from vehicle salespeople in Sweden
- 2022
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Business and Management (RTBM). - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-5395 .- 2210-5409. ; 45, s. 100882-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electric vehicles are capturing ever larger market shares of the new vehicle market in several large vehicle markets such as Europe and China. However, electric vehicles still only make up a small fraction of the total vehicle fleet. Much research has been focused on the perspective of existing or prospective adopters of Electric Vehicles. Less emphasis has been placed on intermediaries such as vehicle salespeople, who could be important mediators in the product matching process by providing helpful information, facilitating direct experience and directly influencing vehicle buyers' adoption decisions. This paper addresses this research gap using a qualitative investigation of vehicle salespeople at OEMs who sell both Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles on the Swedish market. Fifteen interviews with vehicle salespeople at leading OEMs were conducted in the fall of 2017. The results reveal that the sales process of vehicles is mainly focused on the sales of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles. Electric Vehicles are treated as niche products which often require the vehicle buyer to initiate the sales process. It can be concluded that OEMs, dealerships and vehicle salespeople have taken relatively few steps to influence mainstream buyers to consider Electric Vehicles as an alternative to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles at the point of sale. Possible reasons for the bias towards Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles can be found in the apparent lack of training and experience regarding Electric Vehicles among vehicle salespeople, more extended sales and delivery times for Electric Vehicles and a commission structure that often favours Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles.
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| 8. |
- Hagman, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Teknisk utveckling och beteende och påverkan på behov av infrastruktur
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna slutrapport är resultatet av ett direktuppdrag som tilldelades RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, efter avrop från ramavtal, av Energimyndigheten i maj 2023. Direktuppdraget är en delmängd av regeringsuppdraget ”Handlingsprogram för laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas”. Uppdraget har genomförts av tre forskare från RISE under perioden juni till augusti år 2023 med en total budget på 250 029 kr. Det huvudsakliga syftet har varit att belysa sex teknik- och användartrender inom elektromobilitet som har potential att påverka utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. De sex teknik- och användartrenderna som identifierats är: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), batteribyten, laddhybrider 2.0, batteristorlek, bilpooler och vätgas. Teknik- och användartrenderna har analyserats individuellt genom omvärldsanalys där marknads- och teknikmognad, ledande länder/regioner och företag samt aktuell forskning är huvudsakliga källor. Vidare har varje teknik- och användartrend analyserats utifrån deras möjliga påverkan på utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur eller tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. I rapporten används begreppen DC snabbladdning och AC destinationsladdning. DC snabbladdning utgår ifrån EU:s definition vilket inkluderar DC laddning över 50 kW, i denna rapport innefattas även DC laddning över 150 kW vilket av EU benämns som Ultrasnabbladdning1. AC destinationsladdning syftar i denna rapport på AC laddning på upp till 22 kW, vilket av EU klassificeras som långsam (upp till 7,4 kW) och mediumsnabb AC laddning2. Arbetet bör ses som en övergripande nulägesbild över hur dessa teknik- och användartrender har utvecklats och en preliminär kvalitativ bedömning av dess möjliga påverkan på Sveriges framtida behov av infrastruktur för laddning och vätgas. För huvuddelen av teknik- och användartrenderna råder alltjämt stor osäkerhet kring framtida utveckling och den möjliga påverkan på utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. Området har hittills fått lite uppmärksamhet i den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Rapporten är uppdelad i sex kapitel, ett kapitel per teknik- och användartrend.
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| 9. |
- Hagman, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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The TCO Paradox : A Key Problem in the Diffusion of Energy Efficient Vehicles?
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Industrial and Business Management. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 2164-5167 .- 2164-5175. ; 7, s. 1267-1284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to explore how mainstream vehicle buyers perceive and apply Total Cost of Ownership in their vehicle choice process. All else equal, rational consumers ought to evaluate Total Cost of Ownership in order to acquire the real cost of owning a particular vehicle under consideration, unless bounded rationality is affecting their behavior. The results reveal that vehicle buyers generally are capable of understanding the relative size of indi- vidual costs that make up vehicle Total Cost of Ownership but fail to evaluate and apply multiple costs in their vehicle purchase process. Regression analysis exposes that income, educational level, stated importance of Total Cost of Ownership and the number of vehicles in the choice set have a positive asso- ciation with the degree that consumers conduct an evaluation of vehicle Total Cost of Ownership. Failure to consider Total Cost of Ownership can lead to uneconomic vehicle choices, which is here labeled as the TCO paradox. This could have an especially negative effect on the diffusion of battery electric ve- hicles, which require a more detailed cost analysis in order to extract its low operating cost structure.
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| 10. |
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