| 1. |
- Hagman, Linda, 1991-, et al.
(author)
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Advancing the Circular Economy Through Organic by-Product Valorisation : A Multi-criteria Assessment of a Wheat-Based Biorefinery
- 2021
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In: Waste and Biomass Valorization. - : Springer Nature. - 1877-2641 .- 1877-265X.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The transition toward a circular and biobased economy requires the biorefineries and bio-based industries to become more resource efficient with regards to their waste and by-product management. Organic by-products and waste streams can be an important source of value if used in feasible pathways that not only have a low environmental impact but also preserve or recover their energy, nutrients, and other potentially valuable components. Through development of a multi-criteria assessment framework and its application on a real case, this article provides methodological and practical insights on decision making for enhanced by-product management. Our framework includes 8 key areas and 18 well-defined indicators for assessing the environmental performance, feasibility, and long-term risk of each alternative. We studied six different management options for the stillage by-product of a Swedish wheat-based biorefinery and our results shows that the most suitable options for this biorefinery are to use the stillage either as animal fodder or as feedstock for local biogas production for vehicle fuel. This multi-criteria approach can be used by bio-based industrial actors to systematically investigate options for by-product management and valorisation for a circular and bio-based economy.
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| 2. |
- Hagman, Linda, 1991-, et al.
(author)
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Assessment of By-product Valorisation in a Swedish Wheat-Based Biorefinery
- 2020
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In: Waste and Biomass Valorization. - : Springer Netherlands. - 1877-2641 .- 1877-265X. ; 11:7, s. 3567-3577
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biorefineries are examples of industries striving towards a circular and bio-based economy through valorising natural raw materials to a spectrum of products. This is a resource-efficient process which also decreases overall environmental impact, as the products from a biorefinery can replace fossil-based products such as plastics or fuels. To become even more resource efficient, an optimisation of the by-product use can increase the performance. This study will evaluate different scenarios for the valorisation of stillage coming from a wheat-based biorefinery. The alternatives range from the direct use of the stillage for fodder, fertiliser or incineration to three different biogas production-based scenarios. The biogas scenarios are divided into the production of fuel at a local or distant plant and the alternative of creating heat and power at the local plant. The results show how locally produced biogas for vehicle fuel and fodder usage are the better alternatives regarding greenhouse gas emissions, the finances of the biorefinery, energy balance and nutrient recycling. The results also indicate that biorefineries with several high-value products may receive lower quality by-product flows, and to these, the biogas solutions become more relevant for valorising stillage while improving value and performance for the biorefinery.
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| 3. |
- Hagman, Linda, 1991-
(author)
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Biogas solutions- Speeding up the sustainability transition in the post-pandemic recovery
- 2020
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In: European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. - : ETA-Florence Renewable Energies. - 9788889407202
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As the pandemic struck the globe discussions regarding food and energy security rose in severalregions as deliveries could not be guaranteed. The social and economic recovery after this pandemic should considerthe need for a sustainability transition that includes focus on more circular and bio-based solutions. In circular andbio-based societies, biogas solutions are needed for treating organic waste streams while producing renewable energyand fertilisers. This article contains a policy review where effects regarding aspects like food and energy security,resilience and competitiveness from biogas solutions are analysed in the context of the post-pandemic recovery. Theresults identify contributions from the biogas solutions through renewable energy production, fertiliser production,waste management and rural development to combat challenges identified in the post pandemic-recovery. Biogassolutions multi-functional character indicates a significant sustainability potential in contrast to narrowly conceivedsolutions that instead cause problem shifting.
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| 4. |
- Hagman, Linda, 1991-
(author)
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Creating value from bio-residuals : Biogas solutions for biobased industries in Scandinavia
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis focuses on biogas solutions for biobased industries as substrate management or energy providers. It investigates how such solutions are set up, what factors are important for their development, the effects on society and biobased industries, and the possibility of having biogas solutions as part of a sustainability strategy for biobased industries. The thesis has its scientific foundation in industrial ecology, the resource-efficient bioeconomy, and biogas solutions. The thesis is a synthesis of six appended papers focusing on value-creation, development, strategies, and the performance of biogas solutions in biobased industries.The results show that biobased industries can gain competitiveness, improved sustainability performance, and reduced costs through biogas solutions. The development of biogas solutions for biobased industries is improved through collaboration between actors where win-win solutions are identified, and resources are recovered locally. Biogas solutions will have an important role in recovering nutrients and improving resource efficiency of biobased industrial systems. This research contributes with the knowledge to implement more biogas solutions for biobased industries in different parts of the world by pointing out, additional values provided, factors to consider for the development, and the biobased industries’ strategic interest in biogas solutions.
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| 5. |
- Hagman, Linda, 1991-
(author)
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How do biogas solutions influence the sustainability of bio-based industrial systems?
- 2018
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Biomass is a valuable and limited resource that should be used efficiently. The potential of replacing fossil-based products with bio-based ones produced in biobased industrial systems is huge. One important aim of increasing the share of biobased products is to improve the sustainability of systems for production and consumption. Therefore, it is important to evaluate what solutions are available to improve the sustainability performance of bio-based industrial systems, and if they also bring negative impacts. The thesis focuses on assessing the role of biogas solutions in developing sustainable bio-based systems. Such assessments are often quite narrow in their scope and focus on quantitative environmental or economic aspects. This thesis aims at also including feasibility related aspects involving the contextual conditions that are assessed more qualitatively. Biogas solutions are identified as a versatile approach to treat organic materials which are generated in large volumes in bio-based industrial systems. The results show that biogas solutions in bio-based industrial systems (i) improve circular flows of energy and nutrients, (ii) are especially viable alternatives when the quality of the by-product streams become poorer, and (iii) may improve the profitability of the bio-based industrial system. To perform better assessments of these systems, it seems valuable to broaden the set of indicators assessed and include feasibility-related indicators, preferably through the involvement of relevant stakeholders as they contribute with different perspectives and can identify aspects that influence the sustainability in different areas. Future studies could benefit from applying those broader assessments on more cases to build on a more generalisable knowledge base.
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| 6. |
- Lindfors, Axel, 1993-, et al.
(author)
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The Nordic biogas model : Conceptualization, societal effects, and policy recommendations
- 2022
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In: City and Environment Interactions. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Elsevier. - 2590-2520. ; 15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Because biogas systems may take many forms, utilizing different feedstock and finding different end uses for the biogas, it is becomes difficult to produce explanations, inferences, and conclusions about biogas systems in general, which is why concepts for specific types of biogas systems are needed. This paper introduces the concept of the Nordic biogas model, an urban waste-based biogas system where biogas is upgraded to biomethane and used as transport fuel and the digestate applied as biofertilizer on farmland. The Nordic biogas model has three functions, namely, renewable transport fuel production, waste management service, and biofertilizer production that all bring secondary and tertiary positive societal effects, such as reduced climate gas emissions and productivity benefits to industry. This has implications for environmental and sustainability assessment of the Nordic biogas model as the multi-functionality must be considered when choosing reference scenarios, system boundary, and indicators to use within assessments. Finally, the paper discusses policy recommendations for supporting the implementation of the Nordic biogas model. Such policy should respect the multi-functionality of the Nordic biogas model by creating coherent policy mixes that neither neglect nor over-compensate for the multi-functionality of the Nordic biogas model.
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