| 1. |
- Kiiski, Heikki, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy human CSF promotes glial differentiation of hESC-derived neural cells while retaining spontaneous activity in existing neuronal networks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biology open. - : The Company of Biologists. - 2046-6390. ; 2:6, s. 605-612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibilities of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cells from the basic research tool to a treatment option in regenerative medicine have been well recognized. These cells also offer an interesting tool for in vitro models of neuronal networks to be used for drug screening and neurotoxicological studies and for patient/disease specific in vitro models. Here, as aiming to develop a reductionistic in vitro human neuronal network model, we tested whether human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neural cells could be cultured in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in order to better mimic the in vivo conditions. Our results showed that CSF altered the differentiation of hESC-derived neural cells towards glial cells at the expense of neuronal differentiation. The proliferation rate was reduced in CSF cultures. However, even though the use of CSF as the culture medium altered the glial vs. neuronal differentiation rate, the pre-existing spontaneous activity of the neuronal networks persisted throughout the study. These results suggest that it is possible to develop fully human cell and culture-based environments that can further be modified for various in vitro modeling purposes.
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| 2. |
- Söder, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Composition and short-term stability of gut microbiota in lean and spontaneously overweight healthy Labrador retriever dogs
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The gut microbiota and its metabolic end-products act in close collaboration with the nutrient metabolism of the animal. A relationship between excess adiposity and alterations in gut microbiota composition has been identified in humans and rodents, but data are scarce for overweight dogs. This study compared composition and temporal variations of gut microbiota in healthy lean and spontaneously overweight dogs. The analysis was based on three individual fresh faeces samples from each dog during a 10-day period. Twenty-seven healthy and intact male Labrador retriever dogs were included, 12 of which were classified as lean (body condition score (BCS) 4-5 on a 9-point scale) and 15 as overweight (BCS 6-8). Gut microbiota was analysed by Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results Lean and overweight groups of dogs were not separated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), analysis of similarity (one-way ANOSIM, P = 0.99) or species indicator analysis (IndVal) using operational taxonomic units (OTU) data. Gut microbial taxa at phylum, family or genus level did not differ between lean and overweight dogs in mixed-model repeated measures analyses. Short-term stability, evaluated by similarity index, did not differ between lean and overweight dogs over the 10-day period. Pooled Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was 3.1 +/- 3.7 in overweight dogs and 2.1 +/- 1.2 in lean dogs (P = 0.83). Individual dogs, irrespective of body condition (lean or overweight), displayed variation in mean alpha diversity (Chao-1 index range 122-245, Shannon index range 2.6-3.6) and mean similarity index (range 44-85%). Conclusions Healthy lean and spontaneously overweight Labrador retriever dogs had comparable gut microbiota composition and short-term stability over a 10-day sampling period. There were no alterations in microbial diversity or in relative abundance of specific taxa at phylum, family or genus level in overweight compared to lean dogs. Our findings suggest that there are few detectable differences in gut microbiota composition between healthy spontaneously overweight and lean dogs by the current method. Future application of metagenomic or metabolomic techniques could be used to investigate microbial genes or microbial end-products that may differ even when microbiota compositional analyses fail to detect a significant difference between lean and overweight dogs.
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| 3. |
- Söder, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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The urine metabolome differs between lean and overweight Labrador Retriever dogs during a feed-challenge
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity in dogs is an increasing problem and better knowledge of the metabolism of overweight dogs is needed. Identification of molecular changes related to overweight may lead to new methods to improve obesity prevention and treatment. The aim of the study was firstly to investigate whether Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based metabolomics could be used to differentiate postprandial from fasting urine in dogs, and secondly to investigate whether metabolite profiles differ between lean and overweight dogs in fasting and postprandial urine, respectively. Twenty-eight healthy intact male Labrador Retrievers were included, 12 of which were classified as lean (body condition score (BCS) 4-5 on a 9-point scale) and 16 as overweight (BCS 6-8). After overnight fasting, a voided morning urine sample was collected. Dogs were then fed a high-fat mixed meal and postprandial urine was collected after 3 hours. Metabolic profiles were generated using NMR and 45 metabolites identified from the spectral data were evaluated using multivariate data analysis. The results revealed that fasting and postprandial urine differed in relative metabolite concentration (partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) 1 comp: (RY)-Y-2 = 0.4, Q(2)Y = 0.32; cross validated ANOVA: P=0.00006). Univariate analyses of discriminant metabolites showed that taurine and citrate concentrations were elevated in postprandial urine, while allantoin concentration had decreased. Interestingly, lean and overweight dogs differed in terms of relative metabolite concentrations in postprandial urine (PLS-DA 1 comp: (RY)-Y-2 = 0.5, Q(2)Y = 0.36, cross-validated ANOVA: P=0.005) but not in fasting urine. Overweight dogs had lower postprandial taurine and a trend of higher allantoin concentrations compared with lean dogs. These findings demonstrate that metabolomics can differentiate 3-hour postprandial urine from fasting urine in dogs, and that postprandial urine metabolites may be more useful than fasting metabolites for identification of metabolic alterations linked to overweight. The lowered urinary taurine concentration in overweight dogs could indicate alterations in lipid metabolism and merits further investigation.
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| 4. |
- Söder, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Urine metabolite profiles in normal weight and overweight dogs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 28, s. 1090-1090
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity in dogs is increasing and lifestyle-related diseases affect pets as well as pet owners. Urine metabolite profiles have earlier shown to be specific for both dog phenotypes and disease status. The objective of this study was to compare urine metabolite profiles in normal weight and overweight Labrador retrievers in fasting and postprandial samples. A total of 28 healthy intact male dogs aged 1-9 years with body condition score 4-8 (BCS, scale 1-9) were included in the study. Of these dogs 16 were classified as overweight (BCS 6-8) and 12 were classified as normal weight (BCS 4-5). An overnight fasting period of 14-17 hours was followed by collection of free catch morning urine. Thereafter each dog was fed a high energy diet containing half its daily maintenance requirements, based on body weight (BCS 4-5) and calculated ideal body weight (BCS 6-8).Three hours after the meal, a second urine sample was collected. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was used for urine evaluation at both time points. Principal component analysis of metabolite profiles showed less variation among postprandial samples than among fasting samples and metabolite profiles changed with age irrespective of sampling time point. Moreover, a difference was seen between normal weight and overweight dogs in postprandial metabolite profiles. Therefore, identification of obesity-related urine metabolites appears possible and promise to provide further knowledge of metabolic alterations in dog obesity. In addition, urine biomarkers merit to be investigated as a potential diagnostic tool for obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions in dogs.
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