| 1. |
- Hagsand, Angelica, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of the degree of alcohol intoxication on eyewitness memory for a violent crime: Identification accuracy in lineup
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Oral presentation at The Nordic Network for Psychology and Law (NNPL), September 16-17 2011, Oslo, Norway.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction and Aim. In Sweden, 50-70% of all violent crimes are alcohol related (BRÅ, 2007, 2009). Eyewitnesses are valuable to the Police since they have seen the event and many crimes lack technical evidence like DNA. Due to the limited studies in the area, this ongoing experimental study might give valuable knowledge to the legal system concerning the assessment of alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses and the credibility of their testimonies. Methods. The participants (N = 120 when finished) consists of healthy adult students. The study uses a 3 x 2 between- participants design with random assignment to alcohol beverage (none vs. moderate vs. high dose,) and lineup presentation (target present vs. target absent). Consumption time is 15 minutes in a laboratory with living room design. A movie depicting a staged kidnapping is shown to the participants and after 30 minutes of distracting filler tasks the participants are interviewed. One week later, the participants are presented the simultaneous lineup in order to identify the culprit from the movie and are also interviewed in more detail about the crime scene. Results and Conclusions. The data collection is ongoing during the spring of 2011. To this date, data from half of the participants has been collected. Results concerning identification accuracy will be presented and discussed at the NNPL conference in Oslo in September 2011.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Altman, Chris, et al.
(författare)
-
Drunk Not Blind: The Effects of High Alcohol Doses on Eyewitness Identifications.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Oral presentation at the 5th annual forensic science symposium at the International Forensic Research Institute (IFRI). Miami, USA..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated witnesses often exceed the legal BAC limit of .08 (Evans et. al, 2009); however, little research has examined how high levels of intoxication impair eyewitnesses’ memory using a lineup procedure. This study tested witnesses’ memory across a broad BAC spectrum (.00-.32). Bar patrons were recruited to watch a mock crime video before making an identification from either a target-absent or target-present lineup. Results suggest that intoxicated witness’ identification performance parallels that of sober witnesses, but highly intoxicated witnesses are less confident in their identifications. Implications for collecting evidence from intoxicated witnesses are discussed.
|
|
| 4. |
- Altman, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
-
How much is too much? The effects of real-world intoxication levels on eyewitness identifications.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Oral presentation at the annual meeting of the American Psychology- Law Society (APLS) (Atlanta, USA)..
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated witnesses often exceed the legal BAC limit of .08 (Evans et. al, 2009); however, little research has examined how high levels of intoxication impair eyewitnesses’ memory using a lineup procedure. This study tested witnesses’ memory across a broad BAC spectrum (.00-.32). Bar patrons were recruited to watch a mock crime video before making an identification from either a target-absent or target-present lineup. Results suggest that intoxicated witness’ identification performance parallels that of sober witnesses, but highly intoxicated witnesses are less confident in their identifications. Implications for collecting evidence from intoxicated witnesses are discussed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Altman, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
-
Over the limit: Highly intoxicated witnesses’ ability to recall an event
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) annual conference. Seattle, USA: 16-18 March.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although intoxicated witnesses often exceed the legal BAC limit, few studies have examined how elevated BAC levels (>.08) affect eyewitness memory. This study tested witnesses’ memory across a broader BAC spectrum. Bar patrons were recruited (N =138) to watch a mock crime video. Immediately after, participants were interviewed using open-ended and cued questions. Alcohol diminished participants’ recall quantity and quality, but only those who were highly intoxicated (BAC >.13). Findings suggest the BAC levels frequently tested do not fully unveil the impairments highly intoxicated witnesses experience. Implications for collecting evidence from intoxicated witnesses are discussed.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Altman, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
-
Witnesses’ memory for events and faces under elevated levels of intoxication
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Memory. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-8211 .- 1464-0686. ; 26:7, s. 946-959
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on alcohol and witness memory has burgeoned over the last decade. However, most studies have tested participants at relatively low breath alcohol concentration (BAC) levels, unrepresentative of those encountered by officers in the field. To examine how higher intoxication levels might impair witness memory for events and faces, the current research tested participants’ ability to recall a mock crime at elevated BAC levels (>.08%). The BAC levels of bar patrons (N = 138) were recorded before witnessing a video-taped mock crime. Participants were then interviewed using free recall and cued questions and shown a six-person target-present or target-absent lineup. Results show that alcohol negatively affected both the quantity and quality of recall. Regardless of question format, alcohol also reduced the percentage of accurate information elicited from witnesses; however, only cued questions increased the percentage of inaccurate information reported. Intoxication had no effect on identification accuracy. These findings suggest that the encoding and storage systems for faces and events may be impacted differently by alcohol. Our results also highlight the importance of including higher BAC levels when examining the effects of alcohol on witness memory.
|
|
| 8. |
- Evans, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol and interrogations: Does intoxication increase the risk of self-incrimination?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Poster presented at at the 2022 Convention of the American Psychological Association (APA) conference, Minneapolis, USA, 4-6th of August 2022.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Law enforcement routinely interrogate intoxicated suspects in the U.S. despite the fact that very little is known about the effects of intoxication on interrogation outcomes. The intoxicated may be at particular risk for making impulsive decisions that focus on short-term consequences, including making incriminating statements or confessing. Experimental participants, who were randomly assigned to sober, placebo, or intoxicated conditions, engaged in the Cheating Paradigm (Russano et al., 2005). Their interrogations are being coded to determine if intoxication state impacted whether guilty and innocent participants provided incriminating statements. Findings have implications for theory and police practice when interrogating the intoxicated.
|
|
| 9. |
- Evans, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of alcohol intoxication and short-sighted decision-making in the interrogation room
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition. - 2211-3681.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Suspects are often intoxicated during arrest and interrogation, yet little is known about intoxicated suspects during interrogation. Student participants (n = 141) were assigned to an intoxication group (sober, placebo, intoxicated at approximately .08%) and to be guilty or innocent of cheating (i.e., the cheating paradigm). To test whether alcohol myopia leads intoxicated suspects to focus on immediate salient consequences during interrogation an interrogator accused participants of cheating and used one of two possible interrogation scripts that varied the consequences of confession and denial. There were no significant effects of intoxication, although all false confessors were intoxicated. Guilty participants focused more on short-term consequences than innocent participants when providing statements that could be interpreted as incriminating. Most participants made such a guilt-suggestive statement, indicating that if they talk to police everyone is at risk of saying something to reinforce investigators’ suspicions. Low-to-moderate intoxication, surprisingly, does not amplify that risk.
|
|
| 10. |
- Evans, Jacqueline, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of intoxication and alcohol expectancies on suggestibility as measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale
- 2017
-
Ingår i: American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) Annual conference. Seattle, USA: 16-18 March.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intoxicated witnesses and suspects in the U.S. are routinely questioned by law enforcement yet little is known about the effects of intoxication in legal contexts. The sparse research on the effect of intoxication on suggestibility is mixed. The current study will attempt to help clarify these mixed findings. Intoxicated, placebo, and control participants will complete the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale after consuming drinks consistent with their randomly assigned condition. Suggestibility is expected to be highest in intoxicated participants, lowest for control participants, and placebo participants are expected to fall in the middle. Implications for the criminal justice system will be discussed.
|
|
