| 1. |
- Chivasso, Clara, et al.
(författare)
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Ezrin is a novel protein partner of aquaporin-5 in human salivary glands and shows altered expression and cellular localization in sjögren’s syndrome
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an exocrinopathy characterized by the hypofunction of salivary glands (SGs). Aquaporin-5 (AQP5); a water channel involved in saliva formation; is aberrantly dis-tributed in SS SG acini and contributes to glandular dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the role of ezrin in AQP5 mislocalization in SS SGs. The AQP5–ezrin interaction was assessed by immuno-precipitation and proteome analysis and by proximity ligation assay in immortalized human SG cells. We demonstrated, for the first time, an interaction between ezrin and AQP5. A model of the complex was derived by computer modeling and in silico docking; suggesting that AQP5 interacts with the ezrin FERM-domain via its C-terminus. The interaction was also investigated in human minor salivary gland (hMSG) acini from SS patients (SICCA-SS); showing that AQP5–ezrin complexes were absent or mislocalized to the basolateral side of SG acini rather than the apical region compared to controls (SICCA-NS). Furthermore, in SICCA-SS hMSG acinar cells, ezrin immunore-activity was decreased at the acinar apical region and higher at basal or lateral regions, accounting for altered AQP5–ezrin co-localization. Our data reveal that AQP5–ezrin interactions in human SGs could be involved in the regulation of AQP5 trafficking and may contribute to AQP5-altered localization in SS patients.
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| 2. |
- Dahlström, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of Limit Order Cancellations
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We investigate the economic rationale behind limit order cancellations from the perspective of liquidity suppliers. We predict that an order is cancelled whenever its expected revenue no longer exceeds the expected cost and we model how order profitability variation can be determined from changes in the state of the order book and the order queue position. Our empirical evidence supports the predictions in general and for orders submitted by high-frequency trading firms in particular. Consistent with our model approach, we find that order cancellation patterns are more consistent with market making than with liquidity demand strategies.
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| 3. |
- Dahlström, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde : Market Makers and Toxic Arbitrageurs
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Toxic arbitrage opportunities can arise when the prices of two related securities move sequentially rather than simultaneously. Relatively slow liquidity providers could then incur losses to the arbitrageurs, known as snipers. We investigate arbitrage activity between futures and exchange-traded funds in the Swedish blue-chip index. We find that trading firms that otherwise behave as market makers morph into snipers as toxic arbitrage opportunities emerge. In contrast to common belief, market makers are net beneficiaries of toxic arbitrage. The finding can be rationalized by economies of scope, since both arbitrage and market-making strategies rely on low-latency market monitoring technology.
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| 4. |
- Dahlström, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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The determinants of limit order cancellations
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Financial Review. - 0732-8516 .- 1540-6288. ; 59:1, s. 181-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Almost all limit orders are canceled. We examine two economic channels that can motivate cancellations: reductions in the expected profit at execution, and reductions in the probability of execution. An order-level analysis shows that changes in depth at the best bid and offer prices, as well as changes in the order queue position, influence cancellation in a way consistent with the former channel, that market makers monitor the expected profit at execution of each limit order. Although buy-side investors use passive orders extensively, our findings indicate that limit order cancellations on aggregate are best understood through models of liquidity provision.
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| 5. |
- Ding, Ding, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived neighborhood environment and physical activity in 11 countries : Do associations differ by country?
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1479-5868. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing empirical evidence supports associations between neighborhood environments and physical activity. However, since most studies were conducted in a single country, particularly western countries, the generalizability of associations in an international setting is not well understood. The current study examined whether associations between perceived attributes of neighborhood environments and physical activity differed by country. Methods: Population representative samples from 11 countries on five continents were surveyed using comparable methodologies and measurement instruments. Neighborhood environment x country interactions were tested in logistic regression models with meeting physical activity recommendations as the outcome, adjusted for demographic characteristics. Country-specific associations were reported. Results: Significant neighborhood environment attribute x country interactions implied some differences across countries in the association of each neighborhood attribute with meeting physical activity recommendations. Across the 11 countries, land-use mix and sidewalks had the most consistent associations with physical activity. Access to public transit, bicycle facilities, and low-cost recreation facilities had some associations with physical activity, but with less consistency across countries. There was little evidence supporting the associations of residential density and crime-related safety with physical activity in most countries. Conclusion: There is evidence of generalizability for the associations of land use mix, and presence of sidewalks with physical activity. Associations of other neighborhood characteristics with physical activity tended to differ by country. Future studies should include objective measures of neighborhood environments, compare psychometric properties of reports across countries, and use better specified models to further understand the similarities and differences in associations across countries.
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| 6. |
- Hagströmer, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Components of the Bid-Ask Spread and Variance : A Unified Approach
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of futures markets. - : Wiley. - 0270-7314 .- 1096-9934. ; 36:6, s. 545-563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a structural model for the price formation and liquidity supply of an asset. Ourmodel facilitates decompositions of both the bid–ask spread and the return variance intocomponents related to adverse selection, inventory, and order processing costs. Furthermore,the model shows how the fragmentation of trading volume across trading venues influencesinventory pressure and price discovery. We use the model to analyze intraday price formationfor gold futures traded at the Shanghai Futures Exchange. We find that order processing costsexplain about 50% of the futures bid–ask spread, whereas the remaining 50% is equally due toasymmetric information and to inventory costs. About a third of the variance in futures returnsis attributable to microstructure noise. Trading at the spot market has a significant influence onfutures price discovery, but only a limited impact on the futures bid–ask spread.
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| 9. |
- Norén, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The positive effects of habit reversal treatment of scratching in children with atopic dermatitis : a randomized controlled study
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of Dermatology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0007-0963 .- 1365-2133. ; 178:3, s. 665-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Scratching and itch are common clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (AD). Studies of adult patients have shown that a decrease in scratching behaviour results in regression of inflammation and improved healing of the skin.Objectives: To investigate whether a modified habit reversal (HR) treatment protocol could be used for the treatment of scratching in children to improve skin status.Methods: The study is a single‐blind, randomized controlled trial of 39 patients who started with registration a week before randomization into one of two groups (intervention or control). The participants in the intervention group received a habit‐breaking therapy of their scratching behaviour (i.e. HR) in addition to a potent steroid (mometasone furoate), whereas the patients in the control group received the steroid alone. The patients were assessed by an independent dermatologist after the first week of registration (baseline assessment) and then after 3 and 8 weeks of treatment. The primary efficacy variable was a change in objective Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD).Results: At the end of the 3‐week treatment period, the change in mean objective SCORAD was significantly (P = 0·027) higher in the intervention group (−31·9 ± 9·5) than in the control group (−23·8 ± 10·1). After the 8‐week follow‐up, the change in mean objective SCORAD was significantly (P = 0·0038) higher in the intervention group (−31·7 ± 10·4) than in the control group (−19·7 ± 9·4).Conclusions: The treatment of scratching with the HR method in combination with a potent steroid was found to improve skin status significantly after 3 and 11 weeks.
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