| 1. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(author)
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Assessing the geography of vandalism : Evidence from a Swedish city
- 2005
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In: Urban Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 42:9, s. 1637-1656
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates the occurrence of vandalism at the small-area level for the Swedish city of Malmo using data from the Skane Police Authority's database. Demographic, socioeconomic and land use characteristics measured at the small-area level are used as predictors of vandalism with particular interest in the role of collective resources. Standardised vandalism ratios were calculated and mapped using a geographical information system (GIS). Spatial regression models were used to test hypotheses relating to the variation in vandalism rates. Findings show that spatial variation in vandalism is significantly related to social disorganisation risk factors as well as land use factors, but that the physical presence of local leisure associations (a 'collective resource') produces higher vandalism rates.
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| 2. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(author)
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Crime in border regions : The Scandinavian case of Öresund, 1998-2001
- 2004
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In: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 94:4, s. 807-826
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article compares offense patterns at two points in time in Öresund, a Scandinavian border region that spans Sweden and Denmark. The aim of the analysis is to contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between crime and demographic, socioeconomic, and land use covariates in a border area that has been targeted with long-term investments in transport. The changes effected by the construction of the Öresund bridge might be expected to have an impact on both the levels and the geographies of different offenses by creating new sites for offending and new, more vulnerable, transient groups. The article focuses on identifying and explaining changes in the geography of crime before and after the bridge was built. Spatial statistical techniques and GIS underpin the methodology employed. The article shows that there have been changes in the levels and the geography of some offenses. Crime in border regions is likely to be of growing interest in Europe as a result of European Union (EU) enlargement and increasing intra-European cross-border movement facilitated by improved communication systems.
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| 3. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(author)
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Exploring offence statistics in Stockholm City using spatial analysis tools
- 2002
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In: Annals of the Association of American Geographers. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0004-5608 .- 1467-8306. ; 92:1, s. 29-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this article is to investigate changes since the early 1980s in offence patterns for residential burglary, theft of and from cars, and vandalism in Stockholm City using methods from spatial statistics. The findings of previous Swedish studies on crime patterns and the insights provided by different theories, notably one propounded by Wikstrom (1991), provide a background for this study and are briefly reviewed. The analytical elements of the article are presented in two main parts. The first consists of a brief description of methodological procedures to obtain robust estimates of small-area standardized offence ratios. Attention is pail to both the spatial framework and the method of calculating rates. Standardized offence ratios (SORs) are calculated and mapped using GIS, and the Getis-Ord statistic is used to identify areas of raised incidence. The variation in a relative risk is modeled as a function of socioeconomic variables using the linear regression model, recognizing the complications raised by the spatial nature of the data. Results suggest that while there have been no dramatic changes in the geographies of these offences in Stockholm City during the last decade, there have been some shifts both in geographical patterns and in their association with underlying socioeconomic conditions.
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| 4. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Short and medium term dynamics and their influence on acquisitive crime rates in the transition States of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
- 2008
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In: Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. - : Springer. - 1874-463X .- 1874-4621. ; 1, s. 215-244
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The 1990s saw the three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania change from centrally planned to more market oriented economies with associated societal transformations. Profound changes such as these create uncertainty and social instability that can lead to social problems including increased rates of crime and disorder. We report and comment upon Police recorded crime data that shows numbers of acquisitive and drug related crimes in the three states from 1993 to 2000. However the scale of economic change including the mediating effects of social institutions may vary from place to place within each state. Acquisitive crime is a phenomenon typical of urban or densely populated regions in the Baltic countries. Analysing regional variation in crime rates provides an opportunity to test whether negative socio-economic change impacts on rates for these crimes. Findings show weak evidence of the effect of social change on crime. Spatial statistical techniques and GIS (Geographical Information Systems) underpin the methodology employed.
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| 5. |
- Ceccato, Vania, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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The ecology of outdoor rape : The case of Stockholm, Sweden
- 2018
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In: European Journal of Criminology. - : Sage Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this article is to report the results of an ecological study into the geography of rape in Stockholm, Sweden, using small area data. In order to test the importance of factors indicating opportunity, accessibility and anonymity to the understanding of the geography of rape, a two-stage modelling approach is implemented. First, the overall risk factors associated with the occurrence of rape are identified using a standard Poisson regression, then a local analysis using profile regression is performed. Findings from the whole-map analysis show that accessibility,opportunity and anonymity are all, to different degrees, important in explaining the overallgeography of rape - examples of these risk factors are the presence of subway stations or whetherabasområde is close to the city centre. The local analysis reveals two groupings of high risk ofrape areas associated with a variety of risk factors:city centre areas with a concentration of alcoholoutlets, high residential population turnover and high counts of robbery; andpoor suburban areaswith schools and large female residential populations where subway stations are located and wherepeople express a high fear of crime. The article concludes by reflecting upon the importance of these results for future research as well as indicating the implications of these results for policy
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| 6. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(author)
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The geography of homicide in Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 2007
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In: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 39:7, s. 1632-1653
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors investigate geographical patterns of homicide in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The geography of crime in developing world cities has been an underresearched area in part because of the lack of good-quality, geocoded offence data. In the case of Sao Paulo the availability of a new digital police dataset has provided the opportunity to improve our understanding of its crime patterns. The authors report the testing of hypotheses about the spatial variation in homicide rates. This variation is explained by poverty, situational conditions determined by differences in land use, and processes that indicate links with the geography of drug markets and the availability of firearms.
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| 7. |
- Ioannidis, Ioannis, et al.
(author)
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Using remote sensing data to derive built-form indexes to analyze the geography of residential burglary and street thefts
- 2024
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In: Cartography and Geographic Information Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1523-0406 .- 1545-0465. ; , s. 1-17
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- By deploying remotely sensed data together with spatial statistical modeling, we use regression modeling to investigate the relationship between the density of the built environment and two types of crime. We show how the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) data set, which is a measure of building density generated from Sentinel 2A satellite imagery, can be used to create different indexes to describe the built environment for the purpose of analyzing crime patterns for indoor crimes (residential burglary) and open space crimes (street theft). Analysis is at neighborhood level for Stockholm, Sweden. Modeling is then extended to incorporate six planning areas which represent different neighborhood types within the city. Modeling is further extended by adding selected social, economic, demographic and land use variables that have been found to be significant in explaining spatial variation in the two crime categories in Stockholm. Significant associations between the GHSL-based indexes and the two crime rates are observed but results indicate that allowance for differences in neighborhood type should be recognized. Average income and transport hubs were also significant variables in the investigated crime categories. The article provides a practical demonstration and assessment of the use of high-resolution satellite data to examine the association between urban density and two common types of crime and offers reflections about the use of satellite image data in crime analysis.
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| 8. |
- Kerry, Ruth, et al.
(author)
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Applying Geostatistical Analysis to Crime Data : Car-Related Thefts in the Baltic States
- 2010
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In: Geographical Analysis. - : Wiley. - 0016-7363 .- 1538-4632. ; 42:1, s. 53-77
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Geostatistical methods have rarely been applied to area-level offense data. This article demonstrates their potential for improving the interpretation and understanding of crime patterns using previously analyzed data about car-related thefts for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in 2000. The variogram is used to inform about the scales of variation in offense, social, and economic data. Area-to-area and area-to-point Poisson kriging are used to filter the noise caused by the small number problem. The latter is also used to produce continuous maps of the estimated crime risk (expected number of crimes per 10,000 habitants), thereby reducing the visual bias of large spatial units. In seeking to detect the most likely crime clusters, the uncertainty attached to crime risk estimates is handled through a local cluster analysis using stochastic simulation. Factorial kriging analysis is used to estimate the local- and regional-scale spatial components of the crime risk and explanatory variables. Then regression modeling is used to determine which factors are associated with the risk of car-related theft at different scales.
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| 9. |
- Ramesh Babu, J., et al.
(author)
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Genetic inactivation of p62 leads to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration
- 2008
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In: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 106:1, s. 107-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The signaling adapter p62 plays a coordinating role in mediating phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent trafficking of interacting proteins. However, there is little known about the physiologic role of this protein in brain. Here, we report age-dependent constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase in adult p62(-/-) mice resulting in hyperphosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration. Biochemical fractionation of p62(-/-) brain led to recovery of aggregated K63-ubiquitinated tau. Loss of p62 was manifested by increased anxiety, depression, loss of working memory, and reduced serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Our findings reveal a novel role for p62 as a chaperone that regulates tau solubility thereby preventing tau aggregation. This study provides a clear demonstration of an Alzheimer-like phenotype in a mouse model in the absence of expression of human genes carrying mutations in amyloid-beta protein precursor, presenilin, or tau. Thus, these findings provide new insight into manifestation of sporadic Alzheimer disease and the impact of obesity.
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