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- Pesämaa, Ossi, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Cooperative Strategies for Improving the Tourism Industry in Remote Geographic Regions : An Addition to Trust and Commitment Theory with one Key Mediating Construct
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 8:1, s. 48-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The success of cooperative relationships is influenced by interorganizational commitment, which is a long-run goal of networks. Our research examined cooperative relationships in the tourism industry to better understand what makes them successful. The study is an extension of previous empirical research on commitment. The overall research questions were: “What factors lead to interorganizational commitment in remote tourism destinations?” and “What are the relationships between the factors?” A literature search was conducted to identify factors related to organizational commitment. Search findings suggested a model proposing that interpersonal commitment mediates the effect of trust and reciprocity on interorganizational commitment. Data for the model was collected from a sample of tourism firms in successful cooperative networks. The theoretical model was purified based on convergent, nomological and discriminant validity as well as construct reliability. Our findings demonstrated that the relationship between trust and interorganizational commitment is in fact mediated by interpersonal commitment. We confirmed that reciprocity is directly related to interorganizational commitment, and is not mediated by interpersonal commitment. Thus, tourism firms should develop cooperative strategies in their networks by focusing on enhancing interpersonal commitment through trust, thereby ultimately helping to strengthen interorganizational commitment.
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| 2. |
- Pesämaa, Ossi, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Do satisfaction and attachment mediate the relationship between service quality and loyalty?
- 2008
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Ingår i: World Journal of Tourism Small Business Management. - 1991-1394. ; 2:1, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines whether satisfaction mediates the relationship between service quality and attachment in a tourism context? It also examines whether attachment mediates the relationships between service quality and satisfaction on loyalty? To answer these questions we tested five models that pose fourteen hypotheses. Our model indicates that satisfaction mediates service quality and that attachment mediates service quality on loyalty. The proposed model exhibits acceptable levels of construct validity and reliability. Thus, we believe the models have important implications for theory and practice in the tourism field.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Pesämaa, Ossi, et al.
(författare)
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More than friendship is required : an empirical test of cooperative firm strategies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Management Decision. - : Emerald. - 0025-1747 .- 1758-6070. ; 45:3, s. 602-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine a proposed six-construct theoretical model of factors influencing successful cooperative relationships and strategy development. Design/methodology/approach - A theoretical model of strategy development and cooperative relationships was tested. Qualitative research among key experts identified 15 successful regional tourism networks. Two successful cooperative networks were selected based on annual revenues. A sample of 254 small and medium-sized members were surveyed from the two networks in Northern Minnesota, USA. Findings - Strong support was obtained for the proposed model. Hypothesized relationships were tested and the findings were consistent with previous research. Long-term orientation has a positive effect on friendship, loyalty, trust and commitment. Friendship is related to loyalty and commitment, and loyalty is related to trust. Ultimately, trust and commitment engender successful cooperation. The model can be used as a guide to strategy development at different levels in an organization. Research limitations/implications - Large firms select between higher and lower order functional strategies. Small and medium-sized firms sometimes address commitment and cooperative strategies through shared goals and decisions in order pursue higher order strategies. This paper research supports a greater emphasis on establishing relationships using loyalty, trust and commitment to develop successful higher order strategies. However, relationships based on friendship also can be an important consideration in strategy development. Practical implications - Strategic implications for developing relationships that can be used as a planning component of hierarchical strategies. Originality/value - The paper maintains that loyalty is more important than friendship in developing successful strategies based on cooperation.
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| 6. |
- Pesämaa, Ossi, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Motives, Partner Selection and Establishing Trust Reciprocity and Interorganizational Commitment
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Tourism Policy. - 1750-4104. ; 3:1, s. 62-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes and tests a theoretical model of Inter-Organisational Commitment (IOC). The model is based on six constructs and was tested on 99 small and medium sized firms. The model examines interaction and non-interaction between firms to develop a model. The theoretical model suggests that firms enter relationships in sequences, where they first consider motives and partner preferences before interaction takes place. Later in the sequence more extensive interactions develop into committed relationships that have consequences influenced by Trust (TRU) and Reciprocity (RCP) perceptions, which influence and promote lasting IOCs. The tested model exhibits nomological, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability. The contribution of the paper is related to measurement development as well as to identifying a unique sequential order to the process of IOC. It also suggests policy implications for successful development of the tourism industry in remote geographical areas.
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| 7. |
- Pesämaa, Ossi, et al.
(författare)
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Motives, Partner Selection and Establishing Trust Reciprocity and Interorganizational Commitment
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Tourism Policy. - 1750-4090 .- 1750-4104. ; 3:1, s. 62-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research proposes a model of Interorganisational Commitment (IOC). The model is based on six constructs and was tested on 99 small and medium sized firms. The model examines interaction and non-interaction between firms. The theoretical model suggests that firms enter relationships in sequences, where they first consider motives and partner preferences before interaction takes place. Later in the sequence more extensive interactions develop into committed relationships that have consequences influenced by Trust (TRU) and Reciprocity (RCP) perceptions, which influence and promote lasting IOCs. The tested model exhibits nomological, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability
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| 8. |
- Pesämaa, Ossi, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Proposing a Gap Theory of Tourism Destination Image and Validating its Correspondence to Satisfaction
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a new measure based on developing gap ratios between expected images of a tourism destination and experienced images. By measuring the gap between experienced and expected destination images we enable the ratios to vary on a larger scale ranging from -6 to +6. The result of our proposed gap definition theory is that we do not focus on consumers that found certain images important but primarily on those consumers that vary between what they expect and what they experience. Another important consequence is that the approach also facilitates dealing with the issue of respondents’ likelihood to score highly on questions relating to selected product or location attributes and also imputes skewed responses to the middle, thereby creating measurements that more closely approximate a normal distribution. A further important implication of the paper is it also links four destination image factors to satisfaction and examines the proposed hypotheses. The objective of the paper is to establish a general model between image and satisfaction. To date a total of 288 responses have been collected from Sweden and Turkey. Our hope is that this project will stimulate further research and ultimately validation of the proposed measurement and analysis approach. Our sample consists of tourists that voluntarily accepted to share their preferences. Since we are proposing a new type of ratio analysis, with relatively limited sample size, we also had to delete several items that were either not normally distributed or exhibited unacceptable reliability and validity. Our theory is practically oriented and implies a new theoretical direction within destination image research. Our proposed theory is also developed in an effort to demonstrate a greater correspondence between empirical settings and theoretical assumptions.
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