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- Hogberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Phthalate diesters and their metabolites in human breast milk, blood or serum, and urine as biomarkers of exposure in vulnerable populations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 116:3, s. 334-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phthalates may pose a risk for perinatal developmental effects. An important question relates to the choice of suitable biological matrices for assessing exposure during this period. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to measure the concentrations of phthalate diesters or their metabolites in breast milk, blood or serum, and urine and to evaluate their suitability for assessing perinatal exposure to phthalates. METHODS: In 2001, 2-3 weeks after delivery, 42 Swedish primipara provided breast milk, blood, and urine samples at home. Special care was taken to minimize contamination with phthalates (e.g., use of a special breast milk pump, heat treatment of glassware and needles, addition of phosphoric acid). RESULTS: Phthalate diesters and metabolites in milk and blood or serum, if detected, were present at concentrations close to the limit of detection. By contrast, most phthalate metabolites were detectable in urine at concentrations comparable to those from the general population in the United States and in Germany. No correlations existed between urine concentrations and those found in milk or blood/serum for single phthalate metabolites. Our data are at odds with a previous study documenting frequent detection and comparatively high concentrations of phthalate metabolites in Finnish and Danish mothers' milk. CONCLUSIONS: Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine are more informative than those in milk or serum. Furthermore, collection of milk or blood may be associated with discomfort and potential technical problems such as contamination (unless oxidative metabolites are measured). Although urine is a suitable matrix for health-related phthalate monitoring, urinary concentrations in nursing mothers cannot be used to estimate exposure to phthalates through milk ingestion by breast-fed infants.
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- Johansson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatic acinar metaplasia in the distal oesophagus and the gastric cardia: prevalence, predictors and relation to GORD
- 2010
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1174 .- 1435-5922. ; 45:3, s. 291-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature of pancreatic acinar metaplasia (PAM) in the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) remains obscure. We aimed to estimate its prevalence and investigate into its risk factors in a population-based series of first-time endoscopy patients. We investigated consecutive patients, endoscoped for the first time, representing defined catchment area populations. Biopsies were taken immediately below the GOJ and from the distal oesophagus. Endoscopy room-based cross-sectional clinical data were supplemented with exposure data from 160 population controls. Associations, expressed as odds ratios (OR), were modelled with multivariable logistic regression. A subsample of 26 patients underwent oesophageal pH monitoring. Among 644 patients (mean age 53 years, 43% men), PAM was found in 121 patients (19%), exclusively above the GOJ in 40 (6%), below GOJ in 67 (10%), and both above and below GOJ in 14 (2%). PAM exclusively above the GOJ and PAM exclusively below the GOJ were both borderline associated with age (2% increase in prevalence per year). PAM exclusively above the GOJ was significantly associated with female gender (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.3) and presence of Helicobacter pylori immediately below the GOJ (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.4). Out of 21 patients with Barretts oesophagus (BO), 8 (38%) had PAM above the GOJ. The mean value for percentage time with oesophageal pH andlt; 4.0 was 7.3% (95% CI 4.3-10.2%) among patients who had PAM above the GOJ (reference value 3.4%). Pancreatic acinar metaplasia might be an age-dependent lesion, associated with H. pylori, female gender and gastro-oesophageal reflux if located above the GOJ.
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- Lagin, Madelen, et al.
(författare)
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Last-mile logistics of perishable products : A review of effectiveness and efficiency measures used in empirical research
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0959-0552 .- 1758-6690. ; 50:13, s. 116-139
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Current online business development redistributes last-mile logistics (LML) from consumer to retailer and producer. This paper identifies how empirical LML research has used and defined logistic performance measures for key grocery industry actors. Using a multi-actor perspective on logistic performance, the authors discuss coordination issues important for optimising LML at system level. Design/methodology/approach A semi-systematic literature review of 85 publications was conducted to analyse performance measurements used for effectiveness and efficiency, and for which actors. Findings Few empirical LML studies exist examining coordination between key actors or on system level. Most studies focus on logistic performance measurements for retailers and/or consumers, not producers. Key goals and resource utilisations lack research, including all key actors and system-level coordination. Research limitations/implications Current LML performance research implies a risk for sub-optimisation. Through expanding on efficiency and effectiveness interplay at system level and introducing new research perspectives, the review highlights the need to revaluate single-actor, single-measurement studies. Practical implications No established scientific guidelines exist for solving LML optimisation in the grocery industry. For managers, it is important to thoroughly consider efficiency and effectiveness in LML execution, coordination and collaboration among key actors, avoiding sub-optimisations for business and sustainability. Originality/value The study contributes to current knowledge by reviewing empirical research on LML performance in the grocery sector, showing how previous research disregards the importance of multiple actors and coordination of actors, efficiency and effectiveness.
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- Melin, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Optimisation and comparison of liquid and dry formulations of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala J121
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - New York, USA : Springer. - 0175-7598 .- 1432-0614. ; 73:5, s. 1008-1016
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala J121 can effectively reduce mould growth on moist cereal grains during airtight storage. Practical use of microorganisms requires formulated products that meet a number of criteria. In this study we compared different formulations of P. anomala. The best way to formulate P. anomala was freeze-drying. The initial viability was as high as 80%, with trehalose previously added to the yeast. Freeze-dried products could be stored at temperatures as high as 30 degrees C for a year, with only a minor decrease in viability. Vacuum-drying also resulted in products with high storage potential, but the products were not as easily rehydrated as freeze-dried samples. Upon desiccating the cells using fluidised-bed drying or as liquid formulations, a storage temperature of 10 degrees C was required to maintain viability. Dependent on the type of formulation, harvesting of cells at different nutritional stresses affected the initial viabilities, e.g. the initial viability for fluidised-bed-dried cells was higher when the culture was fed with excess glucose, but for freeze-drying it was superior when cells were harvested after depletion of carbon. Using micro-silos we found that the biocontrol activity remained intact after drying, storage and rehydration for all formulations.
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| 6. |
- Melin, P., et al.
(författare)
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Survival of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala after long-term storage in liquid formulations at different temperatures, assessed by flow cytometry
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - Oxon, United Kingdom : Blackwell Publishing. - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 100:2, s. 264-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Investigate the survival of liquid formulations of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala J121 at different temperatures, and develop a system for comparative studies of different storage conditions and formulations.Methods and Results: The survival of P. anomala in liquid formulations with lactose, starch and trehalose amendments was measured during prolonged storage at temperatures ranging from -20 to +30 degrees C. The relative survival of the stored cells was rapidly estimated by flow cytometry. After 4 weeks incubation at 4 and 10 degrees C, 75-90% of the cells were viable, with no significant differences between the various formulations. Supplementing the storage buffer with lactose or trehalose increased the survival after longer incubations (8 and 12 weeks) at all temperatures (-20 to 30 degrees C). Trehalose was the most effective protectant at 20 and 30 degrees C (> 20% viable cells after 12 weeks at 20 degrees C). The biocontrol activity was maintained after formulation and prolonged storage of P. anomala.Conclusions: The storage potential of liquid formulated P. anomala cells can be increased by supplementation with lactose or trehalose. The combination of a custom made incubation chamber and flow cytometry was suitable to evaluate stability of P. anomala formulations.Significance and Impact of the Study: Liquid formulated P. anomala have a long shelf life. The developed test system can be used to study different formulations of other biocontrol agents.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Electrical and thermal characterization of a PV-CPC hybrid
- 2007
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Ingår i: Solar Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-092X. ; 81:7, s. 917-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long term evaluation of an asymmetric CPC PV-thermal hybrid built for high latitudes, MaRcCo (MaximumReflectorCollector), is performed in Lund, lat 55.7 degrees, and this paper discusses output estimates and characteristics of the system. The output estimates are calculated using the MINSUN simulation program. To get the input for MINSUN, measurements were performed on two MaReCo prototypes. These measurements show that the front reflector collects most of the irradiation in the summer, and the back reflector in the spring and fall. Two different reflector materials were used, anodized aluminium and aluminium laminated steel. The steel based reflector was selected for its rigidness. The output estimates show no difference in yearly output between the two reflector materials, both back reflectors deliver 168 kW h/(m(2) cell area) of electricity compared to 136 kW h/m(2) cell area for cells without reflectors. The cells facing the front reflector deliver 205 kW h/(m2 cell area) of electricity. The estimated output of thermal energy was 145 kW h/(m2 glazed area) at 50 degrees C. The estimates show that the optimal placement of the photovoltaic cells is facing the front reflector, but having cells on both sides is in most cases the best option. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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