| 1. |
- al-Emrani, Mohammad, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue improvement of welded bridge details in stainless steel using high-frequency mechanical impact treatment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, IABMAS 2018. - : CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP. ; , s. 446-451, s. 446-451
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the results from fatigue testing on welded non-load-carrying transverse attachments made of C-Mn (S460) and stainless (LDX2101) steels. The tests are done on 40 mm thick specimens in as-welded and HFMI-treated specimens. Measurements on weld toe radius and weld residual stresses are also reported. The results show that the improvement of fatigue strength that can be achieved by HFMItreatment on welded LDX2101 steel is similar to what is obtained for equivalent C-Mn steels. Also in the aswelded condition do these two types of steel show similar fatigue strength. HFMI-treatment gives more than 5 steps increase in fatigue strength for both steels, which is higher than what specified, for example by the recommendations of the International Institute of Welding.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- al-Karawi, Hassan, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Mean Stress Effect in High-Frequency Mechanical Impact (HFMI)-Treated Steel Road Bridges
- 2022
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Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 12:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) is a post-weld treatment method which substantially enhances the fatigue strength of steel weldments. As such, the method enables a more efficient design of bridges, where fatigue is often the governing limit state. Road bridges are typically trafficked by a large variety of lorries which generate load cycles with varying mean stresses and stress ranges. Unlike conventional welded details, the fatigue strength of HFMI-treated welds is known to be dependent on mean stress in addition to the stress range. The possibility of considering the mean stress effect via Eurocode’s fatigue load models (FLM3 and FLM4) was investigated in this paper. Moreover, a design method to take the mean stress effect into account was proposed by the authors in previous work. However, the proposed design method was calibrated using limited traffic measurements in Sweden, and as such, may not be representative of the Swedish or European traffic. In this paper, larger data pools consisting of more than 873,000 and 446,000 lorries from Sweden and the Netherlands, respectively, were used to examine the validity of the previous calibration in both countries. The comparison revealed no significant difference between the data pools with regards to the mean stress effect. Additionally, the previous calibration provided the most conservative mean stress effect and was considered adequately representative for both countries. The proposed design method was further validated using four composite case study bridges. It was also found that the mean stress effect was mainly influenced by the self-weight, while variation in the mean stress due to traffic had a minor influence on the total mean stress effect. Furthermore, it was found that the mean stress effect could not be accurately or conservatively predicted using FLM3 or FLM4.
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| 4. |
- al-Karawi, Hassan, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Mean stress effect in high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI)-treated welded steel railway bridges
- 2024
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Ingår i: Steel Construction. - 1867-0520 .- 1867-0539. ; 17:2, s. 81-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The need for new railway bridges is driven by the growing volume of transportation demands for both passenger and freight traffic on railway networks. In the design of these bridges, the fatigue limit state is a criterion that usually limits the allowable applied load level and thus also the utilization of the high strength of the steel material. Therefore, improving the fatigue performance of welded details by high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment leads to a more efficient design. However, the fatigue performance of HFMI-treated welds is known to be affected by the mean stress and this needs to be considered in the design of treated welded details in steel bridges. This is rather straightforward if the bridge is subjected to cycles from one type of train but becomes cumbersome when several different sets of trains (e. g. axle loads, axle distances) cross the bridge. In this article, a factor to take the mean stress effect (including self-weight and traffic load variations) into account is derived from traffic data measured in Sweden. Moreover, the mean stress effect is also predicted using the different fatigue load models in the Eurocode. These models either consist of one-load patterns such as LM71, SW/0, and SW/2 or are composed of different trains with different combinations. It was found that the mean stress effect is underestimated by the first group of models. On the other hand, the mean stress predicted by the light traffic mix is found to be close to that calculated using real traffic data, while other mixes (standard and heavy) underestimate the mean stress effect. Therefore, a correction factor to account for the mean stress effects in real traffic is derived (called here λHFMI). This factor can be used to correct the design stress range for fatigue verification of HFMI-treated welded details in railway bridges.
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| 5. |
- Dewi, Fatwa Sari Tetra, et al.
(författare)
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An increase in risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Yogyakarta, Indonesia : a comparison of two cross-sectional surveys
- 2015
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Ingår i: Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. - : Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization. - 0125-1562. ; 46:4, s. 775-785
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to describe changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) over a five year period in urban Indonesia. In 2004 (n=3,205) and 2009 (n=2,467) we conducted cross-sectional surveys of residents in Yogjakarta City, Indonesia evaluating risk factors for CVD. Smoking habits, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, blood pressure, weight, and height were recorded. The results of these 2 surveys conducted 5 years apart were then compared. The risk for having a CVD event was also calculated. Behavioral CVD risk factors were more common among men. The predicted risk of having a CVD event increased from 8.4% to 11.3% among men between 2004 and 2009. Effective measures need to be taken to change these behaviors among men in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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| 6. |
- Dewi, Fatwa S. T., et al.
(författare)
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Designing and collecting data for a longitudinal study : the Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:7, s. 704-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This paper describes the methodological considerations of developing an urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.METHODS: 1) The Sleman District was selected because it is mostly an urban area. 2) The minimum sample size was calculated to measure infant mortality as the key variable and resulted in a sample of 4942 households. A two-stage cluster sampling procedure with probability proportionate to size was applied; first, 216 Censuses Blocks (CBs) were selected, and second, 25 households in each CB were selected. 3) A baseline survey was started in 2015, and collected data on demographic and economic characteristics and verbal autopsy (VA); the 2nd cycle collected updated demographic data, VA, type of morbidity (communicable and non-communicable diseases, disability and injury) and health access. 4) The data were collected at a home visit through a Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) on a tablet device, and the data were transferred to the server through the Internet. 5) The quality control consisted of spot-checks of 5% of interviews to control for adherence to the protocol, re-checks to ensure the validity of the interview, and computer-based data cleaning. 6) A utilization system was designed for policy-makers (government) and researchers.RESULTS: In total, 5147 households participated in the baseline assessment in 2015, and 4996 households participated in the second cycle in 2016 (97.0% response rate).CONCLUSIONS: Development of an urban HDSS is possible and is beneficial in providing data complementary to the existing demographic and health information system at local, national and global levels.
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| 7. |
- Dewi, Fatwa Sari Tetra, et al.
(författare)
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Mobilising a disadvantaged community for a cardiovascular intervention : designing PRORIVA in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 3, s. 4661-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a burden for developing countries, yet few CVD intervention studies have been conducted in developing countries such as Indonesia. This paper outlines the process of designing a community intervention programme to reduce CVD risk factors, and discusses experiences with regard to design issues for a small-scale intervention.DESIGN PROCESS: THE DESIGN PROCESS FOR THE PRESENT COMMUNITY INTERVENTION CONSISTED OF SIX STAGES: (1) a baseline risk factor survey, (2) design of a small-scale intervention by using both baseline survey and qualitative data, (3) implementation of the small-scale intervention, (4) evaluation of the small-scale intervention and design of a broader CVD intervention in the Yogyakarta municipality, (5) implementation of the broader intervention and (6) evaluation of the broader CVD intervention. According to the baseline survey, 60% of the men were smokers, more than 30% of the population had insufficient fruit and vegetable intake and more than 30% of the population were physically inactive, this is why a small-scale population intervention approach was chosen, guided both by the findings in the quantitative and the qualitative study.EXPERIENCES: A quasi-experimental study was designed with a control group and pre- and post-testing. In the small-scale intervention, two sub-districts were selected and randomly assigned as intervention and control areas. Within them, six intervention settings (two sub-villages, two schools and two workplaces) and three control settings (a sub-village, a school and a workplace) were selected. Health promotion activities targeting the whole community were implemented in the intervention area. During the evaluation, more activities were performed in the low socioeconomic status sub-village and at the civil workplace.
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| 8. |
- Hakimi, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Is self-rated health an independent index for mortality among older people in Indonesia?
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical studies on the association between self-rated health (SRH) and subsequent mortality are generally lacking in low- and middle-income countries. The evidence on whether socio-economic status and education modify this association is inconsistent. This study aims to fill these gaps using longitudinal data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) site in Indonesia.In 2010, we assessed the mortality status of 11,753 men and women aged 50+ who lived in Purworejo HDSS and participated in the INDEPTH WHO SAGE baseline in 2007. Information on self-rated health, socio-demographic indicators, disability and chronic disease were collected through face-to-face interview at baseline. We used Cox-proportional hazards regression for mortality and included all variables measured at baseline, including interaction terms between SRH and both education and socio-economic status (SES).During an average of 36 months follow-up, 11% of men and 9.5% of women died, resulting in death rates of 3.1 and 2.6 per 1,000 person-months, respectively. The age-adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) for mortality was 17% higher in men than women (HR=1.17; 95% CI=1.04-1.31). After adjustment for covariates, the hazard ratios for mortality in men and women reporting bad health were 3.0 (95% CI=2.0-4.4) and 4.9 (95% CI=3.2-7.4), respectively. Education and SES did not modify this association for either sex.This study supports the predictive power of bad self-rated health for subsequent mortality in rural Indonesian men and women 50 years old and over. In these analyses, education and household socio-economic status do not modify the relationship between SRH and mortality. This means that older people who rate their own health poorly should be an important target group for health service interventions.
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| 9. |
- Haksari, Ekawaty L., et al.
(författare)
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Reference curves of birth weight, length, and head circumference for gestational ages in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The birth weight reference curve to estimate the newborns at risk in need of assessment and monitoring has been established. The previous reference curves from Indonesia, approximately 8 years ago, were based on the data collected from teaching hospitals only with limited gestational ages. The aims of the study were to update the reference curves for birth weight, supine length and head circumference for Indonesia, and to compare birth weight curves of boys and girls, first child and later children, and the ones in the previous studies. Methods: Data were extracted from the Maternal-Perinatal database between 1998-2007. Only live singletons with recorded gestational ages of 26 to 42 weeks and the exact time of admission to the neonatal facilities delivered or referred within 24 h of age to Sardjito Hospital, five district hospitals and five health centers in Yogyakarta Special Territory were included. Newborns with severely ill conditions, congenital anomaly and chromosomal abnormality were excluded. Smoothening of the curves was accomplished using a third-order polynomial equation. Results: Our study included 54,599 singleton live births. Growth curves were constructed for boys (53.3%) and girls (46.7%) for birth weight, supine length, and head circumference. At term, mean birth weight for each gestational age of boys was significantly higher than that of girls. While mean birth weight for each gestational age of first-born-children, on the other hand was significantly lower than that of later-born-children. The mean birth weight was lower than that of Lubchenco's study. Compared with the previous Indonesian study by Alisyahbana, no differences were observed for the aterm infants, but lower mean birth weight was observed in preterm infants. Conclusions: Updated neonatal reference curves for birth weight, supine length and head circumference are important to classify high risk newborns in specific area and to identify newborns requiring attention.
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| 10. |
- Hayati, Elli N, et al.
(författare)
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Behind the silence of harmony : risk factors for physical and sexual violence among women in rural Indonesia.
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Women's Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6874. ; 11, s. 52-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Indonesia has the fourth largest population in the world. Few studies have identified the risk factors of Indonesian women for domestic violence. Such research will be useful for the development of prevention programs aiming at reducing domestic violence. Our study examines associations between physical and sexual violence among rural Javanese Indonesian women and sociodemographic factors, husband's psychosocial and behavioral characteristics and attitudes toward violence and gender roles.METHODS: A cohort of pregnant women within the Demographic Surveillance Site (DSS) in Purworejo district, Central Java, Indonesia, was enrolled in a longitudinal study between 1996 and 1998. In the following year (1999), a cross-sectional domestic violence household survey was conducted with 765 consenting women from that cohort. Female field workers, trained using the WHO Multi-Country study instrument on domestic violence, conducted interviews. Crude and adjusted odds ratios at 95% CI were applied for analysis.RESULTS: Lifetime exposure to sexual and physical violence was 22% and 11%. Sexual violence was associated with husbands' demographic characteristics (less than 35 years and educated less than 9 years) and women's economic independence. Exposure to physical violence among a small group of women (2-6%) was strongly associated with husbands' personal characteristics; being unfaithful, using alcohol, fighting with other men and having witnessed domestic violence as a child. The attitudes and norms expressed by the women confirm that unequal gender relationships are more common among women living in the highlands and being married to poorly educated men. Slightly more than half of the women (59%) considered it justifiable to refuse coercive sex. This attitude was also more common among financially independent women (71%), who also had a higher risk of exposure to sexual violence.CONCLUSIONS: Women who did not support the right of women to refuse sex were more likely to experience physical violence, while those who justified hitting for some reasons were more likely to experience sexual violence. Our study suggests that Javanese women live in a high degree of gender-based subordination within marriage relationships, maintained and reinforced through physical and sexual violence. Our findings indicate that women's risk of physical and sexual violence is related to traditional gender norms.
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