| 1. |
- Flemme, Inger, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Living with life-saving technology : long-term follow-up of recipients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evidence that treatment of life-threatening arrhythmia (LTA) with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) can prolong life is convincing. Living with a lifelong heart disease will gradually influence the everyday life and encompasses some or all aspects of life. In order to influence health outcomes, the impact of the ICD must be considered in a broader context including not only the physical, but also the psychological and social functioning of the individual.The general aim of this thesis was to describe everyday life in recipients living with an ICD in a longterm perspective. The aim in Paper I was to describe changes in the life situation of recipients’ with an ICD over a period of 1 year. The aim in Paper II was to describe quality of life (QOL) and uncertainty in recipients who have an ICD and to predict QOL at long-term follow-up. Fifty-six recipients participated (I) and 35 of these recipients, who had survived at least five years, were further included (II). The Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version (I, II), Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Community version (I, II), Patient ICD Questionnaire (I) and multiple regression analysis (II) were used. Higher scores indicate higher QOL and uncertainty. The questionnaires were completed before implantation, three and twelve months after implantation (I) and also five years after implantation i.e. long-term follow up (II). At the long-term follow up, the average ICD recipient had lived with an ICD for six years and nine months (6.9 years). The results showed the overall QOL and QOL in the health/functioning domain were unchanged over time. QOL in the socio-economic (p= .002) and psychological/spiritual domains (p= .012) decreased in the first year. From baseline to long-term follow up, the QOL in the family domain (p= .011) and overall uncertainty (p= .002) decreased. Uncertainty related to the information decreased at year 1 in relation to baseline (p= .001).The aim in Paper III was to illuminate the main concern of recipients living with an ICD and how they handle this in their daily life. Sixteen recipients who had lived with an ICD between six to twenty-four months were interviewed. Data was collected and analysed in a simultaneous process according to guidelines for classical grounded theory. In the analysis, a substantive theory was generated explaining the main concern of ICD recipients and how they handle this in their daily life. The core category, labelled “Striving to resume command”, illuminates the main concern of ICD recipients. To manage this main concern, the recipients used the following strategies: Economizing resources, Distracting oneself, Submitting to one’s fate and Re-evaluating life.The aim in Paper IV was to explore relationships between OQL, coping strategies, anxiety, depression and perceived control in recipients living with an ICD and to compare those having received an ICD less or more than one year ago and those with a primary or secondary preventive indication. A cross-sectional, correlational, multicenter design was used, and 147 recipients who had lived with an ICD between six to twenty-four months completed Quality of Life Index-Cardiac version, Jalowiec Coping Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Control Attitude Scale. The results showed that anxiety, depression and perceived control were predictors of QOL. Anxiety was also a predictor of coping with optimistic coping being the most used coping strategy. There was no relationship between QOL and coping. No differences were found in QOL, coping, anxiety, depression and perceived control between recipients implanted either on a primary or secondary preventive indication or having the device less or more than one year.In this thesis, it was concluded that the ICD recipients strived to resume command over their life (III) and the more control the recipients perceived the more satisfied they were with their QOL (IV) and the more symptoms of anxiety, depression and uncertainty they experienced the less satisfied they were with their QOL (II, IV). Coping strategies were used more frequently by ICD recipient perceiving more anxiety (IV). QOL was fairly good 6,9 years after implantation and ICD recipients felt less uncertain once they had passed the first year of their illness.
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| 2. |
- Hallberg, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Peel testing of a packaging material laminate studied by in-situ X-ray tomography and cohesive zone modeling
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7496. ; 95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peel testing is used to study adhesive fracture in packaging material laminates. The focus is on improved understanding of the mechanisms that provide a laminate's adhesive properties, as measured by standard macroscopic tests. Using a specially-designed peel test load rig, peel tests are performed in-situ in a laboratory X-ray tomograph. The peel test results are analyzed using a combination of theoretical models for the adhesive fracture and 3D finite element simulations based on a cohesive zone model approach. Complementary experiments are performed to characterize the properties of the peel arm material. Relaxation of the material is found to occur during image acquisition in the in-situ tests. Despite this, it is possible to obtain 3D reconstructions with good quality during peeling. Peel test properties like the peel arm's root rotation angle and peel arm thinning are quantified. In the present 90° peel tests, it is found that the delamination progresses in an inhomogeneous manner, with the edges delaminating before the center. A number of issues and mechanisms during the peel test are identified. As an example, the peel arm itself can sometimes split, leaving residues of adhesive on the substrate surface. Such phenomena indicate the ambiguities involved in assessing adhesion properties from standard macroscopic force-displacement measurements, without accounting for the mechanisms involved on finer length scales.
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| 6. |
- Pettersson, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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An Experimental and Numerical Study of Deformation and Decohesion Mechanisms During Peel Testing of a Laminate Packaging Material
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The material used in packages for the food and dairy industries comprise multiple laminate layers, each serving different purposes in preserving and protecting the package content and by providing the appropriate packagerigidity during handling. Already during package manufacturing and filling, the package material is subject to large deformations and a range of thermal and chemical processes that sometimes cause delamination between thelaminate layers. This, in turn, can lead to a reduced product shelf lifetime and unsatisfactory package performance.In addition, controlled delamination can also be a required material property, for example in the case of package folding or opening mechanisms. Aspects like these emphasize a great need for increased understanding ofadhesion and for the ability to predict adhesion properties of different packaging materials and under different handling conditions. In order to quantify the delamination strength, more or less standardized peel tests are oftenemployed. In such tests, a laminate layer is partly separated to provide the peel arm which is pulled off from the substrate layer(s) at a constant angle. The required peel force is measured along with the peel arm deformationand provides a measure of the delamination strength of the laminate package material. However, the measured force is not only the force component required to separate the layers, but it is also due to deformation of the peelarm and possibly also additional deformation mechanisms in the substrate layer(s). Therefore, not only the cohesive bond between individual laminate layers, but also the properties of the individual laminate layers themselves must be properly characterized. In the present work, peel test experiments have been conducted and the peel force and displacement as well as the peel arm geometry have been monitored. The same peel test has also been studied by numerical simulations using a cohesive zone modeling framework. The influence of thecohesive model formulation and the choice of constitutive model for the peel arm material are investigated in relation to the experimental observations and different delamination mechanisms are observed.
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| 8. |
- Spahr, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of the human MTERF4-NSUN4 protein complex that regulates mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:38, s. 15253-15258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proteins crucial for the respiratory chain are translated by the mitochondrial ribosome. Mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis is therefore critical for oxidative phosphorylation capacity and disturbances are known to cause human disease. This complex process is evolutionary conserved and involves several RNA processing and modification steps required for correct ribosomal RNA maturation. We recently showed that a member of the mitochondrial transcription termination factor (MTERF) family of proteins, MTERF4, recruits NSUN4, a 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferase, to the large ribosomal subunit in a process crucial for mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis. Here, we describe the 3D crystal structure of the human MTERF4-NSUN4 complex determined to 2.9 angstrom resolution. MTERF4 is composed of structurally repeated MTERF-motifs that form a nucleic acid binding domain. NSUN4 lacks an N- or C-terminal extension that is commonly used for RNA recognition by related RNA methyltransferases. Instead, NSUN4 binds to the C-terminus of MTERF4. A positively charged surface forms an RNA binding path from the concave to the convex side of MTERF4 and further along NSUN4 all of the way into the active site. This finding suggests that both subunits of the protein complex likely contribute to RNA recognition. The interface between MTERF4 and NSUN4 contains evolutionarily conserved polar and hydrophobic amino acids, and mutations that change these residues completely disrupt complex formation. This study provides a molecular explanation for MTERF4-dependent recruitment of NSUN4 to ribosomal RNA and suggests a unique mechanism by which other members of the large MTERF-family of proteins can regulate ribosomal biogenesis.
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| 9. |
- Söderqvist, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Intracellular distribution of an integral nuclear pore membrane protein fused to green fluorescent protein--localization of a targeting domain
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 250:3, s. 808-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 121-kDa pore membrane protein (POM121) is a bitopic integral membrane protein specifically located in the pore membrane domain of the nuclear envelope with its short N-terminal tail exposed on the luminal side and its major C-terminal portion adjoining the nuclear pore complex. In order to locate a signal for targeting of POM121 to the nuclear pores, we overexpressed selected regions of POM121 alone or fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transiently transfected COS-1 cells or in a stably transfected neuroblastoma cell line. Microscopic analysis of the GFP fluorescence or immunostaining was used to determine the intracellular distribution of the overexpressed proteins. The endofluorescent GFP tag had no effect on the distribution of POM121, since the chimerical POM121-GFP fusion protein was correctly targeted to the nuclear pores of both COS-1 cells and neuroblastoma cells. Based on the differentiated intracellular sorting of the POM121 variants, we conclude that the first 128 amino acids of POM121 contains signals for targeting to the continuous endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear envelope membrane system but not specifically to the nuclear pores and that a specific nuclear pore targeting signal is located between amino acids 129 and 618 in the endoplasmically exposed portion of POM121.
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| 10. |
- Wannberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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High-Speed Synthesis of Potent C2-Symmetric HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors by in Situ Aminocarbonylations
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of combinatorial chemistry. - 1520-4766 .- 1520-4774. ; 7:4, s. 611-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two novel series of C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors were synthesized by microwave-promoted, palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylations of the o-iodo- and m-bromobenzyloxy P1/P1' substituted core structures. Molybdenum hexacarbonyl was used as a convenient solid source of carbon monoxide in these transformations. After the initial high-speed library generation, biological testing identified highly active HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Selected ortho- and meta-decorated inhibitors were subsequently resynthesized on a larger scale and retested for their affinity toward HIV-1 protease, showing micromolar to low nanomolar inhibition. The discovery of highly active inhibitors containing large phenyl amide ortho substituents in the P1/P1' positions indicates that larger groups than previously believed are tolerated in this part of the S1/S1' pocket.
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