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Sökning: WFRF:(Halldin )

  • Resultat 1-10 av 1481
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1.
  • Aare, Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • Injury tolerances for oblique impact helmet testing
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 9:1, s. 15-23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The most frequently sustained severe injuries in motorcycle crashes are injuries to the head, and many of these are caused by rotational force. Rotational force is most commonly the result of oblique impacts to the head. Good testing methods for evaluating the effects of such impacts are currently lacking. There is also a need for improving our understanding of the effects of oblique impacts on the human head. Helmet standards currently in use today do not measure rotational effects in test dummy heads. However rotational force to the head results in large shear strains arising in the brain, which has been proposed as a cause of traumatic brain injuries like diffuse axonal injuries (DAI). This paper investigates a number of well-defined impacts, simulated using a detailed finite element (FE) model of the human head, an FE model of the Hybrid III dummy head and an FE model of a helmet. The same simulations were performed on both the FE human head model and the FE Hybrid III head model, both fitted with helmets. Simulations on both these heads were performed to describe the relationship between load levels in the FE Hybrid III head model and strains in the brain tissue in the FE human head model. In this study, the change in rotational velocity and the head injury criterion (HIC) value were chosen as appropriate measurements. It was concluded that both rotational and translational effects are important when predicting the strain levels in the human brain.
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  • Abi-Dargham, A, et al. (författare)
  • Measurement of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D1 receptor binding potential with [11C]NNC 112 in humans: validation and reproducibility
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. - : SAGE Publications. - 0271-678X. ; 20:2, s. 225-243
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To evaluate the postulated role of extrastriatal D1 receptors in human cognition and psychopathology requires an accurate and reliable method for quantification of these receptors in the living human brain. [11C]NNC 112 is a promising novel radiotracer for positron emission tomography imaging of the D1 receptor. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate methods to derive D1 receptor parameters in striatal and extrastriatal regions of the human brain with [11C]NNC 112. Six healthy volunteers were studied twice. Two methods of analysis (kinetic and graphical) were applied to 12 regions (neocortical, limbic, and subcortical regions) to derive four outcome measures: total distribution volume, distribution volume ratio, binding potential (BP), and specific-to-nonspecific equilibrium partition coefficient ( k3/ k4). Both kinetic and graphic analyses provided BP and k3/ k4 values in good agreement with the known distribution of D1 receptors (striatum > limbic regions = neocortical regions > thalamus). The identifiability of outcome measures derived by kinetic analysis was excellent. Time-stability analysis indicated that 90 minutes of data collection generated stable outcome measures. Derivation of BP and k3/ k4 by kinetic analysis was highly reliable, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of 0.90 ± 0.06 (mean ± SD of 12 regions) and 0.84 ± 0.11, respectively. The reliability of these parameters derived by graphical analysis was lower, with ICCs of 0.72 ± 0.17 and 0.58 ± 0.21, respectively. Noise analysis revealed a noise-dependent bias in the graphical but not the kinetic analysis. In conclusion, kinetic analysis of [11C]NNC 112 uptake provides an appropriate method with which to derive D1 receptor parameters in regions with both high (striatal) and low (extrastriatal) D1 receptor density.
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