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- Bouffet-Halle, Alix, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation and cross-amplification of sex-specific genetic markers in Australasian Egerniinae lizards and their implications for understanding the evolution of sex determination and social complexity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Australian Journal of Zoology. - 0004-959X. ; 69:2, s. 33-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex is a pervasive factor that underpins functional phenotypic variation across a range of traits. Although sex can usually be distinguished morphologically, in some species this is not possible. The development of genetic markers for sex identification is, thus, key if we are to incorporate sex into an understanding of ecological or evolutionary process. Here we develop genetic markers for the identification of sex within an iconic Australian lizard group, the Egernia group, which is notable for its complex social behaviour. We used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing to characterise sex-specific genetic sequences for a key member of the group, Liopholis whitii, and designed primers for four of these putative sex-specific sequences. These primers amplified across some, but not all, species of the group. Our results provided several important insights. They suggest conservatism of a XX/XY sex determination system within the group as well as sex-specific genomic regions that appear independent of the conserved genomic regions identified in other skink species. More broadly, the development of sex markers for the Egernia group opens up a range of potential research questions related to the role that sex plays in the mediation of social behaviour and, through this, the emergence and stability of social life.
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- Danielsson, D., et al.
(författare)
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Brachytherapy and osteoradionecrosis in patients with base of tongue cancer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 143:1, s. 77-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Base of tongue cancer incidence and patient survival is increasing why treatment sequelae becomes exceedingly important. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a late adverse effect of radiotherapy and brachytherapy (BT) could be a risk factor. Brachytherapy is used in three out of six health care regions in Sweden. Aims: Investigate if patients treated in regions using BT show an increased risk for ORN and whether brachytherapy has any impact on overall survival. Material and Methods: We used data from the Swedish Head and Neck Cancer Register between 2008–2014. Due to the nonrandomized nature of the study and possible selection bias we compared the risk for ORN in brachy vs non-brachy regions. Results: Fifty out of 505 patients (9.9%) developed ORN; eight of these were treated in nonbrachy regions (16%), while 42 (84%) were treated in brachy regions. Neither age, sex, TNM-classification/stage, p16, smoking, neck dissection, or chemotherapy differed between ORN and no-ORN patients. The risk for ORN was significantly higher for patients treated in brachy regions compared to non-brachy regions (HR = 2,63, p =.012), whereas overall survival did not differ (HR = 0.95, p =.782). Conclusions and Significance: Brachytherapy ought to be used cautiously for selected patients or within prospective randomized studies.
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- Danielsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of genetic background and oxidative stress response on risk of mandibular osteoradionecrosis after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Head and Neck. - : Wiley. - 1043-3074 .- 1097-0347. ; 38:3, s. 387-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a severe complication of head and neck radiotherapy (RT) treatment, where the impact of individual radiosensitivity has been a suggested explanation. Methods: A cohort of patients with stage II/III ORN was compared to matched controls. Blood was collected and irradiated in vitro to study the capacity to handle radiation-induced oxidative stress. Patients were also genotyped for 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the oxidative stress response. Results: A difference in 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels was found between the patient cohorts (p = 0.01). The SNP rs1695 in glutathione s-transferase p1 (GSTP1) was also found to be more frequent in the patients with ORN (p = .02). Multivariate analysis of the clinical and biological factors revealed concomitant brachytherapy plus the 2 biomarkers to be significant factors which influense risk of mandibular osteoradionecrosis after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. Conclusion: The current study indicates that oxidative stress response contributes to individual radiosensitivity and healthy tissue damage caused by RT and may be predicted by biomarker analysis.
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- Danielsson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced oxidative stress response as a risk factor for normal tissue damage after radiotherapy: a study on mandibular osteoradionecrosis
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundThe use of radiotherapy (RT) to treat cancer involves exposure of normal tissues. Factors that promote the development of normal tissue damage are poorly understood. An increased individual sensitivity to ionizing radiation is a likely candidate, but general phenotypes for late adverse effects of RT are difficult to define. We have found osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in the mandible as a well-defined model phenotype for an in-depth study of clinical and biological risk factors for developing late adverse effects to RT.MethodsA cohort of patients with stage 2/3 ORN following RT for head and neck cancer (HCN) was studied and compared to a closely matched control group. Blood samples from the patients were collected and irradiated in vitro and the capacity to handle radiation-induced oxidative stress was investigated by measuring the level of 8-oxo-dG in serum 60 min post exposure. The patients were also genotyped for eight SNPs in genes involved in the oxidative stress response and previously studied in the context of individual radiosensitivity. Results from these endpoints were analyzed in conjunction with clinical data using multivariate analysis and an ORN risk model was constructed. FindingsA significant difference in 8-oxo-dG levels was found between the patient cohorts, indicating a heterogeneous response to oxidative stress induced by the in vitro γ-radiation. The SNP rs1695 in GSTP1 was found to be significantly more frequent in the ORN+ compared to ORN- group. Multivariate analysis of the clinical and biological factors revealed concomitant brachytherapy plus the two biomarkers to be the most significant. Interpretation: The current study indicates that patient-related factors are a major source of individual variation in normal tissue response to RT. Two of the studied genetic biomarkers are strong factors in the described risk model of ORN.
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