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- Hulthén, Lena, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Salt intake in young Swedish men.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public health nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 13:5, s. 601-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To measure dietary salt intake in a Swedish population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with measured 24 h urinary excretion of Na and K. Completeness of urine collection was assessed using p-aminobenzoic acid. The subjects were interviewed on their habitual food intake. SETTING: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Eighty-six young men (age 18-20 years), randomly selected from the population of Gothenburg. Seven men were excluded due to incomplete urine collection. RESULTS: The mean excretion of Na and K over 24 h was 198 and 84 mmol, respectively (corresponding to 11.5 g NaCl and 3.3 g K). The mean 24 h excretion in the highest quartile of Na excretion was 297 mmol Na and 105 mmol K, and in the lowest quartile, 100 mmol Na and 68 mmol K. The mean Na:K ratio was 2.3, and respectively 3.2 and 1.8 in the highest and lowest Na excretion quartiles. Calculated energy intake did not differ between the highest and lowest quartiles of Na excretion, but body weight, BMI and the intake of certain foods known to be Na-rich did. CONCLUSIONS: Salt intake in young men was alarming high and even subjects in the lowest quartile of Na excretion did not meet present recommendations to limit salt intake to 5-6 g/d. At this point we can only speculate what the consequences of the high salt intake may be for CVD and stroke later in life. Regulation of the salt content in processed and fast food and in snacks is advocated, to curtail the salt burden on society imposed by the food industry.
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| 2. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of under- and over-reporters of energy intake among 18-20-year-old males: the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800. ; 11:11, s. 1117-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe characteristics of the bias of reported energy intake of participants in the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study. DESIGN: A validated diet history with a detailed questionnaire and an interview was used. Body fat was analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The ratio of energy intake (EI) to BMR was used to define under-reporters (EI:BMR < 1.30), acceptable reporters (EI:BMR >/= 1.30 to <2.64) and over-reporters (EI:BMR >/= 2.64). SETTING: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 695 males (18-20 years). RESULTS: Sixty-eight per cent were classed as acceptable reporters, 22 % as over-reporters and 10 % as under-reporters. The under-reporters had higher BMI and body fat percentage than acceptable reporters (P < 0.001), while over-reporters had lower BMI and body fat percentage (P < 0.001). Over-reporters had more frequent use of protein supplements than acceptable reporters and higher physical activity. Over-reporters had a more regular and under-reporters a less regular meal pattern compared with acceptable reporters. CONCLUSIONS: Important knowledge of dietary reporting bias in a previously sparsely studied population has been provided. Over-reporting of energy intake was more common than under-reporting in the present population of young men and characteristics of under- and over-reporters were identified. The GOOD study was initiated with the central aim to determine environmental and genetic factors involved in the regulation of bone and fat mass, and the nutrient data of the acceptable reporters can be used for further investigation of the health effects of energy and nutrient intake.
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