| 1. |
- Abbasi, Rasha, et al.
(författare)
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IceCube search for neutrinos from GRB 221009A
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023). - : Sissa Medialab Srl.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- GRB 221009A is the brightest Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) ever observed. The observed extremelyhigh flux of high and very-high-energy photons provide a unique opportunity to probe the predictedneutrino counterpart to the electromagnetic emission. We have used a variety of methods to searchfor neutrinos in coincidence with the GRB over several time windows during the precursor, promptand afterglow phases of the GRB. MeV scale neutrinos are studied using photo-multiplier ratescalers which are normally used to search for galactic core-collapse supernovae neutrinos. GeVneutrinos are searched starting with DeepCore triggers. These events don’t have directionallocalization, but instead can indicate an excess in the rate of events. 10 GeV - 1 TeV and >TeVneutrinos are searched using traditional neutrino point source methods which take into accountthe direction and time of events with DeepCore and the entire IceCube detector respectively. The>TeV results include both a fast-response analysis conducted by IceCube in real-time with timewindows of T0 − 1 to T0 + 2 hours and T0 ± 1 day around the time of GRB 221009A, as well asan offline analysis with 3 new time windows up to a time window of T0 − 1 to T0 + 14 days, thelongest time period we consider. The combination of observations by IceCube covers 9 ordersof magnitude in neutrino energy, from MeV to PeV, placing upper limits across the range forpredicted neutrino emission.
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| 2. |
- Abdillahi, Suado M, et al.
(författare)
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The Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix Is a Bactericidal Barrier Against Haemophilus influenzae in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) : Implications for an in vivo Innate Host Defense Function of Collagen VI
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative human commensal commonly residing in the nasopharynx of preschool children. It occasionally causes upper respiratory tract infection such as acute otitis media, but can also spread to the lower respiratory tract causing bronchitis and pneumonia. There is increasing recognition that NTHi has an important role in chronic lower respiratory tract inflammation, particularly in persistent infection in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we set out to assess the innate protective effects of collagen VI, a ubiquitous extracellular matrix component, against NTHi infection in vivo. In vitro, collagen VI rapidly kills bacteria through pore formation and membrane rupture, followed by exudation of intracellular content. This effect is mediated by specific binding of the von Willebrand A (VWA) domains of collagen VI to the NTHi surface adhesins protein E (PE) and Haemophilus autotransporter protein (Hap). Similar observations were made in vivo specimens from murine airways and COPD patient biopsies. NTHi bacteria adhered to collagen fibrils in the airway mucosa and were rapidly killed by membrane destabilization. The significance in host-pathogen interplay of one of these molecules, PE, was highlighted by the observation that it confers partial protection from bacterial killing. Bacteria lacking PE were more prone to antimicrobial activity than NTHi expressing PE. Altogether the data shed new light on the carefully orchestrated molecular events of the host-pathogen interplay in COPD and emphasize the importance of the extracellular matrix as a novel branch of innate host defense.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Cecilia K, et al.
(författare)
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Activated MCTC mast cells infiltrate diseased lung areas in cystic fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 12:139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although mast cells are regarded as important regulators of inflammation and tissue remodelling, their role in cystic fibrosis (CF) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has remained less studied. This study investigates the densities and phenotypes of mast cell populations in multiple lung compartments from patients with CF, IPF and never smoking controls. Methods: Small airways, pulmonary vessels, and lung parenchyma were subjected to detailed immunohistochemical analyses using lungs from patients with CF (20 lung regions; 5 patients), IPF (21 regions; 7 patients) and controls (16 regions; 8 subjects). In each compartment the densities and distribution of MCT and MCTC mast cell populations were studied as well as the mast cell expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta. Results: In the alveolar parenchyma in lungs from patients with CF, MCTC numbers increased in areas showing cellular inflammation or fibrosis compared to controls. Apart from an altered balance between MCTC and MCT cells, mast cell in CF lungs showed elevated expression of IL-6. In CF, a decrease in total mast cell numbers was observed in small airways and pulmonary vessels. In patients with IPF, a significantly elevated MCTC density was present in fibrotic areas of the alveolar parenchyma with increased mast cell expression of TGF-beta. The total mast cell density was unchanged in small airways and decreased in pulmonary vessels in IPF. Both the density, as well as the percentage, of MCTC correlated positively with the degree of fibrosis. The increased density of MCTC, as well as MCTC expression of TGF-beta, correlated negatively with patient lung function. Conclusions: The present study reveals that altered mast cell populations, with increased numbers of MCTC in diseased alveolar parenchyma, represents a significant component of the histopathology in CF and IPF. The mast cell alterations correlated to the degree of tissue remodelling and to lung function parameters. Further investigations of mast cells in these diseases may open for new therapeutic strategies.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Mice Lacking 12/15-Lipoxygenase have Attenuated Airway Allergic Inflammation and Remodeling.
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. - 1535-4989. ; 39:6, s. 648-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (LO)-1 has been implicated in allergic inflammation and asthma. The overall effect of 15-LO in allergic inflammation in vivo is, however, unclear. This study investigates systemic allergen sensitization and local allergic airway inflammation and remodeling in mice lacking the murine 12/15-LO, the ortholog to human 15-LO-1. Upon systemic sensitization with intraperitoneal ovalbumin, 12/15 LO(-/-) mice produced elevated levels of allergen-specific IgE compared to wild type (Wt) controls. However, when challenged with repeated aerosolized allergen sensitized 12/15 LO(-/-) mice had an impaired development of airway allergic inflammation compared to Wt controls, as indicated by reduced BAL fluid leukocytes (eosinophils, lymphocytes macrophages) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) as well as tissue eosinophils. Allergen-induced airway epithelial proliferation was also significantly attenuated in 12/15 LO(-/-) mice whereas goblet cell hyperplasia was unaffected. However, 12/15 LO(-/-) mice had significantly reduced luminal mucus secretions compared to Wt controls. The repeated allergen challenges resulted in a dramatic increase of alpha-smooth muscle-actin positive alveolar cells in the peripheral airways, a phenomenon that was significantly less developed in 12/15 LO(-/-) mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that 12/15 LO(-/-) mice, although having a fully developed systemic sensitization, did not establish a fully developed allergic airway inflammation and associated manifestations of central and peripheral airway remodeling. These data suggest that 12/15-LO derived metabolites play an important pathophysiological role in allergen-induced inflammation and remodeling. Hence, pharmacologic targeting of the human 15-LO-1 may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to control inflammation and remodeling in asthma.
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| 5. |
- Ansell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Concrete Structures
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Armerin, Fredrik, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Forecasting Ranking in Harness Racing Using Probabilities Induced by Expected Positions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Applied Artificial Intelligence. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 0883-9514 .- 1087-6545. ; 33:2, s. 171-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ranked events are pivotal in many important AI-applications such as Question Answering and recommendations systems. This paper studies ranked events in the setting of harness racing. For each horse there exists a probability distribution over its possible rankings. In the paper, it is shown that a set of expected positions (and more generally, higher moments) for the horses induces this probability distribution. The main contribution of the paper is a method, which extracts this induced probability distribution from a set of expected positions. An algorithm is proposed where the extraction of the induced distribution is given by the estimated expectations. MATLAB code is provided for the methodology. This approach gives freedom to model the horses in many different ways without the restrictions imposed by for instance logistic regression. To illustrate this point, we employ a neural network and ordinary ridge regression. The method is applied to predicting the distribution of the finishing positions for horses in harness racing. It outperforms both multinomial logistic regression and the market odds. The ease of use combined with fine results from the suggested approach constitutes a relevant addition to the increasingly important field of ranked events.
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| 7. |
- Bergman, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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When the River Began—The Formation of River Motala Ström and Human Presence in the Early Holocene, Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quaternary. - : MDPI AG. - 2571-550X. ; 3:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conjunction with the extensive archaeological projects conducted at the current outlet of Sweden’s second largest lake, Lake Vättern, macrofossil, pollen and diatom records have been studied from 14C-dated lake and river sediments from River Motala Ström in Motala and Lake Boren. These investigations have revealed sedimentary evidence of the Yoldia Sea regression, the Ancient Lake Vättern transgression, and the following stepwise river formation process. Around 9000 cal BC, two small kettlehole basins at Strandvägen and Kanaljorden became isolated from the Baltic basin. As the ice sheet retreated further north, the isostatic uplift isolated the Vättern basin from the Baltic basin. Due to the uneven isostatic uplift, the basin tilted toward the south, and the Ancient Lake Vättern transgression started in Motala. The threshold in Motala at 92.5 m a.s.l. was reached around 7200 cal BC, and River Motala Ström was formed. 14C-dated diatom records from Lake Boren, and shoreline deposits in Motala, confirm this event. The water level in Lake Vättern initially fell around 1.5 m, and around 5800 cal BC, a second erosional event cut down the threshold to modern day level. At this time, the Late Mesolithic settlements in Motala were established and expanded.
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| 8. |
- Hallgren, Jonas
(författare)
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Continuous time Graphical Models and Decomposition Sampling
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two topics in temporal graphical probabilistic models are studied. The topics are treated in separate papers, both with applications in finance. The first paper study inference in dynamic Bayesian networks using Monte Carlo methods. A new method for sampling random variables is proposed. The method divides the sample space into subspaces. This allows the sampling to be done in parallel with independent and distinct sampling methods on the subspaces. The methodology is demonstrated on a volatility model and some toy examples with promising results. The second paper treats probabilistic graphical models in continuous time —a class of models with the ability to express causality. Tools for inference in these models are developed and employed in the design of a causality measure. The framework is used to analyze tick-by-tick data from the foreign exchange market.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hallgren, Jonas
(författare)
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Forecasting Ranking in Harness Racing using Probabilities Induced by Expected Positions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ranked events are pivotal in many important AI-applications such as QuestionAnswering and recommendations systems. This paper studies ranked events in the setting of harness racing.For each horse there exists a probability distribution over its possible rankings. In the paper it is shown that a set of expected positions (and more generally, higher moments) for the horses induces this probability distribution.The main contribution of the paper is a method which extracts this induced probability distribution from a set of expected positions. An algorithm isproposed where the extraction of the induced distribution is given by the estimated expectations. MATLAB code is provided for the methodology.This approach gives freedom to model the horses in many different ways without the restrictions imposed by for instance logistic regression. To illustrate this point, we employ a neural network and ordinary ridge regression.The method is applied to predicting the distribution of the finishing positions for horses in harness racing. It outperforms both multinomial logistic regression and the market odds.The ease of use combined with fine results from the suggested approach constitutes a relevant addition to the increasingly important field of ranked events.
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